He–Ar Isotope Composition of Pyrite and Wolframite in the Tieshanlong Tungsten Deposit,Jiangxi, China: Implications for Fluid Evolution

The Tieshanlong tungsten‐polymetallic deposit is a large wolframite deposit of quartz vein type located in southern Jiangxi, South China. It is genetically related to a high‐K S‐type granite. Seven pyrite and two wolframite samples, selected for He and Ar isotope analyses, yielded ³He/⁴He values of 0.04–0.98 Ra, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios of 293.5–368.0, and ³⁸Ar/³⁶Ar ratios of 0.176–0.193. These data indicate that the ore‐forming fluids associated with the deposit did not result from a simple mixing of the crustal‐ and mantle‐derived end‐member fluids, but that primeval meteoric fluids were also involved in the generation of the associated granitic magma by partial melting of crustal metasedimentary rocks. Further investigations show that only minimal He from the mantle was added during generation of the associated granitic magma. It is postulated that boiling and second mixing with “new” meteoric fluids took place during migration of magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids into wall‐rock fractures, resulting in a drastic decrease of their metal transport capacity, which triggered the tungsten‐polymetallic mineralization.     

闽江水利工程引发的环境地质灾害问题初步研究

闽江干-支流上众多水利水电工程的建设运营,显著地改变了闽江干-支流的流速、流量、输砂量和挟砂能力等水动力场因素,也改变了沿江两岸的应力场强度与分布状态,导致闽江流水地质作用类型、强度及其时空分布与演化状态产生较大的变化,相伴产生日益突出的空间分布较广的、持续时间长的沿江两岸(含库区)的环境地质灾害问题。本文概要地就闽江水利工程建设运营与沿江及库区岸坡的失稳破坏危害、水口水库诱发地震灾害以及水利工程运营与水库下游河道稳定性变化及危害的关系等3方面问题进行初步的研究。研究表明:沿江库区及岸坡的失稳破坏灾害发生与水利工程运营具有明显的相关性,随运营时间的延续,灾害发生的频率显著提高; 水库蓄水拦砂致使大坝下游河床的流水侵蚀冲刷作用增强,这是导致水库下游河道形态变化、破坏并伴生沿江岸工程危害的重要因素; 水口水库蓄水加载及水化作用是诱发水口库区地震的重要因素,该水库诱发地震的余震时间持续长,在未来若干年内仍存在发生起伏性增强,或强度较大的并具破坏性地震的可能,对此应予高度重视并展开专项研究。同时提出,应开展水利工程引发的地质灾害的专项监测和预报分析研究,并建立水利工程环境地质灾害动态区域信息监测和预警预报系统。     

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗林西组泥岩地球化学特征及构造意义

阿鲁科尔沁旗陶海营子剖面以灰、灰黑、黄绿色的砂板岩组合为特征,是林西组典型剖面之一,含双壳、叶肢介、植物和孢粉化石,结合碎屑锆石年龄,时代为晚二叠世晚期。本次所研究的林西组样品以暗色泥岩为主,主量元素平均含量SiO_2=62.90%,Al_2O_3=16.85%,MgO=1.78%,CaO=1.01%,Na_2O=1.64%,K_2O=4.0%,K_2O/Na_2O为1.10～5.66;A1_2O_3/(CaO+Na_2O)比值为3.57～12.69;稀土元素ΣREE介于139.85×10~(-6)～231.65×10~(-6)之间,平均值为190.74×10~(-6),δEu值介于0.49～0.87之间,平均值为0.61,表现为铕的负异常,Ce介于0.91×10~(-6)～0.96×10~(-6)之间,为负异常,LREE富集,HREE亏损,微量元素以亏损Nb、Ta、Sr,富集Rb、Ba、La、Ce、Pb、Nd、Sm为特征。以上分析表明林西组形成于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘构造背景。依据碎屑锆石年龄谱值信息,林西组沉积物源具多样性和复杂性,除东北各地块,同时存在华北板块和西伯利亚板块的物源信息,说明林西组沉积时期华北板块与西伯利亚板块可能已经开始俯冲过程。     

A Quantitative Evaluation of Shale Gas Content in Different Occurrence States of the Longmaxi Formation: A New Insight from Well JY-A in the Fuling Shale Gas Field,Sichuan Basin

Comprehensive quantitative evaluation of shale gas content and the controlling factors in different occurrence states is of great significance for accurately assessing gas-bearing capacity and providing effective well-production strategies. A total of 122 core samples from well JY-A in the Fuling shale gas field were studied to reveal the characteristics of S_1 l shale,15 of which were selected to further predict the shale gas content in different occurrence states, which are dependent on geological factors in the thermal evolution process. Geological parameters were researched by a number of laboratory programs, and the factors influential in controlling shale gas content were extracted by both PCA and GRA methods and prediction models were confirmed by the BE method using SPSS software. Results reveal that the adsorbed gas content is mainly controlled by TOC, Ro, SSA, PD and pyrite content, and the free gas content is mainly controlled by S_2, quartz content, gas saturation and formation pressure for S_1 l in well JY-A. Three methods, including the on-site gas desorption method, the empirical formula method, and the multiple regression analysis method were used in combination to evaluate the shale gas capacity of well JY-A, all of which show that the overall shale gas content of well JY-A is in the range of 2.0–5.0 m~3/t and that the free gas ratio is about 50%, lower than that of well JY-1. Cause analysis further confirms the tectonics and preservation conditions of S_1 l in the geological processes, especially the influence of eastern boundary faults on well JY-A, as the fundamental reasons for the differences in shale gas enrichment in the Jiaoshiba area.     

湖北省二叠纪梁山组沉积期岩相古地理特征与成煤规律

湖北省二叠纪梁山组沉积期是一次重要的成煤时期,由于煤层的不稳定性,其煤层层数、厚度、煤质等存在明显差异。通过岩性、煤层及古生物的研究对比,查明梁山组自下而上共含煤4层,煤层的形成与沉积特征受岩相古地理环境制约。就整个华南沉积盆地而言,从湖北到湖南,岩相古地理沉积模式为北高南低的古陆-潟湖-障壁岛-广海的沉积格局,湖北境内主要为古陆和海湾潟湖,位于湘鄂交界的江南古陆实为障壁岛,跨过障壁岛,便进入华南广海。湖北沉积区相单元主要为潟湖和潮坪,其中潮坪沼泽亚相为煤层形成的最佳环境,巴东麻沙煤田、松宜煤田和蒲圻煤田皆为该环境的沉积产物,其煤层的沉积特征与海侵机制和滞留时间密切相关。     

基于简化力学模型的隧道锚极限承载力估值公式

悬索桥隧道式锚碇的设计理念为锚碇夹持岩体协同承载,因而承载能力远超同体积的重力式锚碇。但因目前对围岩协同作用认识尚不充分,在当前隧道式锚碇设计中仍保守地忽略锚碇和岩体间的挤压效应。为弄清锚碇-岩体协同承载的机制,揭示隧道锚承载能力提高的本质,通过分析隧道式锚碇建设至成桥全过程受力,建立隧道锚的简化力学模型,并引用Mindlin应力解分析了荷载沿锚碇轴向的传递规律以及荷载产生的作用于锚碇-岩体间的挤压应力分布,最终给出了隧道式锚碇极限承载力的简化估算方法,并通过伍家岗大桥隧道锚工程实例分析了结果的合理性。所得结论主要有:锚碇-岩体界面力主要由锚碇自重和锚碇-岩体相互挤压产生;锚碇-岩体界面附加应力自后锚面向前锚面呈先增后减的变化趋势,在距后锚面约1/3L处达到应力峰值;以容许抗剪强度为破坏判据解得的伍家岗长江大桥隧道式锚碇的极限承载力为3 504 MN,约为16倍的设计荷载,与室内试验值基本吻合。     

江西省宁都县陂下地热地质特征及资源评价

利用江西省宁都县陂下地区ZK1钻孔取得的相关数据,通过分析该区地温场、基底温度、循环深度、岩石生热率、大地热流、水化学等地热地质特征,对该区地热资源进行了初步评价,并计算了ZK1钻孔的可采资源量和地热产能.研究区地热水井口温度45 C,属于HCO3·SO4-Na型地热水,可命名为氟水、硅水、温水、淡水;ZK1钻孔可开采资源量为759. 89 m3 /d,热功率为964. 76 kW,年产能5.07×107 MJ.     

快速测量非饱和土渗透系数的湿润锋前进法适用性研究

非饱和土渗透系数函数是非饱和土体渗流分析中必不可少的参数。然而非饱和土渗透系数函数测量非常困难,其中稳态法测量范围过于狭小,而瞬时截面法耗时动辄数月,难以应用。为此,提出了湿润锋前进法,有望在一周内测得渗透系数函数。采用数值模拟手段检验湿润锋前进法的测量精度和适用范围。数值模拟结果显示：对于砂土、粉土、黏土,湿润锋前进法得到的渗透系数函数均与输入的理论渗透曲线一致,但测量范围限于高吸力范围（大于进气值）。此外,还采用瞬时截面法计算了渗透系数函数,结果表明：瞬时截面法计算的渗透系数在理论渗透曲线附近波动,其精度取决于监测截面的间距,间距越大,精度越低。在给出的20、60、100 mm这3种间距中,20 mm间距时计算得到的渗透系数精度最高,但与湿润锋前进法的精度仍有一定差距。因此,湿润锋前进法是一种可靠的能够快速得到渗透系数函数的测量手段。     

基于高阶统计的时变子波估计及其应用

地震子波估计是地震资料高分辨处理、解释的基础,快速准确地估计地震子波具有重要意义。笔者利用三谱估计子波的振幅谱,根据峰度最大值准则提取子波的相位,规避了相位的卷绕问题,并讨论了该准则的适用条件。比较了不同窗函数的特性,最终选定Hamming窗函数滑动求取时变子波。利用变频雷克子波模型讨论了时变子波提取的有效性。应用到实际资料处理中,与不同主频的雷克子波标定的地震记录进行对比分析。结果表明:该方法使得子波振幅谱估计更加稳定,相位谱估计更易于实现,与实际情况更加符合。     

雅鲁藏布江深厚砂砾卵石覆盖层钻探工艺

为了开展雅鲁藏布江流域综合规划及其水资源开发利用与保护专题研究工作,在雅鲁藏布江干流里龙坝址和本宗坝址共布置了4个200~300 m深的钻孔。主要通过在西藏高寒地区4个深厚覆盖层钻孔的成功实施经验,对西藏高寒地区深厚覆盖层勘探成孔工艺与技术进行研究探讨。