中国东部陆缘中区中-新生代区域断裂系统时空分布特征、迁移规律及成因类型

中国东部陆缘中区中-新生代深大断裂十分发育.根据断裂的时空分布规律,可划分出4个断裂系:燕山造山带断裂系、秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带断裂系、郯庐断裂系及东海陆架盆地-冲绳海槽断裂系.4个断裂系具有各自不同的断裂迁移规律:燕山造山带印支-燕山期断裂具有从早至晚从EW→NE→NNE向偏转迁移规律;秦岭-大别造山带北麓逆冲推覆作用的强度在印支-燕山早期表现出南强北弱、东强西弱和东断西褶趋势,同时具有由东向西由早到晚穿时迁移演化特征,燕山末期-喜山早期则相反,表现出北强南弱、西强东弱的构造特征;郯庐断裂系的活动对盆地的控制作用具有由早到晚由西向东、由南向北迁移规律;东海陆架盆地-冲绳海槽断裂的形成时代具有明显的从西向东越来越新的迁移规律.4个断裂系及构造迁移规律分别是板块碰撞-陆内俯冲、陆内造山、走滑、板块俯冲后退4种不同地球动力学背景中的产物.     

渤海锦州油田某平台及管线路由区腐蚀环境探讨

分析了渤海锦州20-2北和21—1油田海区海水及沉积物腐蚀性因子调查结果,阐述了该海区电阻率、溶解氧、Fe^3 ／Fe^2 、Eh、有机质、Es等腐蚀因子特征。在对腐蚀环境进行综合分析基础上指出,调查区海水腐蚀因子的数值与临近海区大体一致,但本海区海水腐蚀性的一个显著特点是：全浸区的海水腐蚀性远大于潮间区与浪溅区,因而该海区海水腐蚀性将大于渤海南部一些海区。调查区内表层海土腐蚀性不强,但管道在经过海土时有可能发生电偶腐蚀,故提出了防腐蚀对策和建议。     

基于BP神经网络的波阻抗反演及应用

人工神经网络是近期发展最快的人工智能领域研究成果之一.本文在介绍BP神经网络的有关原理的基础上,提出一种基于BP神经网络模型的波阻抗反演方法,该方法克服了常规基于模型的波阻抗反演方法严重依赖于初始模型的选择和易陷入局部最优等局限性.利用该方法对实际地震剖面进行了波阻抗参数反演处理,结果表明人工神经网络方法在波阻抗反演中的应用是可行的并且是有效的.     

秦岭造山带中两条新元古代岩浆岩带

秦岭造山带中的新元古代岩浆岩带分为南、北两带,北带主要发育于秦岭岩群分布区,由新元古代早期花岗质岩石组成,由于受到强烈变质、变形,构成了NW向花岗片麻岩体群。岩石总体化学特征反映一种挤压性的动力学背景,其形成时代集中在95 5～84 4 Ma。南带分布于陡岭岩群分布区、南秦岭及“勉略构造带”以南的汉南一带,由双峰式火山岩、基性辉长岩侵入体及板内花岗质侵入岩组成。与北带花岗质岩石所受到的强烈变质、变形形成鲜明对比,除邻近构造带的岩体外,它们变质、变形程度较弱,以弱片麻状至块状构造为主,形成时代介于810～710 Ma之间,反映大陆地壳处于减薄的伸展机制。这条岩浆岩带的发育,显示秦岭造山带南部曾存在一条新元古代中期裂谷带,它是劳伦、澳大利亚和塔里木—扬子等大陆初始裂解的产物,也是古太平洋形成的前兆。     

工业用水定额的制订与管理研究

在城市用水中,工业用水占60%以上。科学合理地制订工业用水定额,实行工业产品的用水定额管理,不但可以促进工业企业改进生产工艺,制定节水措施,有利于企业挖潜降耗,降低产品成本,提高经济效益,也有利于各级政府节水管理机构合理制定用水计划和节水管理工作的科学性和规范性。文章对工业用水定额的原则和制订方法进行了分析探讨,提出了用水定额管理中应注意的几个问题。     

中俄管道(漠河—乌尔其段)多年冻土环境工程地质区划和评价

在汇总大量勘察资料的基础上,充分考虑冻土区输油管道工程的特点,以及管道与冻土之间的相互作用和过程,重点阐述中俄输油管道沿线多年冻土环境工程地质条件,确定出中俄管道沿线冻土环境工程地质区划原则和指标。按不同类型多年冻土的区域分布规律及面积比率,并考虑地温、厚度及植被变化等特征,分成4个冻土工程地质区,即漠河—瓦拉干片状冻土区、瓦拉干—劲松大片融区的多年冻土区、劲松—加格达奇岛状多年冻土区和加格达奇—乌尔其零星多年冻土区。然后按多年冻土含冰(水)量类别,并兼顾土层冻胀、融沉分类级别,又在4个区内共划分出151个冻土类别地段,依次按区分级进行评价,最后将这151个地段归纳为4种类型的工程地质地段:良好、较好、不良、极差。     

祁连山区冰沟流域积雪分布特征及其属性观测分析

以祁连山冰沟流域为研究区,通过在流域内布设花杆观测积雪深度,渊查了山区积雪分布情况;利用雪特性分析仪测量了区内积雪密度、介电常数、液念水含量等积雪参数,光谱仪测量了不同类型积雪的光谱特征,手持反照率测量计观测积雪表面反照率,带刻度手持放大镜测量积雪粒径,红外温度计和针式温度计测量雪层的温度和实地测量积雪属性.同时,在研究区内选择加强观测区挖雪坑,对雪层内部属性和雪剖面分层特性作了进一步研究,计算民流域内积雪等效密度;最后对试验中所使用的野外实测积雪的各种方法进行了评价.研究表明:山区积雪分布很不均匀,在阴坡山谷雪深最深,阳坡雪积累最少,即使在同一样区,积雪分布也小均匀;研究Ⅸ的积雪属于潮雪,体秋含水量在3%以下;不同粒径、类型和表面粗糙度的积雪反射率不同,验证了积雪光谱是雪颗粒、污染物和地面粗糙度的函数;积雪反照率随太阳高度角升高逐步降低,在没有新降雪的情况下,日反照率也逐渐降低;雪分层比较明显,雪下冰晶层发育良好.当深度达剑20 cm时,积雪具有保温作用;冰沟流域的积雪等效密度随时间和空间变化不大,经汁算为0.16 g·cm-3.     

Accumulation Mechanisms and Evolution History of the Giant Puguang Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, China

Solid bitumens were found throughout the carbonate reservoirs in the Puguang gas field,the largest gas field SO far found in marine carbonates in China,confirming that the Puguang gas field evolved from a paleo-oil reservoir.The fluid conduit system at the time of intensive oil accumulation in the field Was reconstructed,and petroleum migration pathways were modeled using a 3-D model and traced by geochemical parameters.The forward modeling and inversion tracing coincided with each other and both indicated that oils accumulated in the Puguang-Dongyuezhai structure originated from a generative kitchen to the northwest of the Puguang gas field.The deposition of organic-rich Upper Permian source rocks dominated by sapropelic organic matter in the Northeast Sichuan Basin, the development of fluid conduit system that was vertically near-source rock and laterally near-generative kitchen,and the focusing of oils originated from a large area of the generative kitchen,were the three requirements for the formation of the giant paleo-oil reservoir from which the giant Puguang gas field evolved.The Puguang gas field had experienced a three-stage evolution.The post-accumulation processes,especially the organic-inorganic interaction in the hydrocarbon-water-rock system,had not only profoundly altered the composition and characteristics of the petroleum fluids,but also obviously changed the physicochemical conditions in the reservoir and resulted in complicated precipitation and solution of carbonate minerals.     

Biodiversity and Sequence of the Middle Triassic Panxian Marine Reptile Fauna, Guizhou Province, China

Abstract: The Middle Triassic Panxian fauna is a physical marker and representative record of the rapid recovery of the Triassic marine ecosystem following the Early Triassic stagnant stage after the end-Permian mass extinction. Ten marine reptile taxa have been found from the 1.82–2.10 m-thick fossiliferous level in the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation, which can be subdivided into three marine reptile beds through the analysis on the stratigraphic distributions of fossil reptiles. The Lower Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Placodus inexpectatus Jiang et al., 2008 and Lariosaurus hongguoensis Jiang et al., 2006, the ichthyopterygians Xinminosaurus catactes Jiang et al., 2008 and Phalarodon cf. Phalarodon fraasi Merriam, 1910, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006, representing a stage of predominance of durophagous taxa. In this bed, the large complete skeletons may reach up to 2.3 m in length, and lithofacies and chemostratigraphic analyses indicate a relatively deep carbonate platform with an oxic water environment near the bottom, as well as a rising sea level. The Middle Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygian Nothosaurus yangjuanensis Jiang et al., 2006 and the archosaur Qianosuchus mixtus Li et al., 2006, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. The fossils in this bed are characterized by its pincering dentition and large overall body size, with the largest possibly exceeding 3 m in length. This bed might represent a time of deepest basin with relatively anoxic condition near the bottom. The Upper Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang et al., 2008, Keichousaurus sp., the protorosaur Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, 2003, and the ichthyopterygian Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. In this bed, reptilian taxa characterized by suction feeding appeared, and most are less than 1 m long. This bed corresponds to a period of decreasing water depth.     

长江中下游成矿带深部找矿思路探讨

长江中下游成矿带的探明资源已开采殆尽,深部找矿（-500--2000m）应是当务之急。根据勘查与开采资料的综合研究,该区的控矿条件可概括为：岩石圈减薄事件是成矿作用的重要前提,燕山期强烈的构造-岩浆活动是区域成矿的主要关键,地表断裂构造样式是深部构造的响应,前陆盆地沉积建造是成矿作用的优越围岩条件,铁、铜矿床的岩浆岩蚀变特点明显不同,埃达克质岩可视为找铜矿床的间接标志。对于今后深部找矿提出4个思路：①火山岩盆地下部的深部找矿思路;②目标地层的深部找矿思路;③复合类型矿床的深部找矿思路;④接触带“多台阶”的深部找矿思路。