南黄海千里岩岛榴辉岩变质演化P-T-t轨迹及其构造意义

南黄海千里岩岛榴辉岩对进一步深入完善大别-苏鲁造山带的研究具有重要意义.岩相学和矿物学研究显示榴辉岩主要经历了俯冲进变质(Ⅰ)、峰期榴辉岩相变质(Ⅱ)、角闪岩相退变质(Ⅲ)和绿片岩相退变质(Ⅳ)阶段.各阶段的温压条件分别为: Ⅱ阶段T=806.3 ℃, P=3.32 GPa; Ⅲ阶段T=658.68 ℃, P=0.78 GPa; Ⅳ阶段T＜550 ℃, P＜0.3 GPa.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年指示千里岩榴辉岩的原岩形成于新元古代(约747±19 Ma), 超高压变质作用发生在早三叠世(约241.1±1.5 Ma), 角闪岩相退变质发生在三叠纪末(约205.8 Ma).在此基础上, 建立了千里岩岛榴辉岩的P-T-t演化轨迹, 反映出榴辉岩经历了2个折返阶段.这一P-T-t轨迹整体上与苏鲁地区榴辉岩类似, 指示该区所在的千里岩隆起区是苏鲁造山带在海区的延伸.      

淮南丁集矿地表移动和变形规律分析

淮南丁集矿井1262(1)工作面为该矿-826m水平西一采区首采工作面,地质条件特殊(如深厚松散含水层和大采深),且地表移动变形规律研究得较少。因此,为了研究该矿地表移动变形规律,在1262(1)工作面建立地表移动观测站。以实测数据为基础,结合概率积分法获得了在该地质采矿条件下地表移动的相关参数。结果表明:地表下沉系数为1.16;起动距为1/7～1/6倍的平均采深;超前影响距为380m。在此基础上,计算出该矿的地表最大下沉速度及最大下沉速度滞后角分别为Vmax=21.9 mm/d和φ后=77.2°,表明在该地质采矿条件下,该矿的地表移动剧烈、地表下沉速度较快、起动距偏小等特点。在对综合移动角理论公式推导的基础上,获得了矿区综合移动角的误差值,并得出了矿区综合移动角经验值,对指导矿山开采具有一定的实际意义。     

卫星信号仿真电离层闪烁模型研究

电离层闪烁会导致地空无线电信号产生随机起伏,影响各种地空信息系统的工作性能.为了满足电离层闪烁影响效应评估的应用需求,建立了一个卫星信号电离层闪烁模型.该模型是在对闪烁信号衰落特性进行统计分析的基础上建立的,它将信道函数分为直接分量和随机多径成分两部分.模型可根据输入的电离层闪烁指数和去相关时间仿真出信号振幅和相位的变化,并可直接嵌入到各类卫星信号模拟器中,用于卫星导航、卫星通信等系统的衰落信道仿真.     

A Multi‐Grid Method of High Accuracy Surface Modeling and Its Validation

A method of high accuracy surface modeling (HASM) has been constructed to find a solution for error problems that had long troubled surface modeling in geographical information systems (GIS). It is found that when a preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) algorithm is used to solve the large sparse linear system, which HASM can be transferred into, HASM performs best in terms of simulation compared with all other algorithms. But its computing speed is not fast enough for all applications. A multi‐grid method is introduced into HASM to try to shorten its computing time. Both numerical and real‐world tests demonstrate that there is a range of stop error (SE). The multi‐grid method of HASM (HASM‐MG) greatly increases computing speed when SEs are within this range, compared with the PCG algorithm of HASM (HASM‐PCG). HASM‐MG is suitable for applications with a need for less accuracy and a shorter computing time. HASM‐PCG is appropriate for issues needing higher accuracy. HASM‐MG performs better than HASM‐PCG in flat areas, while HASM‐PCG does better in complex terrainm in terms of accuracy and computing time.     

毛乌素沙地南缘半固定沙丘风沙输移物特征

通过连续动态观测,获取毛乌素沙地南缘典型半固定沙丘表面风沙输移物,测量了风沙活动中不同沙丘部位的风蚀深度,并对风沙输移物及其养分进行了初步分析。结果表明:风沙活动期间沙丘顶部的风蚀深度最大,沙丘迎风坡次之,而丘间地的风蚀深度最小;沙丘顶部和迎风坡的输移物以中沙和细沙为主,养分含量较低,丘间地颗粒较细且养分含量较高;土壤养分含量与颗粒大小存在显著的负相关关系。迎风坡和丘顶处在风蚀亚环境而难以被植被固定,进而加速了风蚀过程;丘间地风沙活动较弱,风积物中养分含量较高的细颗粒物质促进了植被的发育,因而减弱了局地风速。     

Tempo-spatial variation of nutrient and chlorophyll-α concentrations from summer to winter in the Zhangzi Island Area (Northern Yellow Sea)

Nutrient and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations were investigated monthly along three transects extending from a mariculture area to open waters around the Zhangzi Island area from July to December 2009. The objective of this study is to illustrate food availability to the bottom-sowed scallop Patinopecten yessoensis under the influences of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM), freshwater input and feedbacks of cultivated scallops. Significant thermal stratification was present in open waters from July to October, and salinity decreased in July and August in surface layers in the mariculture area. Nutrient concentrations increased with depth in both areas in summer, but were similar through water column in November and December. On average, nutrient increased from summer to autumn in all components except ammonia. Nutrient concentrations lower than the minimum thresholds for phytoplankton growth were present only in upper layers in summer, but stoichiometric nitrogen limitation existed in the entire investigation period. Column-averaged Chl-a concentration was lower in open waters than in mariculture area in all months. It increased significantly in mariculture area in August and October, and was less variable in open waters. Our results show that nutrients limitation to phytoplankton growth is present mainly in upper layer in association with stratification caused by YSCWM in summer. Freshwater input and upwelling of nutrients accumulated in YSCWM can stimulate phytoplankton production in mariculture area. Farming activities may change stoichiometric nutrient ratios but have less influence on Chl-a concentration.     

斜坡浅埋水平条形锚板抗拔承载力的极限分析

针对山区和丘陵等复杂地形下浅埋锚板抗拔承载力计算问题,基于极限分析上限定理、非线性Mohr-Coulomb强度准则及其关联流动法则,构造了斜坡浅埋水平条形锚板的曲线型破裂机制和机动许可速度场,采用变分极值原理获得了其上方土体破裂面方程和抗拔承载力的上限解,分析了斜坡倾角和锚板埋深对锚板抗拔承载力的影响。结果表明:随着斜坡倾角的增大,锚板抗拔承载力逐渐减小,此时其上方两侧土体破裂面不再对称且整体向下坡侧偏移;锚板抗拔承载力及其上方两侧土体破裂面宽度均随着埋深增大而增加;锚板埋深越小,斜坡倾角对其抗拔承载力的影响越大,应在计算中予以考虑,以更合理地反映斜坡浅埋水平条形锚板的抗拔承载特性。     

地磁室内定位基准图数据采集系统设计

近年来,地磁作为室内定位基准已经成为热点研究领域。本文深入研究了地磁室内定位技术,并通过大量试验,分析了室内磁性材料及电子设备对磁场的干扰,进一步探究了室内磁场特性,证明了磁场信息作为定位依据的可行性;利用Arduino IDE研发了智能地磁数据采集平台,该平台搭载多种传感器,如HMC5983磁传感器和惯性导航传感器等,采集一定密度的室内地磁数据,利用克里金法对该地磁数据进行差值处理,生成2 cm间隔大小的栅格地磁图,作为室内定位基准图保存在数据库中。     

西藏狮泉河地区晚侏罗世中性侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义

侵位于狮泉河结合带南缘和结合带南侧古生代地层的晚白垩世侵入岩中,解体出一套中性侵入岩,呈岩珠、岩枝状产出,主要岩石类型为石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩,其中石英闪长岩和英云闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为157.3±1.5 Ma(MSWD=0.96)和159.3±3.7 Ma(MSWD=2.30),指示岩浆活动时间为晚侏罗世牛津期。该岩体Si O2含量在59.65%~64.57%之间,K2O为1.95%~2.69%之间,Na2O为1.97%~3.42%,K2O/Na2O在0.74~1.29之间,P2O5为0.085%~0.139%之间,Al2O3为13.63%~15.68%之间,A/CNK为0.89~1.07,属于准铝质—弱过铝质花岗岩。岩石稀土元素总量(∑REE)为107.37×10-6~148.33×10-6,LREE/HREE在6.77~9.67之间,轻重稀土分异程度强,δEu为0.63~0.84,铕略具负异常;在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,富Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素(LILE)而亏损Nb、Ta、Ti和P等高场强元素(HFSE),具有岛弧钙碱性岩浆的地球化学性质。从岩石学、岩石地球化学特征研究表明,该时期岩石显示同源岩浆演化的特征,具有典型I型花岗岩特征,形成于板块俯冲下的岛弧环境。表明狮泉河一带在晚侏罗世已经存在俯冲型花岗岩,研究认为该时期岩浆活动很可能是狮泉河洋盆北缘(北亚带)持续扩张时,向南缘(南亚带)及中冈底斯带北缘俯冲的产物。     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵富硼岩系中硅硼镁铝矿-柱晶石-电气石矿物的硼同位素组成及其意义

东南极拉斯曼丘陵地区麻粒岩相岩石中出露一套罕见的含硅硼镁铝矿-柱晶石-电气石矿物组合的富硼岩系.由于高级变质作用已使原岩的性质难以确定,变质原岩及其形成环境的恢复变得十分困难,而硼同位素组成则可以作为判定硼来源的有效示踪剂和指相标志.报道了东南极拉斯曼丘陵硅硼镁铝矿-柱晶石-电气石富硼岩系的硼同位素组成资料,其δ11B值变化范围为-12.0‰～-34.6‰,硼同位素的低比值和其他地质证据表明,其原岩为非海相蒸发硼酸盐岩.