天鹅座X-1硬X射线的能量谱

1985年9月22日,我们用空间硬X射线望远镜HAPI-2,在我国的高空气球上,对天鹅座X-1进行了观测,望远镜几何面积为140cm~2,观测能区20—200keV,空间定向精度±0.2°。获得的硬X射线能谱陡,总辐射能流LX～1.0×1~(37)erg/sec,低于常规态。本文将介绍望远镜的性能和观测过程,能谱分析的结果,并对当时天鹅座X-1可能的“态”进行讨论。     

�ռ�Բ�������ⷽ�������ݴ���

???????????????????????????????????:λ????????????????????λ?????????????????????????????????;??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3????????????:???????????????????????????????????????÷??????н?????????     

儿童地理学视角下的留守儿童研究述评

文章通过梳理在WOS（Web Of Science）核心数据集、谷歌学术、中国知网（CNKI）等平台筛选出的较高引用率、方法比较规范、与留守儿童主题相关性强的国内外文献159篇,从理论层面总结了儿童地理学研究的新转向：关注儿童与空间的关系,强调儿童在空间使用中的主体性,重视不同情境下儿童地理体验的差异性。并梳理了跨国迁移背景下留守儿童的3个研究主题：从空间视角探讨留守儿童的日常生活实践;从主体性出发探讨儿童在迁移链中的体验;在童年的差异性基础上讨论本土儿童的问题。同时从问题视角和积极视角分析了国内城乡迁移背景下留守儿童的研究主题,指出因现有研究范式中的经验主义和成人中心主义而存在的局限性。尝试勾勒出符合中国情境的留守儿童研究新范式,提出留守儿童的日常生活空间,留守儿童的能动性、异质性和多样性是国内留守儿童研究亟需关注的内容。呼吁学者采用历时和动态的研究设计,充分展现儿童如何理解、体验和应对复杂的流动背景下的日常生活。     

Recent star-forming activity in local elliptical galaxies

The formation and evolution of elliptical galaxies (EGs) are still an open question. In particular, recent observations suggest that EGs are not only simple spheroidal systems of old stars. In this paper, we analyse a sample of EGs selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in order to study the star-forming activity in local EGs. Among these 487 ellipticals, we find that 13 EGs show unambiguous evidence of recent star formation activity betrayed by conspicuous nebular emission lines. Using the evolutionary stellar population synthesis models and Lick absorption line indices, we derive stellar ages, metallicities and α-element abundances, and thus reconstruct the star formation and chemical evolution history of the star-forming elliptical galaxies (SFEGs) in our sample.
We find that SFEGs have relative younger stellar population age, higher metallicity and lower stellar mass, and that their star formation history can be well described by a recent minor and short starburst superimposed on old stellar component. We also detect 11 E+A galaxies whose stellar population properties are closer to those of quiescent (normal) ellipticals than to star-forming ones. However, from the analysis of their absorption line indices, we note that our E+A galaxies show a significant fraction of intermediate-age stellar populations, remarkably different from the quiescent galaxies. This might suggest an evolutionary link between E+As and star-forming ellipticals. Finally, we confirm the relations between age, metallicity, α-element abundance and stellar mass for local EGs.     

Hydrothermal plume mapping as a prospecting tool for seafloor sulfide deposits: a case study at the Zouyu-1 and Zouyu-2 hydrothermal fields in the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Seafloor hydrothermal polymetallic sulfide deposits are a new type of resource, with great potential economic value and good prospect development. This paper discusses turbidity, oxidation–reduction potential, and temperature anomalies of hydrothermal plumes from the Zouyu-1 and Zouyu-2 hydrothermal fields on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. We use the known location of these vent fields and plume data collected in multiple years (2009, 2011, 2013) to demonstrate how real-time plume exploration can be used to locate active vent fields, and thus associated sulfide deposits. Turbidity anomalies can be detected 10 s of km from an active source, but the location precision is no better than a few kilometers because fine-grained particles are quasi-conservative over periods of many days. Temperature and oxidation–reduction potential anomalies provide location precision of a few hundred meters. Temperature anomalies are generally weak and difficult to reliably detect, except by chance encounters of a buoyant plume. Oxidation–reduction potential is highly sensitive (nmol concentrations of reduced hydrothermal chemicals) to discharges of all temperatures and responds immediately to a plume encounter. Real-time surveys using continuous tows of turbidity and oxidation–reduction potential sensors offer the most efficient and precise surface ship exploration presently possible.     

Strain and culture medium optimization for production enhancement of prodiginines from marine-derived Streptomyces sp. GQQ-10

A mutant (GQQ-M6) of a Sponge-Derived streptomyces sp. GQQ-10 obtained by UV-induced mutation was used for producing prodiginines (PGs). Single factor experiments and orthogonal array design (OAD) methods were employed for medium optimization. In the single factor method, the effects of soluble starch, glucose, soybean flour, yeast extract and sodium acetate on PGs production were investigated individually. In the subsequent OAD experiments, the concentrations of these 5 key nutritional components combined with salinity were further adjusted. The mutant strain GQQ-M6 gave a 2.2-fold higher PGs production than that of the parent strain; OAD experiments offered a PGs yield of 61mg L-1, which was 10 times higher than that of the initial GQQ-10 strain under the original cultivation mode.     

Effect of Fe2+ ions on polarization behavior of X60 steel in CO2 saturated salty water

The effects of ferrous ions on cathodic and anodic polarization behavior of the X60 steel in CO₂ saturated salty water were studied by potentio-dynamic polarization method. The results show that the reducing current peak of cathodic polarization is affected significantly if FeCl₂ is added to the salty solution of controlled pH, but not the anodic polarization. It is considered that the ferrous ions accelerate the formation of a protective ferrous carbonate film. Films formed by addition of ferrous ions and those formed by ferrous ions produced from steel corrosion have the same forming mechanism. The former can fully meet the formative condition of the film and can play the role of inhibitor.     

The Performance of MEFOS, the ESO Multi-Object Fibre Spectrograph

We are describing a new multi-fibre positioner, MEFOS, that was in generaluse at the La Silla Observatory, and implemented at the prime focus of theESO 3.6 m telescope. It is an arm positioner using 29 arms in a one degreefield. Each arm is equipped with an individual viewing system for accuratesetting and carries two spectroscopic fibres, one for the astronomical objectand the other one for the sky recording needed for sky subtraction. Thespectral fibres intercept 2.5 arcsec on the sky and run from the prime focusto the Cassegrain, where the B&C spectrograph is located. Afterdescribing the observational procedure, we present the first scientificresults.     

Enhanced Star Formation in Seyfert 2 Galaxies

In this paper, we report our preliminary results on enhanced star formation activity in Seyfert 2 galaxies. By re-analysing the Tully-Fisher relation for Whittle's (1992) sample and for a Seyfert 2s' sample selecting from Veron-Cetty and Veron (1996), we find that (1) almost all Seyfert 2 galaxies with circumnuclear star formation have a ratio of far infrared (FIR) to blue luminosities (L_FIR/L_B) to be larger than 1/3; (2) for Seyfert 2 galaxies with L_FIR/L_B > 1/3, the Tuly-Fisher relation is similar to that of the normal spiral galaxies; while for those with L_FIR/L_B ≥ 1/3, they are significantly different from the normal ones, which confirms Whittle's suggestion of enhanced star formation activities in the circumnuclear regions of these Seyfert 2 galaxies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The bulk kinetic power of radio jets in active galactic nuclei

Based on the Königl's inhomogeneous jet model, we estimate the jet parameters, such as bulk Lorentz factor Γ, viewing angle θ and electron number density n _e from radio very long-baseline interferometry and X-ray data for a sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) assuming that the X-rays are from the jet rather than the intracluster gas. The bulk kinetic power of jets is then calculated using the derived jet parameters. We find a strong correlation between the total luminosity of broad emission lines and the bulk kinetic power of the jets. This result supports the scenario that the accretion process is tightly linked with the radio jets, though how the disc and jet are coupled is not revealed by present correlation analysis. Moreover, we find a significant correlation between the bulk kinetic power and radio extended luminosity. This implies that the emission from the radio lobes is closely related with the energy flux transported through jets from the central part of AGNs.