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181.
Stefania Puce Giorgio Bavestrello Cristina Gioia Di Camillo & Ferdinando Boero 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(3):313-326
Marine hydroids are markedly seasonal in temperate seas, being extremely sensitive to climatic changes disrupting seasonal patterns. Modifications in the composition, seasonality, bathymetric distribution and reproductive period of hydroid assemblages are useful to evaluate the influence of global warming on the marine ecosystem. The hydroids on the rocky cliff of the Portofino Promontory (Ligurian Sea, Italy) were carefully studied between 1976 and 1983; in particular, in 1980 the study was carried out along a vertical transect. The hydroids were sampled again throughout 2004, with the same techniques and along the same transect. Species diversity decreased slightly in the 2004 survey. Some species present in 1980 had disappeared in 2004, but other species with southern affinity, never recorded from the area, became abundant in 2004. Species that were present in summer in the first period were also present in winter in the second one. Furthermore, shallow summer species widened their bathymetric distribution, reaching deeper levels. These data strongly suggest that the Portofino hydroid assemblage reacted to the water temperature increase found in the Mediterranean Sea. 相似文献
182.
183.
Christian Ferrarin Georg Umgiesser Marco Bajo Debora Bellafiore Francesca De Pascalis Michol Ghezzo Giorgio Mattassi Isabella Scroccaro 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
The hydraulic regime-based zonation scheme of the Lagoons of Marano and Grado (Italy) has been derived by means of numerical models. A finite element modelling system has been used to describe the water circulation taking in account different forces such as tide, wind and rivers. The model has been validated by comparing the simulation results against measured water levels, salinity and water temperature data collected in several stations inside the lagoons. The analysis of water circulation, salinity and spatial distribution of passive tracers released at the inlets, led to a physically-based division of the lagoons system into six subbasins. The derived classification scheme is of crucial value for understanding the renewal capacity and pollutants distribution patterns in the lagoon. 相似文献
184.
Giorgio Socal Francesco Acri Mauro Bastianini Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry Franco Bianchi Daniele Cassin Joan Coppola Amelia De Lazzari Vinko Bandelj Gianpiero Cossarini Cosimo Solidoro 《Marine Ecology》2008,29(4):449-468
This paper reports on the main biogeochemical properties of the Northern Adriatic Sea in the period May 2003–November 2006 within the framework of the European program INTERREG III Italy‐Slovenia. Spatial and temporal distributions of water density, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and silicon) and chlorophyll a are presented. Multivariate methods such as fuzzy k‐means, self‐organising maps and cluster analysis were used to identify the different water masses and to characterise the temporal and spatial variability of the main biogeochemical features present in the area. The results confirm that the Po River outflows and the meteorological forcing factors are the main components triggering the alternation of stratification and mixing of the water column and that strongly affect the trophic state of the basin. In general, oligotrophic conditions dominate, and were more pronounced offshore, but mesotrophy occurred episodically in May 2004 and July 2005, when phytoplankton blooms were observed concomitant with vertical stability of the water column. A marked interannual variability was also observed, supporting the importance of maintaining long‐term observations of the basin. 相似文献
185.
186.
This study presents sand activation depth (SAD) measurements recently obtained on two contrasting beaches located along the Atlantic coast of France: the gently sloping, high-energy St Trojan beach where wave incidence is usually weak, and the steep, low-energy Arçay Sandspit beach where waves break at highly oblique angles. Comparisons between field measurements and predictions from existing formulae show good agreement for St Trojan beach but underestimate the SAD on the Arçay Sandspit beach by 40–60%. Such differences suggest a strong influence of wave obliquity on SAD. To verify this hypothesis, the relative influence of wave parameters was investigated by means of numerical modelling. A quasi-linear increase of SAD with wave height was confirmed for shore-normal and slightly oblique wave conditions, and a quasi-linear increase in SAD with wave obliquity was also revealed. Combining the numerical results with previously published relations, both a new semi-empirical and an empirical formula for the prediction of SAD were developed which showed good SAD predictions under conditions of oblique wave breaking. The new empirical formula for the prediction of SAD (Z 0) takes into account the significant wave height (H s), the beach face slope (β) and the wave angle at breaking (α), and is of the form $ Z_{0} = 1.6\tan {\left( \beta \right)}H^{{0.5}}_{{\text{s}}} {\sqrt {1 + \sin {\left( {2\alpha } \right)}} } This study presents sand activation depth (SAD) measurements recently obtained on two contrasting beaches located along the
Atlantic coast of France: the gently sloping, high-energy St Trojan beach where wave incidence is usually weak, and the steep,
low-energy Ar?ay Sandspit beach where waves break at highly oblique angles. Comparisons between field measurements and predictions
from existing formulae show good agreement for St Trojan beach but underestimate the SAD on the Ar?ay Sandspit beach by 40–60%.
Such differences suggest a strong influence of wave obliquity on SAD. To verify this hypothesis, the relative influence of
wave parameters was investigated by means of numerical modelling. A quasi-linear increase of SAD with wave height was confirmed
for shore-normal and slightly oblique wave conditions, and a quasi-linear increase in SAD with wave obliquity was also revealed.
Combining the numerical results with previously published relations, both a new semi-empirical and an empirical formula for
the prediction of SAD were developed which showed good SAD predictions under conditions of oblique wave breaking. The new
empirical formula for the prediction of SAD (Z
0) takes into account the significant wave height (H
s), the beach face slope (β) and the wave angle at breaking (α), and is of the form . The use of a dataset from the literature demonstrates the predictive skill of these new formulae for a wide range of wave
heights, wave incidence and beach gradients. 相似文献
187.
The effect of Dauphiné twinning on plastic strain in quartz 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Luca Menegon Sandra Piazolo Giorgio Pennacchioni 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,161(4):635-652
We present an electron backscatter diffraction analysis of five quartz porphyroclasts in a greenschist facies (T = 300–400°C) granitoid protomylonite from the Arolla unit of the NW Alps. Mechanical Dauphiné twinning developed pervasively
during the incipient stage of deformation within two porphyroclasts oriented with a negative rhomb plane {z} almost orthogonal
to the compression direction (z-twin orientation). Twinning was driven by the anisotropy in the elastic compliance of quartz and resulted in the alignment
of the poles of the planes of the more compliant positive rhomb {r} nearly parallel to the compression direction (r-twin orientation). In contrast, we report the lack of twinning in two porphyroclasts already oriented with one of the {r}
planes orthogonal to the compression direction. One twinned porphyroclast has been investigated with more detail. It shows
the localization of much of the plastic strain into discrete r-twins as a consequence of the higher amount of elastic strain energy stored by r-twins in comparison to z-twins. The presence of Dauphiné twins induced a switch in the dominant active slip systems during plastic deformation, from
basal <a> (regions without twinning) to {π} and {π′} <a> (pervasively twinned regions). Dynamic recrystallization is localized
along an r-twin and occurred dominantly by progressive subgrain rotation, with a local component of bulging recrystallization. Part
of the recrystallized grains underwent rigid-body rotation, approximately about the bulk vorticity axis, which accounts for
the development of large misorientation angles. The recrystallized grain size piezometer for quartz yields differential stress
of 100 MPa. The comparison of this palaeostress estimate with literature data suggests that mechanical Dauphiné twinning could
have a potential use as palaeopiezometer in quartz-bearing rocks. 相似文献
188.
Giorgio Strano 《Experimental Astronomy》2009,25(1-3):17-31
In the summer of 1609, Galileo Galilei started to improve upon the Dutch spyglass. Only a few months were needed to increase the magnifying power of the instrument up to 30 times. This transformation allowed Galileo to perform astronomical observations destined to change the traditional Universe. At present, the Institute and Museum of History of Science of Florence is conducting a research programme on the lenses of early telescopes. Historical research is combined with scientific analyses conducted by the National Institute of Applied Optics in Arcetri, the National Institute of Nuclear Physics in Florence, and the Glass Experimental Station in Murano. The shape and composition of the lenses are studied by applying different techniques. Moreover, the composition of early lenses and scientific glass objects are compared. Finally, Galileo’s observations are checked with an optical replica of Galileo’s telescope held at the Astrophysical Observatory in Arcetri. 相似文献
189.
Stefano Bianchi Marco Chiaberge Enrico Piconcelli Matteo Guainazzi Giorgio Matt 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,386(1):105-110
We analyse Chandra , XMM–Newton and Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) data of the double-nucleus Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy (ULIRG), Mrk 463. The Chandra detection of two luminous ( L 2–10 keV = 1.5 × 1043 and 3.8 × 1042 erg cm−2 s−1 ) , unresolved nuclei in Mrk 463 indicates that this galaxy hosts a binary active galactic nucleus (AGN), with a projected separation of ≃3.8 kpc ( 3.83 ± 0.01 arcsec). While the East nucleus was already known to be a type 2 Seyfert (and this is further confirmed by our Chandra detection of a neutral iron line), this is the first unambiguous evidence in favour of the AGN nature of the West nucleus. Mrk 463 is therefore the clearest case so far for a binary AGN, after NGC 6240. 相似文献
190.
Modelling the long‐term deformation of the sedimentary substrate of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy)
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This study investigates in detail the deformation events that have affected the sedimentary successions forming the substrate of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy). Based on the geometric reconstruction of a buried sedimentary marker, we have been able to identify and quantify the effects of three different mechanisms of deformation that have affected the area in the last 600 ka. Numerical results from Finite Element Method (FEM) applied to model viscoelastic deformation suggest the occurrence of a crustal doming process originating at the mantle‐crust transition (~16 km). We propose that the source of deformation is related to the diapiric uprise of hydrothermal material originating in altered ocean‐like crust and its emplacement at a shallower level in the crust. This process has great relevance in the volcanic system and should be considered for the full assessment of its origin and evolution. 相似文献