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21.
Abhijit Ghosh Biswas Debasish Hazra Pranab Guha Gautam De S. S. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2019,59(8):980-994
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Discrete spectra of frequencies at 8, 14, 20, 26, … Hz are generated by electromagnetic emission from lightning sources and can be regarded as excitation of AC... 相似文献
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In a fluvial system, depending on sub‐aerial exposure, non‐pedogenic pond calcretes can be modified into pedogenic calcretes. The present study attempts to understand the effect of sub‐aerial exposure and pedogenesis on calcretes using carbon and oxygen isotopic composition. For this purpose, two profiles (profile‐A and profile‐B) from the same stratigraphic level in Rayka from the western part of India were selected. The profiles are separated by a distance of 500 m and showed differences in calcrete characteristics. In profile‐A, the calcretes showed pedogenic features (root traces and void filling spar) whereas calcretes in profile‐B showed non‐pedogenic characteristics (fine laminations). However, some of the calcretes in profile‐A exhibited remnants of fine laminations suggesting that initially the calcretes had a non‐pedogenic origin but were modified due to pedogenesis. In profile‐A, the carbon and oxygen isotope values of pedogenic calcrete (δ13CPC and δ18OPC) showed more variation compared with non‐pedogenic pond calcretes (δ13CSPC and δ18OSPC) in profile‐B. The δ13CPC and δ13CSPC values exhibited a spread of 3·0‰ and 1·3‰, respectively, and δ18OPC and δ18OSPC values showed a spread of 2·3‰ and 1·3‰, respectively. The differences in the isotopic composition between the two profiles suggest that pedogenesis controlled the isotopic inheritance in calcretes. In addition, the carbon isotopic composition of organic matter (δ13COM) and n‐alkanes (δ13Cn‐alk) that forms the basis of palaeovegetational reconstruction have also been measured to understand the effect of pedogenesis on organic matter in both of the profiles. The average δ13COM values in profile‐A and profile‐B are ?23·4‰ and ?21·1‰, respectively. The disparity in δ13COM values is a result of the difference in the sources and preservation of organic matter. However, the δ13Cn‐alk values show a similar trend in profile‐A and profile‐B, indicating that sources of n‐alkanes are the same in both of the profiles and δ13Cn‐alk values are unaffected by the pedogenic modifications. 相似文献
24.
Subrata Kumar Majumder Kamal ChandnaDhiren Sankar De Gautam Kundu 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006
Experiments were carried out to investigate the rheological properties of coal–oil–water suspension containing solids of different sizes. Two different coal samples with mean particle sizes of 120 mesh, 175 mesh and 220 mesh were used. The coal concentration was varied from 5% to 25% by weight. Sodium silicate has been used as an additive to study the behavior of the variation of average viscosity of the suspension. A generalized correlation has been developed to predict the average viscosity of suspension in terms of particle diameter of the coal, concentration of coal, viscosity of the suspending medium and the concentration of water. Experimental investigations revealed that coal–oil–water suspensions show an increase in the viscosity with decrease in coal size but with the addition of an additive, the average viscosity tends to decrease initially up to a certain optimum dosages and thereafter it increases with further addition of additives. Two empirical correlations are proposed for average viscosity of the coal–oil–water suspension, μsL in terms of physical properties of the solid and viscosity of the suspending medium with and without additives. 相似文献
25.
This paper reports the occurrence of thorite and confirms the earlier find of radioactive zircon by Subbarao, Murali and others
from syenite pegmatite in the Vinayakapuram-Kunavaram alkaline belt in the Khammam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Thorite
has also been found as residual concentrations in soil overlying the pegmatite. 相似文献
26.
Generation of Deccan Trap magmas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gautam Sen 《Journal of Earth System Science》2001,110(4):409-431
Deccan Trap magmas may have erupted through multiple centers, the most prominent of which may have been a shield volcano-like
structure in the Western Ghats area. The lavas are predominantly tholeiitic; alkalic mafic lavas and carbonatites are rare.
Radioisotope dating, magnetic chronology, and age constraints from paleontology indicate that although the eruption started
some 68 Ma, the bulk of lavas erupted at around 65–66 Ma. Paleomagnetic constraints indicate an uncertainty of ± 500,000 years
for peak volcanic activity at 65 m.y. in the type section of the Western Ghats. Maximum magma residence times were calculated
in this study based on growth rates of “giant plagioclase” crystals in lavas that marked the end phase of volcanic activity
of different magma chambers. These calculations suggest that the > 1.7 km thick Western Ghats section might have erupted within
a much shorter time interval of ∼ 55,000 years, implying phenomenal eruption rates that are orders of magnitude larger than
any present-day eruption rate from any tectonic environment. Other significant observations/conclusions are as follows: (1)
Deccan lavas can be grouped into stratigraphic subdivisions based on their geochemistry; (2) While some formations are relatively
uncontaminated others are strongly contaminated by the continental crust; (3) Deccan magmas were produced by 15–30% melting
of a Fe-rich lherzolitic source at ∼ 3–2 GPa; (4) Parent magmas of the relatively uncontaminated Ambenali formation had a
primitive composition with 16%MgO, 47%SiO2; (5) Deccan magmas were generated much deeper and by significantly more melting than other continental flood basalt provinces;
(6) The erupted Deccan tholeiitic lavas underwent fractionation and magma mixing at ∼ 0.2 GPa. The composition and origin
of the crust and crust/mantle boundary beneath the Deccan are discussed with respect to the influence of Deccan magmatic episode. 相似文献
27.
Devendraa Siingh R. P. Singh Ashok K. Singh M. N. Kulkarni A. S. Gautam Abhay K. Singh 《Surveys in Geophysics》2011,32(6):659-703
The physics of solar forcing of the climate and long term climate change is summarized, and the role of energetic charged
particles (including cosmic rays) on cloud formation and their effect on climate is examined. It is considered that the cosmic
ray-cloud cover hypothesis is not supported by presently available data and further investigations (during Forbush decreases
and at other times) should be analyzed to further examine the hypothesis. Another player in climate is lightning through the
production of NOx; this greenhouse gas, water vapour in the troposphere (and stratosphere) and carbon dioxide influence the global temperature
through different processes. The enhancement of aerosol concentrations and their distribution in the troposphere also affect
the climate and may result in enhanced lightning activity. Finally, the roles of atmospheric conductivity on the electrical
activity of thunderstorms and lightning discharges in relation to climate are discussed. 相似文献
28.
Application of Remote Sensing in Flood Management with Special Reference to Monsoon Asia: A Review 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
The conventional means to record hydrological parameters of aflood often fail to record an extreme event. Remote sensingtechnology along with geographic information system (GIS)has become the key tool for flood monitoring in recent years.Development in this field has evolved from optical to radarremote sensing, which has provided all weather capabilitycompared to the optical sensors for the purpose of flood mapping.The central focus in this field revolves around delineation of floodzones and preparation of flood hazard maps for the vulnerable areas.In this exercise flood depth is considered crucial for flood hazardmapping and a digital elevation model (DEM) is considered to bethe most effective means to estimate flood depth from remotelysensed or hydrological data. In a flat terrain accuracy of floodestimation depends primarily on the resolution of the DEM. Riverflooding in the developing countries of monsoon Asia is very acutebecause of their heavy dependence on agriculture but any floodestimation or hazard mapping attempt in this region is handicappedby poor availability of high resolution DEMs. This paper presents areview of application of remote sensing and GIS in flood managementwith particular focus on the developing countries of Asia. 相似文献
29.
Gautam Mitra Kathakali Bhattacharyya Malay Mukul 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2010,75(1):289-301
Thrust duplexes account for large fractions of the total shortening in most fold-thrust belts (FTBs). They also provide an
efficient mechanism for transferring slip upward from the basal decollement and for transporting roof thrust sheets over long
distances. The Lesser Himalayan duplex (LHD) plays a prominent role in the overall evolution of the Himalayan FTB and has
been described from Garhwal-Kumaon to Bhutan. In Sikkim the LHD shows unique structural geometry and has been responsible
for transporting crystalline thrust sheets (MCT 1 and MCT 2) farther southward than other parts of the Himalaya. Such lateral
variations in LHD geometry imply variations in the kinematic history of the Lesser Himalaya and variations in shortening and
shortening history along the length of the Himalayan arc, and these are reflected in observable large scale structural patterns. 相似文献
30.