Diagnosis is performed of a thunderstorm rainstorm event occurring in the summer of 1996 at Nanjing and numerical simulation undertaken in the context of hydrostatic equilibrium framework of MM5 as the fifth version of the PSU/NCAR mesoscale model. Analyses show that the rainstorm-associated thermal condition was the accumulation of unstable potential energy and the dynamic condition was vigorous convergence updrafts. And the simulation within the hydrostatic framework indicates the significant role of latent heat release in the rainstorm occurrence: that even for a 30 km grid spacing horizontally of great importance to the successful modeling of the meso-p event was a convection parameterization scheme that led to less rainfall in our run based only on its explicit version but to the prediction in closer agreement with the observed when its implicit version was used in combination: for the thunderstorm-accompanied torrential rain. the Grell scheme was superior to the version of Kuo and the improved Arakawa-Schubert parameterization scheme (Grell 1993:Anthese and Kuo 1987; Arakawa and Scherbt 1974: Grell et al. 1991).Moreover, better results came from the simulation in the context of hydrostatic framework of the MM5 compared to those from the run within the nonhydrostatic equilibrium framework, a problem that awaits further efforts. 相似文献
Estuarine projects can change local topography and influence water transport and saltwater intrusion. The Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary is a multichannel estuary, and four major reclamation projects have been implemented in the Changjiang River estuary in recent years: the Xincun Shoal reclamation project (RP-XCS), the Qingcao Shoal reclamation project (RP-QCS), the Eastern Hengsha Shoal reclamation project (RP-EHS), and the Nanhui Shoal reclamation project (RP-NHS). The effects of the four reclamation projects and each project on the saltwater intrusion and water resources in the Changjiang River estuary were simulated in a 3D numerical model. Results show that for a multichannel estuary, local reclamation projects change the local topography and water diversion ratio (WDR) between channels and influence water and salt transport and freshwater utilization in the estuary. During spring tide, under the cumulative effect of the four reclamation projects, the salinity decreases by approximately 0.5 in the upper reaches of the North Branch and increases by 0.5–1.0 in the middle and lower reaches of the North Branch. In the North Channel, the salinity decreases by approximately 0.5. In the North Passage, the salinity increases by 0.5–1.0. In the South Passage, the salinity increases by approximately 0.5 in the upper reaches and decreases by 0.2–0.5 on the north side of the middle and lower reaches. During neap tide, the cumulative effects of the four reclamation projects and the individual projects are similar to those during spring tide, but there are some differences. The effects of an individual reclamation project on WDR and saltwater intrusion during spring and neap tides are simulated and analyzed in detail. The cumulative effect of the four reclamation projects favors freshwater usage in the Changjiang River estuary.
