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51.
52.
Robert L. Paris Jeffery D. Ray James R. Smith Debbie L. Boykin 《Natural Resources Research》2009,18(4):259-266
Protein and oil are the most important components of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and they have been shown to have an inverse relationship. As there is a growing demand for soybean oil-based
diesel as an alternative fuel source, a better understanding of the protein–oil inverse relationship in conjunction with seed
yield could be useful in determining the potential of soybean as a source of biodiesel. We retrospectively examined advanced
soybean breeding lines from multiple breeding programs across the southern USA to determine associations between protein and
oil and seed yield. The data analyzed were a subset of the Uniform Soybean Tests and consisted of 31 different soybean breeding
lines and four checks grown at 10 locations in 2000, six locations in 2001, and eight locations in 2002. A progressive multiple
regression analysis was used to develop a single equation describing seed yield over all entries, locations, and years as
a function of five traits: oil content, protein content, maturity, lodging, and plant height. From this equation, the optimum
plant type for maximum seed yield in the southern USA had either high oil (225 g kg−1) and low protein (385 g kg−1), or high protein (437 g kg−1) and low oil (190 g kg−1). Seed yield continues to be the dominant trait of selection in soybean breeding programs. This study demonstrates that high
yield can be achieved with either high protein or high oil. Hence, there is potential for maintaining yield while improving
soybean cultivars for oil production. Given the energy balance between fossil-derived and soy-derived diesel, if soy-based
biodiesel is to be a significant option, an increased focus on developing high-oil/high-yield soybean needs to occur. 相似文献
53.
Franck Lavigne Raphaël Paris Delphine Grancher Patrick Wassmer Daniel Brunstein Franck Vautier Frédéric Leone François Flohic Benjamin De Coster Taufik Gunawan Christopher Gomez Anggri Setiawan Rino Cahyadi Fachrizal 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2009,166(1-2):259-281
This paper presents the results from an extensive field data collection effort following the December 26, 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Banda Aceh, Sumatra. The data were collected under the auspices of TSUNARISQUE, a joint French-Indonesian program dedicated to tsunami research and hazard mitigation, which has been active since before the 2004 event. In total, data from three months of field investigations are presented, which detail important aspects of the tsunami inundation dynamics in Banda Aceh. These include measurements of runup, tsunami wave heights, flow depths, flow directions, event chronology and building damage patterns. The result is a series of detailed inundation maps of the northern and western coasts of Sumatra including Banda Aceh and Lhok Nga. Among the more important findings, we obtained consistent accounts that approximately ten separate waves affected the region after the earthquake; this indicates a high-frequency component of the tsunami wave energy in the extreme near-field. The largest tsunami wave heights were on the order of 35 m with a maximum runup height of 51 m. This value is the highest runup value measured in human history for a seismically generated tsunami. In addition, our field investigations show a significant discontinuity in the tsunami wave heights and flow depths along a line approximately 3 km inland, which the authors interpret to be the location of the collapse of the main tsunami bore caused by sudden energy dissipation. The propagating bore looked like a breaking wave from the landward side although it has distinct characteristics. Patterns of building damage are related to the location of the propagating bore with overall less damage to buildings beyond the line where the bore collapsed. This data set was built to be of use to the tsunami community for the purposes of calibrating and improving existing tsunami inundation models, especially in the analysis of extreme near-field events. 相似文献
54.
55.
Eleonora S. Carol Eduardo E. Kruse Jorge L. Pousa Alejandro R. Roig 《Hydrogeology Journal》2009,17(7):1727-1732
A well-known analytical solution of Jacob (1950) for groundwater flow due to tidal-wave propagation, together with field measurements along a complete tidal cycle and geological data, were used to evaluate the heterogeneities in the hydraulic properties of a phreatic aquifer located next to the River Ajo in the coastal plain environment of the southern sector of the Samborombon Bay wetland, Argentina. From the analysis of water-table fluctuations in a set of monitoring wells located along a riverbank-normal transect, it was possible to quantify the piecewise spatial variations of the hydraulic diffusivity of the phreatic aquifer. The results show the strong lateral variations of the sedimentary environment due to the influence of the different transport and deposition agents that characterize the coastal plain. The known thickness of the phreatic aquifer and the estimated range of the specific yield allowed the hydraulic conductivity to be identified as the most influential factor. [Jacob CE (1950) Flow of ground water. In: Rouse H (ed) Engineering Hydraulics. Wiley, New York] 相似文献
56.
中亚萨亚克大型铜矿田矽卡岩型铜成矿作用的年代学制约 总被引:3,自引:5,他引:3
萨亚克铜矿田是中亚成矿域巴尔喀什成矿带唯一的以矽卡岩型铜矿化为主的大型铜矿床,产在哈萨克斯坦的萨亚克复向斜内。铜矿田包括了几个在空间上相对独立的矽卡岩型铜矿床、斑岩型铜钼网状脉矿床和一系列石英脉型矿脉,构成了斑岩型和矽卡岩型两个端元形成的成矿系列,但以矽卡岩型为主。铜矿田花岗岩类岩石的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年,给出了两期与矽卡岩型铜成矿作用有关的深成岩浆作用的时代,早期的闪长岩结晶年龄为335±2Ma,晚期的花岗闪长岩结晶年龄为308±10Ma,反映了两期矽卡岩型铜成矿作用的年龄。结合成矿元素分析,认为早期335±2Ma为主要成矿期年龄,而308±10Ma为次要成矿期年龄。区域成矿时代的分析表明,主矽卡岩型成矿期先于区域的斑岩型铜成矿作用而发生,次要的矽卡岩型成矿期略晚于区域斑岩铜成矿期。花岗岩类岩石中的角闪石、黑云母、钾长石40Ar/39Ar测年结果进一步限定了矽卡岩型铜成矿作用的时代,分别给出冷却年龄为286.6±6.7Ma、306.6±2.9Ma和257±11Ma。4个花岗岩类岩石中的磷灰石裂变径迹测年和热历史模拟给出年龄范围为85.4±4.5Ma至66.9±4.1Ma,说明了矽卡岩型萨亚克铜矿田的剥露作用主要发生在晚白垩世晚期。本文花岗岩类岩石的U-Pb、40Ar/39Ar和裂变径迹热年代学研究,揭示了萨亚克铜矿田从深成的岩浆侵入活动、成矿作用、区域冷却到剥露作用的全过程。 相似文献
57.
本文在讨论中国东部现有构造演化模式基础上,着重从华北与华南地块之间板块尺度的动力学过程剖析秦岭-大别中生代造山带构造演化,以及大别-苏鲁超高压变质地体的形成和折返过程。晚二叠世-中三叠世华南地块向华北地块持续挤压,陆壳大规模俯冲导致超高压变质作用的产生,而华北地块在晚三叠世至早侏罗世发生快速逆时针旋转,使得这一地区上地幔深度的超高压变质地体快速折返至下地壳。由于超高压变质地体侵位后,地壳结构、构造的差异,在南北地块的进一步挤压下,造成中国东部晚侏罗世-早白垩世郯庐断裂带的巨大左行剪切。 相似文献
58.
哈萨克斯坦阿克斗卡特大型斑岩铜矿床成矿时代与剥露历史研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
哈萨克斯坦阿克斗卡特大型斑岩型铜矿床产在中亚成矿域巴尔喀什成矿带阿克斗卡矿田。本文根据花岗岩类岩石的锆石U-Pb、40Ar/39Ar和裂变径迹(FT)热年代学研究,结合前人研究成果,给出了阿克斗卡斑岩铜矿床从深成岩浆活动、成矿作用、区域冷却到剥露作用的全过程。阿克斗卡矿床及附近花岗岩类锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年结果,给出科尔达尔岩体早期英云闪长岩的结晶年龄为335.7±1.3Ma;主成矿期的含矿二长花岗斑岩结晶年龄为327.5±1.9Ma,反映了阿克斗卡矿床斑岩型铜成矿作用的年龄。花岗岩类角闪石、黑云母、钾长石40Ar/39Ar热年代学分别给出矿物冷却年龄为310.6Ma、271.5Ma和274.9Ma,进一步限定了深成斑岩型铜成矿作用的时代和区域冷却的历史。磷灰石FT测年数据揭示,受区域构造作用的影响,阿克斗卡铜矿田在晚白垩世(91~68.0Ma)发生地块的差异隆升和剥露作用。 相似文献
59.
Hydraulic visibility: Using satellite altimetry to parameterize a hydraulic model of an ungauged reach of a braided river 下载免费PDF全文
Pierre‐André Garambois Stéphane Calmant Hélène Roux Adrien Paris Jérôme Monnier Pascal Finaud‐Guyot Amanda Samine Montazem Joecila Santos da Silva 《水文研究》2017,31(4):756-767
What hydraulic information can be gained from remotely sensed observations of a river's surface? In this study, we analyze the relationship between river bed undulations and water surfaces for an ungauged reach of the Xingu River, a first‐order tributary of the Amazon river. This braided reach is crosscut more than 10 times by a ENVISAT (ENVironmental SATellite) track that extends over 100 km. Rating curves based on a modeled discharge series and altimetric measurements are used, including the zero‐flow depth Z 0 parameter, which describes river's bathymetry. River widths are determined from JERS (Japanese Earth Ressources Satellite) images. Hydrodynamic laws predict that irregularities in the geometry of a river bed produce spatial and temporal variations in the water level, as well as in its slope. Observation of these changes is a goal of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography satellite mission, which has a final objective of determining river discharge. First, the concept of hydraulic visibility is introduced, and the seasonality of water surface slope is highlighted along with different flow regimes and reach behaviors. Then, we propose a new single‐thread effective hydraulic approach for modeling braided rivers flows, based on the observation scales of current satellite altimetry. The effective hydraulic model is able to reproduce water surface elevations derived by satellite altimetry, and it shows that hydrodynamical signatures are more visible in areas where the river bed morphology varies significantly and for reaches with strong downstream control. The results of this study suggest that longitudinal variations of the slope might be an interesting criteria for the analysis of river segmentation into elementary reaches for the Surface Water Ocean Topography mission that will provide continuous measurements of the water surface elevations, the slopes, and the reach widths. 相似文献
60.
Alejandro Rodriguez‐Gonzalez Jose L. Fernandez‐Turiel Francisco J. Perez‐Torrado Alex Hansen Meritxell Aulinas Juan C. Carracedo Domingo Gimeno Hervé Guillou Raphaël Paris Martine Paterne 《第四纪科学杂志》2009,24(7):697-709
Previous published data, combined with our results of 13 new radiocarbon ages and extensive geological fieldwork, indicate that during the past 11 ka 24 monogenetic basaltic eruptions occurred in the north sector of Gran Canaria. These eruptions can be grouped into three periods of eruptive activity: 1900–3200 14C a BP; 5700–6000 14C a BP; and an older period represented by only one eruption, El Draguillo, dated at 10 610 ± 190 14C a BP. Archaeological studies have shown that the more recent eruptions affected prehistoric human settlements on the island. Field studies demonstrate that the eruptions typically built strombolian cones (30–250 m in height) and associated relatively long lava flows (100–10 350 m in length); a few eruptions also produced tephra fall deposits. The total erupted volume of these eruptions is about 0.388 km3 (46.1% as tephra fall, 41.8% as cinder cone deposits and 12.1% as lava flows). The relatively low eruption rate (~0.04 km3 ka?1) during the past 11 ka is consistent with Gran Canaria's stage of evolution in the regional volcano‐tectonic setting of the Canary Archipelago. The results of our study were used to construct a volcanic hazards map that clearly delimits two sectors in the NE sector of Gran Canaria, where potential future eruptions would pose a substantial risk for densely populated areas. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献