辽东半岛中生代岩浆活动与华北陆块去克拉通化

华北陆块是中国最大、最古老的克拉通(图la),像世界上其他古老克拉通一样,由上部古老地壳和下部厚的、冷的、耐熔的古老岩石圈地幔组成,自古元古代末东、西部陆块碰撞、拼合、克拉通化后直到奥陶纪,一直保持着相对稳定,缺乏强烈的岩浆、构造活动和显著的大陆地壳生长[1].然而,自古生代以来,随着岩石圈强烈减薄作用,在华北克拉通东部广泛发育强烈的构造、岩浆、成矿作用,形成大面积花岗岩(图1b)和火山岩[2].     

Geology of the Murcia Valley and Flood Plain Modifications in the Construction of the Circus Maximus,Rome, Italy

This paper presents a morphological and hydrogeological reconstruction of the Murcia Valley at the location of the great Roman stadium Circus Maximus in Rome. We reconstruct a valley segment using ERT (electrical resistivity tomography) and geoarchaeological drilling data that identified three main layers. The basal layer, with high resistivity values and convex shapes, is correlated to alluvial gravel and lithified silt‐clay sediments. The middle layer shows low‐to‐medium resistivity values extending to concavities between the basal convex shapes. The very low resistivity values of this middle layer characterize elliptical to circular morphologies and have been ascribed to the presence of water‐saturated clay‐silt and peaty sediments. The surface layer is characterized by widespread lateral inhomogeneity interpreted as anthropogenic fill. The data indicate a pre‐Roman anastomosed alluvial plain subsequently modified by human intervention. In an effort to reclaim the valley for construction of the Circus, the Romans utilized the natural topography and created a central embankment, later becoming the Spina, by filling depressions with sand taken from adjacent bars. Our study contributes to (1) knowledge of the pre‐Roman landscape, (2) understanding anthropogenic modification of the Murcia Valley flood plain, and (3) archaeological interpretation of the monument.