太平洋波高分布及变化规律研究

使用 Topex/ Poseidon卫星高度计 1 992年 1 0月～ 1 998年 1 2月连续 75个月 ,2 30个重复周期的有效波高资料对南北太平洋的有效波高进行了统计 ,分析了太平洋有效波高的多年平均、多年各月平均和多年各季平均的空间分布特征和时间变化规律。结果表明 ,太平洋波高分布具有明显季节变化的规律 ,与太平洋的风速分布特征具有良好的对应关系     

Three‐dimensional simulation of tsunami run‐up around conical island

At the circular Babi Island in the Flores tsunami (1992) and pear shaped island in the Okushiri event (1993), unexpectedly large tsunami run‐up heights in the lee of conic islands were observed. The flume and basin physical model studies were conducted in the Coastal Hydraulic Laboratory, Engineering Research and Development Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide a better understanding of the physical phenomena and verify numerical models used in predicting tsunami wave run‐up on beaches, islands, and vertical walls. Reasonably accurate comparison of run‐up height of solitary waves on a circular island has been obtained between laboratory experimental results and two‐dimensional computation model results. In this study we apply three‐dimensional RANS model to simulate wave run‐up on conical island. In the run‐up computation we obtain that 3D calculations are in very good comparison with laboratory and 2D numerical results. A close examination of the three‐dimensional velocity distribution around conical island to compare with depth‐integrated model is performed. It is shown that the velocity distribution along the vertical coordinate is not uniform: and velocity field is weaker in the bottom layer and higher on the sea surface. The maximum difference (about 40%) appears at the time when solitary wave reached the circular island.     

High Frequency Current Fluctuations and Cross-shelf Flows around the Pycnocline near the Shelf Break in the East China Sea

Relation between internal waves with short time scale and density distribution near the shelf break in the East China Sea is studied utilizing moored current meters, thermometers and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts. A well developed pycnocline was frequently observed around 150–200 m depth near the shelf break accompanied with the development of internal waves with short time scale. During the cruise in May 1998, the intensified internal wave motion with short time scale and the distinct offshore flow were observed just below the lower pycnocline, which shoaled and extended above the shelf area. It is suggested that vertical mixing generated by amplified internal waves would produce cross-shelf ageostophic density current around the pycnocline. During the cruise in May 1999, on the other hand, the lower pycnocline was located offshore below the shelf break, and the internal wave motion was amplified just above the lower pycnocline. In this case, the offshore flow should be generated above the lower pycnocline, but vertical profiles of current velocity were not obtained because acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data were not available around the lower pycnocline.     

烟威及石岛近海春季水团分析

本文使用1960—1980年春季的水文资料,以温度和盐度作为主要指标,根据聚类分析逼近温盐图解,结合对该海域地理环境特征的分析,对烟台、威海及石岛近海春季的水团结构演变及其和渔场、渔期的关系进行综合分析。结果表明,北黄海及青岛外海的冷水团,以及黄海暖水团的强度与位置的变动,对春季渔期的早迟以及渔场位置的变动,都有很大的影响。     

泉州湾海域表层沉积物矿物碎屑分布特征及其环境意义

对泉州湾13个表层沉积物样品进行了矿物碎屑定量分析．通过矿物分析，发现泉州湾不同站位的轻、重矿物组分、含量和表征存在差异．根据矿物的分布和组合特征．将耒州湾划分为4个组合区，不同组合区所处沉积环境是不同的．分析表明，研完区表层沉积物的碎屑矿物具有明显的亲陆性，物质来源主要为河流输砂和沿湾海岸侵蚀来砂，且其分布受物源、水动力条件和矿物物理性质等因素所控制。     

莱州湾东部滨海水域砂金分布特征

通过对莱州湾东部滨海水域地球物理和地质钻综合调查，业已查明该海区地质的构造和古地理环境特征，并发现区内砂金分布较普遍，本文从砂金分布的地貌单元，沉积物类型，砂金成因类型，物质来源，古气候，构造作用，砂金成因等诸方面，研究了该海域内砂金特征。     

莱州湾东部滨海水域第四纪沉积及古地理特征

本文通过对６个钻孔和４６１ｋｍ浅层地震剖机测量获得的测年、微古、孢粉、藻类、古地磁以及岩持征和地震反射界面等资料的综合分析，将本区第四系划分为中更新统、上更新统和全新统，对各时期的沉积进行了较详细的阐述，并对不同时期的沉积相特征和古地理环境的变化进行了初步地揭示。     

中国近海蛸属(八腕目、头足纲)三新种

蛸类俗称八蛸、章鱼、八带鱼或八爪鱼,广泛分布于我国南北沿海,为近岸渔业的一种捕捞对象。我国劳动人民在长期的生产实践中,创造了十分丰富的诱蛸和钓蛸经验,为调查了解蛸类的生活习性和自然资源提供了重要的科研资料。 蛸类是一种经济价值较高的海产软体动物,其肉质的脂肪含量高,维生素甲丰富,是良好的副食。 我国近海蛸属(Octopus)种类丰富,目前已知16种(包括本文中描述的三新种),约占全世界蛸属总数(约90种)的六分之一。遵照毛主席关于“人类总得不断地总结经验,有所发现,有所发明,有所创造,有所前进”的教导,作者根据中国科学院海洋研究所历年在我国海域采到的蛸属标本,通过内外形态的综合鉴別,以及和本属中一些近似种的比较,描述了三个新种,标本存于中国科学院海洋研究所。     

强壮箭虫对温度、盐度的耐受性研究

研究强壮箭虫对突变温度、突变盐度和渐变温度、渐变盐度的耐受性.结果表明:水温由15℃突变到1℃时,存活率为75%;水温由15℃突变为30℃时,存活率仅为5%.求得24h急性半致死温度上限为27.2℃.水温从20℃逐渐上升至25、30、35℃,存活率分别为85 %、10 %、0 %;水温从20℃逐渐下降至15、10、5℃,其存活率分别为 100 %、95 %和80 %.盐度从31突变为20、40,箭虫的存活率均为100%,随着盐度突变幅度的增大,强壮箭虫的存活率呈降低趋势.求得24h急性半致死盐度上限为45,24h急性半致死盐度下限为13.3.盐度逐渐从31上升到46、 52,其存活率由90%下降到0%;盐度逐渐从31降到13、6,其存活率由95%下降到0%.求得间隔12h半致死渐变盐度上限为48.7,半致死渐变盐度下限为9.3.根据实验结果,强壮箭虫应属喜冷广温种和近岸广盐种.     

湛江港风暴增水特征分析

本文在统计1950－1997年影响湛江港的热带气旋的基础上，利用1953－1982年30年间湛江港发生的风暴增水的资料，对湛江港风暴增水的总体特征进行了分析，总结出湛江港风暴增水的特征在于季节分布的不均匀、大的正增水和高实测水位出现频繁、造成的风暴潮灾比较严重；通过两类典型风暴潮的详细分析，结果表明：湛江港的风暴增水与影响湛江的热带气旋密切相关，大的风暴增水主要由台风引起，湛江港的地理位置也是影响风暴增水的重要因子。