全文获取类型
收费全文 | 421篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 4篇 |
大气科学 | 30篇 |
地球物理 | 96篇 |
地质学 | 184篇 |
海洋学 | 15篇 |
天文学 | 103篇 |
自然地理 | 19篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 18篇 |
2012年 | 15篇 |
2011年 | 23篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 14篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
1962年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有451条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
The palynological contents as well as macroscopic charcoal fragments from a calcareous sandstone pebble from Quaternary glacial deposits of the North Sea (80 km SW of the Dogger Bank) are described. The taxonomic composition of the palynoflora points to a Late Jurassic (or Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous) age of the sandstone. The charcoal is interpreted as direct evidence of palaeo‐wildfire occurring during this period in the source area of the sediments of this particular sandstone. This finding, together with already published data on Mesozoic deposits, allows to conclude that wildfires were obviously widespread during this period in the area of the modern day North Sea and adjacent areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
82.
Dieter Stöffler Natalia A. Artemieva Kai Wünnemann W. Uwe Reimold Juliane Jacob Birgit K. Hansen Iona A. T. Summerson 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2013,48(4):515-589
We report results of an interdisciplinary project devoted to the 26 km‐diameter Ries crater and to the genesis of suevite. Recent laboratory analyses of “crater suevite” occurring within the central crater basin and of “outer suevite” on top of the continuous ejecta blanket, as well as data accumulated during the past 50 years, are interpreted within the boundary conditions imposed by a comprehensive new effort to model the crater formation and its ejecta deposits by computer code calculations (Artemieva et al. 2013). The properties of suevite are considered on all scales from megascopic to submicroscopic in the context of its geological setting. In a new approach, we reconstruct the minimum/maximum volumes of all allochthonous impact formations (108/116 km3), of suevite (14/22 km3), and the total volume of impact melt (4.9/8.0 km3) produced by the Ries impact event prior to erosion. These volumes are reasonably compatible with corresponding values obtained by numerical modeling. Taking all data on modal composition, texture, chemistry, and shock metamorphism of suevite, and the results of modeling into account, we arrive at a new empirical model implying five main consecutive phases of crater formation and ejecta emplacement. Numerical modeling indicates that only a very small fraction of suevite can be derived from the “primary ejecta plume,” which is possibly represented by the fine‐grained basal layer of outer suevite. The main mass of suevite was deposited from a “secondary plume” induced by an explosive reaction (“fuel‐coolant interaction”) of impact melt with water and volatile‐rich sedimentary rocks within a clast‐laden temporary melt pool. Both melt pool and plume appear to be heterogeneous in space and time. Outer suevite appears to be derived from an early formed, melt‐rich and clast‐poor plume region rich in strongly shocked components (melt ? clasts) and originating from an upper, more marginal zone of the melt pool. Crater suevite is obviously deposited from later formed, clast‐rich and melt‐poor plumes dominated by unshocked and weakly shocked clasts and derived from a deeper, central zone of the melt pool. Genetically, we distinguish between “primary suevite” which includes dike suevite, the lower sublayer of crater suevite, and possibly a basal layer of outer suevite, and “secondary suevite” represented by the massive upper sublayer of crater suevite and the main mass of outer suevite. 相似文献
83.
Franz Jirsa Martin Gruber Anja Stojanovic Steve Odour Omondi Dieter Mader Wilfried Körner Michael Schagerl 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2013
The physico-chemical properties of water samples from the two athalassic endorheic lakes Bogoria and Nakuru in Kenya were analysed. Surface water samples were taken between July 2008 and October 2009 in weekly intervals from each lake. The following parameters were determined: pH, salinity, electric conductivity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the major cations (FAAS and ICP-OES) and the major anions (IC), as well as certain trace elements (ICP-OES). Samples of superficial sediments were taken in October 2009 and examined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) for their major and trace element content including rare earth elements (REE). Both lakes are highly alkaline with a dominance of Na > K > Si > Ca in cations and HCO3 > CO3 > Cl > F > SO4 in anions. Both lakes also exhibited high concentrations of Mo, As and fluoride. Due to an extreme draught from March to October 2009, the water level of Lake Nakuru dropped significantly. This created drastic evapoconcentration, with the total salinity rising from about 20‰ up to 63‰. Most parameters (DOC, Na, K, Ca, F, Mo and As) increased with falling water levels. A clear change in the quality of DOC was observed, followed by an almost complete depletion of dissolved Fe from the water phase. In Lake Bogoria the evapoconcentration effects were less pronounced (total salinity changed from about 40‰ to 48‰). The distributions of REE in the superficial sediments of Lake Nakuru and Lake Bogoria are presented here for the first time. The results show a high abundance of the REE and a very distinct Eu depletion of Eu/Eu* = 0.33–0.45. 相似文献
84.
Linda Pellizzari Dominik Neumann Mashal Alawi Dieter Voigt Ben Norden Hilke Würdemann 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(8):3727-3738
For the utilization of deep saline aquifers in the frame of geotechnical use, such as geological sequestration of CO2, H2 or energy storage, a baseline characterization of pristine reservoir rock cores is required to monitor changes in the indigenous microbial communities and pore fluids, and to study alterations in rock characteristics resulting from interaction with geological storage technologies. However, drilling procedures and technical fluids, particularly drill mud, are sources of core contamination. To measure the penetration of drill mud into the cores, three tracers (fluorescein, microspheres, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stained bacteria) were tested under laboratory conditions. The flow of drill mud into core samples was induced by applying uniaxial pressure differentials to the core, and the penetration depth was microscopically determined for each tracer. Fluorescein was extracted from the rock samples and quantified fluorometrically. The results indicate that all tested tracers are suitable for tracking drill-mud penetration. The actual penetration depth seems to be related to differences in mineral composition and texture as well as microfractures. Among all tested tracers, fluorescein labelling is the simplest, cheapest and most accurate method for analyzing the contamination of rock cores by technical fluids. The application of this tracer was successfully applied during two deep drilling campaigns at the CO2 storage pilot site in Ketzin, Germany. The results highlight that the use of tracers is indispensable to ensure the quality of core samples for microbiological and biogeochemical analysis. 相似文献
85.
Joseph M. Grebowsky Robert F. Benson Phillip A. Webb Vladimir Truhlik Dieter Bilitza 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(16):1669-1676
The projection of the plasmapause magnetic-field lines to low altitudes, where the light-ion chemistry is dominated by O+, tends to occur near the minimum electron density in the main (midlatitude) electron density trough at night. With increasing altitude in the trough, where H+ emerges as the dominant ion on the low-latitude boundary, we have found cases where the plasmapause field lines are located on the sharp low-latitude side of the trough as expected if this topside ionosphere H+ distribution varies in step with the plasmapause gradient in the distant plasmasphere. These conclusions are based on near-equatorial crossings of the plasmapause (corresponding to the steep gradient in the dominant species H+) by the Explorer-45 satellite as determined from electric-field measurements by Maynard and Cauffman in the early 1970s and ISIS-2 ionospheric topside-sounder measurements. The former data have now been converted to digital form and made available at http://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov. The latter provide samples of nearly coincident observations of ionospheric main trough crossings near the same magnetic-field lines of the Explorer 45-determined equatorial plasmapause. The ISIS-2 vertical electron density profiles are used to infer where the F-region transitions from an O+ to a H+ dominated plasma through the main trough boundaries. 相似文献
86.
Based on teleseismic broadband data, mainly recorded from stationsof the Incorporated Research Institute for Seismology (IRIS) and theGräfenberg (GRF) array in Germany, the focal mechanism and thefocal depth of the largest earthquakes in northeastern Siberia in thetime interval 1976–1996 were determined. For 9 events the relativeanelastic attenuation of the shear wave with respect to the compressionalwave along the travel paths could be calculated. Using the slip vectorsfrom the best constrained focal mechanisms and additional slip vectorsfrom Jemsek et al. (1986) and Parfenov et al. (1988), we obtained the North American–Eurasian pole of rotation west of the Cherskii mountainsat 67.1° N, 132.3° E.The investigation shows that the extension of the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridgeinto the continental shelf acts as a continental graben structure.Actually, the crustal extension is concentrated on the eastern LaptevSea area and the seismicity of the western part of the Laptev Sea canbe explained by the assumption of a separate microplate. In the continentsoutheast of the Laptev Sea a series of northwest trending depressions,known as the Moma `Rift', are observed. Although in this region elevatedheat flow, recent volcanism and a low crustal thickness were found (i.e.Duchkov and Sokolova, 1985; Devyatkin, 1985), there is only a poorcorrelation between the seismicity and the rift valleys. So the Momastructures seem to be related to an aborted rift structure. 相似文献
87.
本文介绍用电子束CT作冠状动脉可视化造影的方法,说明本项成就的特征和在应用这项技术的局限性,并指出这种技术在临床上,可能成为新无创伤性的诊断工具。 相似文献
88.
Stable carbon isotope distribution of particulate organic matter in the ocean: a model study 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Matthias Hofmann Dieter A. Wolf-Gladrow Taro Takahashi Steward C. Sutherland Katharina D. Six Ernst Maier-Reimer 《Marine Chemistry》2000,72(2-4)
The stable carbon isotopic composition of particulate organic matter in the ocean, δ13CPOC, shows characteristic spatial variations with high values in low latitudes and low values in high latitudes. The lowest δ13CPOC values (−32‰ to −35‰) have been reported in the Southern Ocean, whereas in arctic and subarctic regions δ13CPOC values do not drop below −27‰. This interhemispheric asymmetry is still unexplained. Global gradients in δ13CPOC are much greater than in δ13CDIC, suggesting that variations in isotopic fractionation during organic matter production are primarily responsible for the observed range in δ13CPOC. Understanding the factors that control isotope variability is a prerequisite when applying δ13CPOC to the study of marine carbon biogeochemistry. The present model study attempts to reproduce the δ13CPOC distribution pattern in the ocean. The three-dimensional (3D) Hamburg Model of the Oceanic Carbon Cycle version 3.1 (HAMOCC3.1) was combined with two different parametrizations of the biological fractionation of stable carbon isotopes. In the first parametrization, it is assumed that the isotopic fractionation between CO2 in seawater and the organic material produced by algae, P, is a function of the ambient CO2 concentration. The two parameters of this function are derived from observations and are not based on an assumption of any specific mechanism. Thus, this parametrization is purely empirical. The second parametrization is based on fractionation models for microalgae. It is supported by several laboratory experiments. Here the fractionation, P, depends on the CO2 concentration in seawater and on the (instantaneous) growth rates, μi, of the phytoplankton. In the Atlantic Ocean, where most field data are available, both parametrizations reproduce the latitudinal variability of the mean δ13CPOC distribution. The interhemispheric asymmetry of δ13CPOC can mostly be attributed to the interhemispheric asymmetry of CO2 concentration in the water. However, the strong seasonal variations of δ13CPOC as reported by several authors, can only be explained by a growth rate-dependent fractionation, which reflects variations in the cellular carbon demand. 相似文献
89.
Noah Brosch Elchanan Almoznino Dieter Engels Stuart Bowyer Michael Lampton 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,316(1):58-70
We analyse a UV observation with FAUST in the direction of the North Galactic Pole. The region includes a cirrus cloud (G251.2+73.3) and a dark globule, and the FAUST image contains 75 UV sources. We discuss the UV source detection and their identification with optical counterparts. We use, for the first time, low-resolution spectral information as the primary means of identifying possible optical counterparts. This is complemented, and sometimes modified, by optical information available from existing data bases. The results are interpreted with the help of maps of the distribution of far-infrared emission and of the neutral hydrogen gas. We discuss the types of objects found, the degree of matching with the predictions of our UV Galaxy model, and the general behaviour of the Galactic UV extinction in this Milky Way part. We compare the UV results for this region with similar observations in the same neighbourhood, which are less affected by dust, and attempt to explain the peculiar distribution of UV magnitudes as a result of a peculiar distribution of foreground dust, which does not follow the accepted dust-to-gas relation. 相似文献
90.
Dieter Jakel 《第四纪研究》1992,12(2):154-155
世界自然地理图显示,除寒漠外全球大沙漠大部分位于热带。科学文献划分出极端干旱沙漠、半干旱沙漠和边缘沙漠带,但这些带之间的界线并非固定不变,并且常常受不同的观察者的主观和经验所影响。例如,相对于撒哈拉大沙漠区的居民来说,北美沙漠的许多地方似乎有很丰茂的植被。可见人们对于沙漠的理解有多大的相对性。 相似文献