机载条纹管成像激光雷达在拍岸区探测水雷

为了解决拍岸区水雷探测的问题,以无人机为载体的条纹管成像蓝绿激光雷达可以用来扫描、识别水雷,蓝绿激光成像雷达白天和夜晚均可以稳定成像,机载探测方式相对于水下、水面等传统探测方式效率也可以提高,机载激光雷达可由小型船舶、小型汽车等多平台携带使用。     

近场水下爆炸对背空圆板冲击作用仿真研究

在一定的假设条件下,圆板在空气中接触爆炸具有理论解;而在水介质中,近场条件下很难推导理论解。 通过 LS-Dyna 近场条件下全过程模拟计算技术研究水下爆炸载荷对水面圆板冲击作用,得到自由场压力、气泡脉动周期及最大半径、水射流速度等典型特征参数的变化规律,与理论分析结果一致。 揭示了气泡第一周期内脉动形态发展变化过程,获取了结构应力响应、圆板结构变形。 该技术可进一步应用于近场水下爆炸对水面舰船的毁伤评估工作。     

Electron acceleration behind a wavy dipolarization front

In this paper, with the in-situ observations from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) probes we report a wavy dipolarization front (DF) event, where the DF has different magnetic structures and electron distributions at different \(y\) positions in the Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric (GSM) coordinates. At \(y \sim2.1R_{E}\) (\(R_{E}\) is the radius of Earth), the DF has a relatively simple structure, which is similar to that of a conventional DF. At \(y \sim3.0R_{E}\), the DF is revealed to have a multiple DF structure, where the plasma exhibits a vortex flow. Such a wavy DF could be the results of the interchange instability. The different structure of such a wavy DF at different sites has a great effect on electron acceleration. Fermi acceleration can occur at the site of the DF with a simple or multiple DF structure, while betatron acceleration as a local process has the contribution to energetic electrons only at the site of the DF with a simple structure.     

北黄海海底麻坑群形态的定量研究及控制因素

本文基于高分辨率多波束水深数据和反向散射强度数据,对北黄海海底麻坑群的形态参数进行定量研究,结合水深、地形坡度和后向散射强度的变化准确界定了麻坑的轮廓,识别出圆形、椭圆形、拉长型麻坑共282个,并在ArcGIS软件中对其形态参数进行了分析计算,麻坑的平均长轴1.36 km,短轴0.78 km,直径0.94 km,面积0.88 km2,平均周长3.82 km,长宽比1.83,深度0.3~2.5 m,平均面积密集度13%,麻坑的剖面形态有麻坑边缘凹陷、中部有明显凸起（W1型）,麻坑边缘凹陷、中部略凸起（W2型）,麻坑中部单纯凹陷（V型）,分别集中分布在麻坑群的北部、南部、西部。麻坑的平面规模大、深度小的原因与地层中形成麻坑的游离气体浓度较小有关,也可能受到了地震、海啸等外力的诱发。麻坑的长轴优势走向为ENE-WSW、NNE-SSW,底流对其形状的塑造起了较大作用,部分麻坑成串排列,形成串珠状的麻坑链,其排列方式受到海底古河道、古潟湖等沉积地层结构的控制。海底麻坑群发育区反向散射强度为-60~-71 dB,麻坑内部较麻坑外部平均高5 dB,可能为麻坑内部气体泄漏引起海底沉积物被剥蚀后残留下的粗颗粒物质或海底生物活动留下的遗迹导致的。     

Mesozooplankton spatial distribution and community structure in the South Adriatic Sea during two winters (2015, 2016)

Whereas the data on mesozooplankton in the epipelagic offshore Mediterranean Sea are extensive, less information is available about plankton in the deeper layers. The present study aims to describe the vertical and horizontal structure and distribution of mesozooplankton species and their associations down to 1,200 m in the water of the Southern Adriatic Sea. Zooplankton were sampled using a Nansen net of 200‐μm mesh size during two cruises in the winters of 2015 and 2016, extending from the coast to the open sea. In total, 203 zooplankton taxa were identified. The community was dominated by copepods, representing between 67% and 91% of the total abundance. The highest total densities were recorded in the upper layers where a high proportion (up to 36%) of appendicularians was also observed in the first sampled year. Five groups of samples were determined based on their community structure. In 2015 communities were distinct between the 0 and 50 m layer and the underlying one (50–100 m), whereas in 2016 epipelagic waters were inhabited by a more uniform mesozooplankton community. The mesopelagic and deep‐water fauna, especially copepods, showed a relatively stable composition in both sampling years Overall, our study confirms the oligotrophic character of the Southern Adriatic, with occasional density outbreaks of appendicularians under favourable conditions.     

基于碳、氮稳定同位素的雅浦海沟底栖生物食物来源和营养级初探

为了分析雅浦海沟中底栖生物群落的食物来源和营养级,本研究分析了雅浦海沟真光层中浮游植物和浮游动物、海底沉积物和巨型底栖生物（海绵、海参、海蛇尾、海星、海葵和钩虾）中的碳、氮稳定同位素组成。研究发现雅浦海沟真光层中的浮游植物和浮游动物δ13C值[（-22.8±0.4）‰和（-21.8±0.8）‰]和δ15N值[（5.4±0.4）‰和（6.8±0.2）‰]与巨型底栖生物的δ13C值（-20.1‰~-16.8‰）和δ15N值（11.9‰~17.9‰）的差异超过了一个营养级,表明作为底栖生物的初始食物来源的浮游植物和浮游动物在向下输送的过程中经历了食物链传递和细菌的降解。巨型底栖生物的δ15N和δ13C值之间无显著的相关性,此外不同物种之间营养级也存在明显差异,表现为海绵的营养级相对较高（3.4~4.7）,海参（3.3~3.6）、海蛇尾（3.4~3.5）和海星（3.2~3.7）的营养级较为接近,钩虾（2.9~3.3）和海葵（3.1）的营养级则相对略低,反映了底栖生物不同物种之间食物来源的多样化。     

海水温度对衰亡期浒苔释放生源硫影响的模拟研究

为研究浒苔释放生源硫的特征,本文对采集于黄海绿潮中期和末期的浒苔进行了实验室模拟培养,探讨了不同温度对衰亡期浒苔释放生源硫化物的影响。实验结果表明,在10~25℃温度范围内,温度升高能够加速浒苔的衰亡。二甲基硫（DMS）的平均释放速率范围为2.79~150.70 nmol/（L·g·d）,二甲基硫基丙酸内盐（DMSP）的平均释放速率范围为2.16~113.26 nmol/（L·g·d）。温度升高能够使DMS和DMSP的释放速率加快,释放量增加,DMS最大平均释放速率在25℃条件下比10℃条件下升高了约60%,培养液中DMS浓度升高了2~3倍。采集于绿潮末期的浒苔培养液中的DMS和DMSP和采集于绿潮中期的浒苔相比,浓度有所增加,采集于浒苔绿潮末期浒苔培养液中DMS的最高平均浓度为418.41 nmol/L,约为中期的4倍;DMSP的最高平均浓度为316.14 nmol/L,是中期的3倍。浒苔绿潮的爆发会对水体中的硫体系循环产生影响,进而影响该海域生态环境。     

球石藻及其生态功能

球石藻(Coccolithophore)是一类在全球海洋中广泛分布的海洋微型浮游植物,它们在海洋浮游植物功能群落中是一类极其重要的钙化生物类群,也是海洋中生源无机碳的重要来源,并且在海洋的碳循环过程中起到重要的作用。球石藻由于快速增殖而发生水华的过程中能够释放大量的具有挥发性的二甲基硫(DMS)和丙烯酸(acrylic acid),它们是影响气候变化,特别是引起区域性环境效应(温室效应)的关键性物质。本文针对球石藻的生物学特征及其生态重要性作了简要阐述。     

太平洋深海沉积物来源的菌株Tenacibaculum sp.HMG1对孔雀石绿降解特性的研究

本文在太平洋深海沉积物中分离得到一株孔雀石绿降解菌株,鉴定命名为Tenacibaculum sp.HMG1。通过菌株生长实验和高效液相色谱的研究表明, HMG1菌株可以在20 mg/L的孔雀石绿中维持较快的生长速率,并且在12 h内可降解98.8%的孔雀石绿,这证明该菌株具有很高的孔雀石绿耐受能力和降解活性。通过基因组测序在HMG1菌株发现一条过氧化物酶基因可能参与了孔雀石绿的降解,随后利用原核表达获得了相应的重组蛋白。实验表明,该重组过氧化物酶具有极强的活性,可在1000 mg/L的孔雀石绿中发挥降解功能。本文利用液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）技术对孔雀石绿的菌株降解产物和重组酶降解产物进行鉴定,并基于鉴定结果推测了两种降解途径。结果发现两种降解方式存在共同的降解途径。此外,孔雀石绿降解条件的实验结果证明重组过氧化物酶可以在低温（20℃）、复杂的pH值（6.0–9.0）、高盐度（100 mmol/L）、金属离子和EDTA等反应条件下依旧维持很高的孔雀石绿降解活性。以上实验结果表明,HMG1菌株和重组过氧化物酶均在孔雀石绿污染生物修复方面具有很大潜力。     

On the intrinsic shape of the gamma-ray spectrum for Fermi blazars

The curvature of the γ-ray spectrum in blazars may reflect the intrinsic distribution of emitting electrons, which will further give some information on the possible acceleration and cooling processes in the emitting region. The γ-ray spectra of Fermi blazars are normally fitted either by a single power-law(PL) or a log-normal(call Logarithmic Parabola, LP) form. The possible reason for this difference is not clear. We statistically explore this issue based on the different observational properties of 1419 Fermi blazars in the 3 LAC Clean Sample. We find that the γ-ray flux(100 Me V–100 Ge V) and variability index follow bimodal distributions for PL and LP blazars, where the γ-ray flux and variability index show a positive correlation. However, the distributions of γ-ray luminosity and redshift follow a unimodal distribution. Our results suggest that the bimodal distribution of γ-ray fluxes for LP and PL blazars may not be intrinsic and all blazars may have an intrinsically curved γ-ray spectrum, and the PL spectrum is just caused by the fitting effect due to less photons.