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91.
92.
Axenic cultures of the microalgae species, Dunaliella tertiolecta and Phaeodactylum tricornutum were grown at arsenic (As) concentrations typically found in uncontaminated marine environments ( 2 µg L− 1) under different phosphorus concentrations. D. tertiolecta accumulated higher arsenic concentrations (mean: 13.7 ± 0.7 µg g− 1 dry mass) than P. tricornutum (mean: 1.9 ± 0.2 µg g−1 dry mass). Media phosphorus concentrations (0.6–3 mg/L) had little influence on microalgae growth rates or arsenic accumulation. Arsenic was present as lipid bound (29–38%; 4.2–9.5%), water-soluble (20–29%; 26–34%) and residue bound (41–45%; 57–69%) arsenic species in D. tertiolecta and P. tricornutum respectively. Hydrolysed lipids contained mostly glycerol arsenoribose (OH- ribose), dimethylarsinate (DMA) and inorganic arsenic (As(V)) moieties. Water-soluble species of microalgae were very different. D. tertiolecta contained inorganic arsenic (54–86%) with variable amounts of DMA (7.4–20%), arsenoriboses (5–25%) and traces of methylarsonate (MA) ( 1%). P. tricornutum contained mostly DMA (32–56%) and phosphate arsenoribose (PO4-ribose, 23–49%) and small amounts of OH-ribose (3.8–6.5%) and As(V) (9–16%). Both microalgae contained an unknown cationic arsenic species. The residue fractions of both microalgae contained predominately inorganic arsenic (99–100%). These results show that at natural seawater arsenic concentrations, both algae take up substantial amounts of inorganic arsenic that is complexed with structural elements or sequestered in vacuoles as stable complexes. A significant portion is also incorporated into lipids. Arsenic is metabolised to simple methylated species and arsenoriboses. 相似文献
93.
Danielle H. Buchanan Larissa A. Naylor Martin D. Hurst Wayne J. Stephenson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(4):1028-1037
The majority of shore platforms form in rocks that are characterised by layered stratigraphy and pervasive jointing. Plucking of weathered, joint and bed bounded blocks is an important erosion process that existing models of platform development do not represent. Globally, measuring platform erosion rates have focused on microscale (< 1 mm) surface lowering rather than mesoscale (0.1-1 m) block detachment, yet the latter appears to dominate the morphological development of discontinuity rich platforms. Given the sporadic nature of block detachment on platforms, observations of erosion from storm event to multi-decadal timescales (and beyond) are required to quantify shore platform erosion rates. To this end, we collected aerial photography using an unmanned aerial vehicle to produce structure-from-motion-derived digital elevation models and orthophotos. These were combined with historical aerial photographs to characterise and quantify the erosion of two actively eroding stratigraphic layers on a shore platform in Glamorgan, south Wales, UK, over 78-years. We find that volumetric erosion rates vary over two orders of magnitude (0.1-10 m3 yr-1) and do not scale with the length of the record. Average rates over the full 78-year record are 2-5 m3 yr-1. These rates are equivalent to 1.2-5.3 mm yr-1 surface lowering rates, an order of magnitude faster than previously published, both at our site and around the world in similar rock types. We show that meso-scale platform erosion via block detachment processes is a dominant erosion process on shore platforms across seasonal to multi-decadal timescales that have been hitherto under-investigated. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 相似文献
94.
95.
Near-infrared, adaptive optics observations of AGN achieve a spatial resolution comparable to that of the Hubble Space Telescope
at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. Using the ESO adaptive optics system, we have mapped the nuclear region of NGC 1068
in the near-infrared at 2.2, 3.5 and 4.8 μm. These data show the presence of strong near-infrared emission within the central
100 pc around the nucleus. At the K, L and M bands, the dominant emission peak is unresolved at resolutions of 35 pc (K),
15 pc (L) and 23 pc (M). We find that the emission peaks at 2.2, 3.5 and 4.8 μm are offset by 0.3±0.1" south of the HST optical
continuum peak. The infrared peaks are coincident with the HST imaging polarimetry center thought to mark the hidden nucleus.
We conclude that the infrared emission peaks are also directly related with the hidden nucleus and that they outline the dusty
torus around the central engine, as expected from current AGN models. From our first estimate of the fluxes in L and M, we
derive a dust temperature of 750 K for the unresolved component.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
96.
M. Pierre L. Chiappetti F. Pacaud A. Gueguen C. Libbrecht B. Altieri H. Aussel P. Gandhi † O. Garcet E. Gosset L. Paioro T. J. Ponman A. M. Read A. Refregier J.-L. Starck J. Surdej I. Valtchanov C. Adami D. Alloin A. Alshino S. Andreon M. Birkinshaw M. Bremer A. Detal P.-A. Duc G. Galaz L. Jones J.-P. Le Fèvre O. Le Fèvre D. Maccagni A. Mazure H. Quintana H. J. A. Röttgering P.-G. Sprimont C. Tasse G. Trinchieri J. P. Willis 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,382(1):279-290
97.
Peter Brown Valerie Marchenko Danielle E. Moser Robert Weryk William Cooke 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2013,48(2):270-288
We propose that the Taurid meteor shower may contain bodies able to survive and be recovered as meteorites. We review the expected properties of meteorite‐producing fireballs, and suggest that end heights below 35 km and terminal speeds below 10 km s?1 are necessary conditions for fireballs expected to produce meteorites. Applying the meteoroid strength index (PE criteria) of Ceplecha and McCrosky (1976) to a suite of 33 photographically recorded Taurid fireballs, we find a large spread in the apparent meteoroid strengths within the stream, including some very strong meteoroids. We also examine in detail the flight behavior of a Taurid fireball (SOMN 101031) and show that it has the potential to be a (small) meteorite‐producing event. Similarly, photographic observations of a bright, potential Taurid fireball recorded in November of 1995 in Spain show that it also had meteorite‐producing characteristics, despite a very high entry velocity (33 km s?1). Finally, we note that the recent Maribo meteorite fall may have had a very high entry velocity (28 km s?1), further suggesting that survival of meteorites at Taurid‐like velocities is possible. Application of a numerical entry model also shows plausible survival of meteorites at Taurid‐like velocities, provided the initial meteoroids are fairly strong and large, both of which are characteristics found in the Taurid stream. 相似文献
98.
浙江舟山海岸带古木埋藏区铁的微生物成矿作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以浙江舟山海岸带铁矿石为研究对象, 通过对铁矿石及其周围环境背景样品的形态学显微观察、矿物学及地球化学分析, 结果显示渗漏水沉淀铁泥中存在大量形貌与Leptothrix ochracea和Gallionella ferruginea中性铁氧化菌极为相似的微生物鞘, 该微生物可促进Fe2+的氧化和Fe3+的快速沉淀, 并且细胞最终被完全矿化后将永久保存起来.与此相对应的是: 在铁矿石内部存在大量的似球形和丝杆状的针铁矿, 并且还保留了死亡的铁细菌外鞘, 这些特征揭示该铁矿石与微生物历史活动密切相关.将现代渗漏水铁泥中铁细菌的矿化作用和铁矿石中保留的微生物活动记录相对比, 为该环境下的铁矿石生物成矿作用及其成因机制提供了良好的佐证.铁矿石的形成与古木堆积密切相关, 古木埋藏腐烂过程产生的腐植酸加剧了基岩及其周围土壤中的铁淋滤进入到潮间带, 从而为铁矿石形成提供充足的铁来源.该研究有助于更好理解和认识地史时期腐植质及微生物在铁矿床形成中的作用. 相似文献
99.
100.
Although fossil assemblages from the late Early Pleistocene are very rare in Britain, the site of Westbury Cave in Somerset, England, has the potential to address this gap. The mammal fossils recovered previously from the Siliceous Member in Westbury Cave, though few in number, have hinted at an age for the deposits that is as yet unparalleled in Britain. Here, we describe the first bona fide occurrence of Hippopotamus in the British Early Pleistocene, discovered during recent reinvestigation of the Siliceous Member. The hippo fossil indicates a refined biochronological age of ca. 1.5–1.07 Ma for the Siliceous Member and a palaeoclimate that was warm and humid, which accords well with previous palaeoenvironmental inferences. A synthesis of late Early Pleistocene hippo occurrences suggests that the Siliceous Member hippo may have been part of an early colonization of north-west Europe by these megaherbivores, possibly during MIS (Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage) 31. Alternatively, it evidences a currently cryptic northward migration during an even earlier temperate phase. In either case, the Siliceous Member is likely to represent a warm period that has not been recognized previously in the British Quaternary record. 相似文献