Distribution and Geochemical Implication of Aromatic Hydrocarbons across the Meishan Permian-Triassic Boundary

INTRODUCTIONThe Permian-Triassic ( Tr/P) boundary , datedto be (251 .4±0 .3) Ma ago ,is marked by the mostdrastic mass extinction of organisms in the Phanero-zoic .In order to explore the pattern and the cause ofthe mass extinction,extensive research has been fo-cused on biostratigraphy , isotopic chronostratigra-phy , event stratigraphy , ecostratigraphy and se-quence stratigraphy (Payne et al .,2004 ; Reichowetal .,2002 ; Yin et al .,2001 ;Jin et al .,2000 ;Zhanget al .,1996 ,1995 ;…     

Phosphate removal from water by naturally occurring shale,sandstone, and laterite: The role of iron oxides and of soluble species

Aqueous phosphate removal by three geomaterials from Ivory Coast was evaluated to determine their potential application as low-cost phosphate adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Batch experiments showed that phosphate uptake strongly depended on pH. Laterite and sandstone dissolution was less pronounced compared to shale. A correlation between concentrations of aqueous cation species released from shale and phosphate uptake was observed. The kinetics were well described using the pseudo-second-order model. Isotherms displayed a saturation level on shale, while phosphate uptake continuously increased for laterite and sandstone. The removal efficiency decreased in the following ranking order: laterite > sandstone > shale. Laterite was also the most efficient adsorbent in column experiments. The high phosphate removal efficiency of laterite (8.3 mg PO₄ g^?1) was attributed to the presence of superparamagnetic low grain sizes of goethite. Laterite is a particularly promising material for further investigation in wastewater treatment technology such as constructed wetlands.     

遵义牛蹄塘组发现的多水硫磷铝石

遵义牛蹄塘组黑色岩系发现的多水硫磷铝石主要产出在Ni-Mo多金属层的微裂隙中，偶尔在多金属层下部的黑色粉砂岩中以脉体形式产出。该矿物结构不稳定，结构中一部分水分子很容易失去，在X射线衍射鉴定时其特征谱线变化较大；在自然条件下存放一定时间后，样品具有稳定的X射线衍射特征。此外，对这些样品进行了红外光谱、热重和差热分析、TEM观测、化学分析和晶胞参数计算，与纤磷铝石进行了对比和讨论。     

浙西南淡竹花岗闪长岩中锆石的成因研究及其地质意义

本文对浙西南地区淡竹花岗闪长岩中的锆石群进行了形态学、地球化学和年代学的系统研究。研究结果表明, 该花岗闪长岩中存在两种不同类型的锆石: 岩浆锆石和变质锆石。前者为自形—半自形的长柱状晶体, 无色透明, 富含岩浆和矿物包裹体, 其背散射电子图像 (BSE图像) 显示出均匀的内部构造 (少数具有韵律环带构造), 其晶型指数落在钙碱性系列花岗闪长岩的范围内; 后者大多数以增生边的形式围绕岩浆锆石生长, 极少量呈他形的粒状晶体, 呈黄褐色—半透明, 其BSE图像亦呈现均匀的内部构造。这两类锆石在化学成分上有较大的差异, 表现为岩浆锆石比变质锆石明显地富U、Th、Y等阳离子置换元素。锆石LAICPMS UPb定年分析结果表明, 岩浆锆石和变质锆石分别形成于1875±33 Ma和209±12 Ma两个不同的时代, 为浙闽运动和印支运动在浙西南地区的表现提供了有力的客观证据。     

地质和岩土工程光纤传感监测技术综述

光纤传感器与常规传感器相比具有很大的优越性,已经成为地质和岩土工程监测领域中的研究热点。本文介绍了光纤传感监测系统的种类、基本测量原理和目前国内外的研究发展状况,并对各种传感技术的性能和特点进行了比较,指出了光纤传感监测技术应用于地质和岩土工程监测尚需研究的相关课题。     

The multi-component Hekla Ö Tephra,Iceland: a complex widespread mid-Holocene tephra layer

Large Plinian eruptions from Hekla volcano, Iceland, produce compositionally zoned tephra used as key markers in tephrochronology. However, spatial variations in chemical composition of a tephra layer may complicate its identification. An example is the 5950–6180 cal a bp Hekla Ö tephra layer, which shows compositional spread from rhyolite, dacite and andesite to basalt. In soil sections north of Hekla, the SiO₂ content of the tephra glass reaches 76 wt% in the lowest unit of the Hekla Ö deposit and decreases to 62–63 wt% in the uppermost unit. Intermingled within the whole deposit are basalt tephra grains having 46–47 wt% SiO₂. The composition of the basalt glass includes primitive basalt and a more evolved basalt (MgO >6 and <6 wt%, respectively). Together with literature data, the Hekla Ö tephra and the so-called T-Tephra/Hekla-T are most likely from contemporaneous eruptions of different vents on the Hekla volcanic system, forming a single important marker tephra (Hekla ÖT) deposited over 80% of Iceland. Identification is complicated by its spatial compositional heterogeneity, such as systematic decrease in SiO₂ content from the east to the west of Hekla volcano. Consequently, an individual tephra layer from a large explosive eruption can have different composition at different locations. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

煤岩水力压裂起裂压力和裂缝扩展机制实验研究

为了研究煤岩水力压裂的起裂压力和水力压裂裂缝扩展规律,采用型煤试样,利用自主研发的水力压裂实验系统,参照现场压裂施工制定了“施加三向应力-顶部注水”的煤岩水力压裂物理模拟实验方案并开展了水力压裂实验,分析了不同条件下泵注压力和水力压裂裂缝。实验结果表明：压裂液泵注排量越大,起裂压力越大。三向应力满足最大水平主应力σ_H > 垂向应力σ_v > 最小水平主应力σ_h,水力压裂裂缝沿着垂直于σ_h的方向扩展。σ_v和σ_h一定,随着σ_H的增大,煤岩起裂压力先增大后减小,水力压裂裂缝扩展路径越平直。当σ_H远大于σ_v和σ_h时,水力压裂裂缝扩展路径越复杂,分叉缝角度越大。研究结果可为煤岩水力压裂理论的完善提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

Defect properties of albite

Knowledge of the defect properties of Lunar and Mercurian minerals has recently become important, with the advent of models which attempt to explain the formation of the thin exosphere of these celestial bodies. Here, we have calculated the formation energies of sodium and oxygen vacancies in the mineral albite (NaAlSi₃O₈), as well as the Schottky defect energy for the removal of a Na₂O unit. We have employed both the supercell and Mott–Littleton approaches, using Kohn–Sham density functional theory and classical interatomic potential methods. As well as reporting the defect energies and structures, we comment upon the relative merits of the methods used.     

基于GIS的北京城市形态研究

经典的城市形态理论包括同心圆理论、扇形理论和多核心理论.利用2002年北京市土地利用图,采用GIS缓冲区分析的方法,分析了北京市各功能用地的方向特征和圈层特征.结果表明:北京市的土地利用体现了明显的圈层特征,同时各类功能用地在各方向的分布又明显受到了河流、交通干道和工业区等地理要素的影响.北京没有形成城市总体规划的多中心布局,第一道绿化隔离地区中绿地面积没有明显高出其他地区,基本上已经失去了中心城区和边缘集团隔离开的功能.总体上,北京城市空间形态主要是同心圆和扇形的结合,更接近同心圆理论和扇形理论的混合形式.     

地热连通井热交换隔离开采技术研究综述

近些年,随着地热资源不断开发和利用,无论是单井开采还是定向井和直井结合开采,由于井筒和地层没有实现完全封隔,注水开采地热过程中,注入的地表水跟地下水将产生交换,导致地下水资源的污染以及大量尾水带来的环保隐患。尤其随着城市大量地热资源的开发,这一问题将显得尤为突出。本技术研究将通过地热连通井热交换隔离开采技术的设计与实施,分析地热连通井的热交换效率和井筒与地层的封隔技术手段,建立一套热交换隔离开采技术方法,实现地热井开采过程中取热不取水,为城市周边地热资源的开发提供基础数据和技术支撑。