钱塘江河口盐度数值模拟

强潮河口盐水入侵对饮用水源地危害极大。基于平面二维水动力盐度模型, 对典型强潮河口—钱塘江的水动力及盐水入侵过程进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明枯水径流时盐度变化与潮位过程曲线类似, 潮差对盐度大小影响显著, 径流量的增加将逐渐减小其相似程度。当流量增加到一定程度后, 继续增加的一定径流量所产生的抑咸效果减弱, 水资源有效利用率降低, 此时允许水源地盐度超标并改从蓄淡避咸水库取水可有效节约水资源。盐度平面分布显示, 盐水入侵在强潮河口弯道处受涨潮流主流线影响明显, 靠近主流线一岸的盐度大于对岸, 单从盐水入侵角度考虑, 强潮河口弯道段的取水口应设置在远离涨潮流主流线一岸。钱塘江河口盐度数值模拟对于研究减轻盐水入侵对水源地危害的措施具有指导意义。     

邻二氮杂菲银/蒙脱石复合物的XPS和TG研究

用微波辐射法制备了邻二氮杂菲银/蒙脱石抗菌复合物。以X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及热重分析(TG/DTG)对抗菌复合物及其热处理产物的表面特性及热稳定性进行探讨。结果表明:邻二氮杂菲银络离子插入到蒙脱石层间后,层间水含量减少。样品表面的银以邻二氮杂菲银络合物的状态存在,煅烧温度低于或等于200℃时,邻二氮杂菲银络合物没有发生分解;当煅烧温度到达300℃时,邻二氮杂菲银络合物开始分解产生新的物质Ag2O;当煅烧温度到达400℃时,样品表面开始有银粒子产生,随着温度的增加,银粒子的粒径不断增加。     

埋藏环境白云石结构类型

近年来我国在白云岩储层油气勘探方面取得了重大进展,这些白云岩储层绝大多数为埋藏阶段形成的白云岩,同时大量研究也证实地层中大部分白云岩形成于埋藏环境。国际学术界对埋藏环境白云石的成因结构分类比较细致,但在我国这方面的研究还不够深入,因此本文借助国际上对埋藏环境白云石成因结构的分类方法,并结合中国白云岩研究的实际情况尝试提出埋藏环境白云石结构分类方案。该方案首先以白云石在岩石中的产状分为基质白云石和胶结白云石两大类,再以晶粒大小、晶型、晶面特征、接触关系为分类依据,将埋藏环境白云石分为六种结构类型。     

南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世-中新世断阶陆架坡折沉积过程响应

南海珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水区在渐新世—中新世经历了后退断阶式的陆架坡折带演化,该过程控制了本地区沉积体系的发育和分布,从而也在一定程度上影响了油气藏的形成与分布。基于近期最新钻井资料、精细沉积学分析和长电缆高质量三维地震资料解释,结合陆架边缘三角洲沉积模式理论,开展了该区断阶陆架坡折控制的沉积过程响应特征研究。发现渐新世陆架坡折带主要的沉积过程响应是珠海组陆架边缘三角洲前积楔-浅海陆架沉积体系,中新世后退断阶陆架坡折主要沉积响应为生长断层复杂化的陆架边缘三角洲与斜坡扇体系, 该发现将有助于指导深水油气勘探。     

基于遗传算法优化的小波神经网络在地下水位预测中的应用

地下水位是衡量生态环境优劣和地下水资源的一个重要指标.地下水位下降,将引发地面沉降、地面塌陷和降落漏斗等.因此,地下水位预测对保护地质生态环境和实现地下水资源严格管理至关重要.由于BP算法存在极易收敛于局部极小点与过拟合等缺点,导致网络泛化能力不足,本文在构建小波神经网络基础上并引入遗传算法加以优化,以解决上述不足,并与BP和WNN对比预测了天津市深层承压水水位.预测结果表明,GA-WNN模型拟合精度较高,模型的预测能力有较大幅度提高.     

基于RTK-GPS技术的干热河谷冲沟沟头形态特征

采用高精度实时动态差分GPS(以下简称RTK-GPS)技术对干热河谷冲沟进行野外调查,获取36个不同活跃度类型沟头的形态参数,研究不同活跃度类型之间沟头的形态特征差异,并分析集水区、沟床植被盖度与形态特征之间的关系。结果表明:1.沟头不同活跃度类型之间,其跌坎高差、沟床比降差异最为显著,可作为沟头活跃度类型野外判别的主要参考指标;沟壁坡度、宽-深比等的差异较为显著,亦可在一定程度上表征沟头活跃程度。2.沟床植被盖度与各形态特征参数的相关性显著,表明沟床植被盖度可作为形态参数的综合替代性指标。同一活跃度类型的沟头,其跌坎高差、沟床比降等与沟床植被盖度呈极显著负相关关系,说明随着沟床植被盖度的增加(或减小),跌坎高差、沟床比降均呈减小(或增加)趋势。3.集水区植被盖度与各形态特征参数的关系不显著,表明干热河谷集水区植被盖度对沟头发育的贡献有限。     

利用温度链对南海内波振幅的观测

内波的实测资料一般为走航或者浮标布站观测得到的一个关于时间和空间的大面资料,将此资料进行滤波后,进行简单的数值处理,即可得到内波的振幅。但是这种资料较少,布控站位难度较大,成本也较高,是一种不易获取的资料。本文利用的温度链资料是一种获取简单,成本也较低的实测资料。利用温度链资料基于内波带动水质点上下波动的物理过程,进行内波振幅的计算,将会有较大的适用性。     

Use of tetracycline hydrochloride and alizarin complexone for immersion marking black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii

We tested the utility of chemical marking techniques in the juvenile black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Juveniles(30–40 mm total length) were immersed in a range of tetracycline hydrochloride(TC) solutions at concentrations ranging from 300 to 500 mg/L, and alizarin complexone(ALC) solutions at concentrations ranging from 200 to 400 mg/L in filtered sea water(salinity of 30) for 24 h, respectively. Otoliths(sagittae, asteriscus), scales, fin rays(dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fin rays), and fin spines(dorsal, ventral, and anal fin spines) were sampled and used to detect fl uorescent marks after a 60-day growth experiment. With the exception of 300 mg/L TC, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fin spines by all concentrations of TC and ALC. In particular, we observed clearly visible marks in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fin spines under normal light at concentrations of 200–400 mg/L, 250–400 mg/L, and 250–400 mg/L ALC, respectively. Scales and fin rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations(≥350 mg/L TC, ≥250 mg/L ALC for scales and ≥350 mg/L TC, ≥300 mg/L ALC for fin rays). The best mark quality(i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking) were obtained following immersion in TC at between 350–500 mg/L, and ALC between 300–400 mg/L. In addition, there was no significant difference in survival and growth of TC and ALC marked fish compared to their controls up to 60 days post-marking( P 0.05).     

Spatial structure of central places in Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration,Jilin Province,China

Using the radius of gyration from fractal theory, this paper describes the calculation of fractal dimensions for the four tiers of central places in the Jilin Central Urban Agglomeration(JCUA), Jilin Province, China and the structural characteristics of each tier: 1) the 1st tier central place, Changchun Proper(not including Shuangyang District), provides the most service functions and has the most stable primate position; 2) the 2nd tier central places, Jilin Proper, Siping Proper, Liaoyuan Proper and Songyuan Proper have unclear statuses and do not provide certain functions; 3) the 3rd tier central places comprise 23 county-level cities, counties and urban districts(including Shuangyang District of Changchun), exhibiting a dense spatial structure that agrees with theory; 4) the 4th tier contains the largest number of central places(248 designated towns), but they are loosely distributed. In this study, a spatial image of the JCUA was created, based on vectorized data of the urban settlement distribution, which was then modified and abstracted to create a hexagonal network covering the JCUA. Compared to the traditional central place model, the modified spatial image conforms to the K = 3 principle. In reality, however, the growth of some 3rd tier central places should be increased with the cities being upgraded to the 2nd tier so as to overcome that tier′s functional deficiency. The loose distribution in the 4th tier should also be changed. This apparent anomaly can be explained by the fact that the classic hexagon model used to describe the way market areas layout does not exist in the real world. However, this should not be viewed as an obstacle to using central place theory. If its assumptions are properly applied, it can still assist research into the spatial structure of regions.