The Structure of Narrow-Line Region in LINERs

Low-ionization nuclear emission regions (LINERs) are present in a large fraction of local galaxies, while their connection to the more luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) remains elusive. We analyze the narrow band images obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in Hα [NⅡ] and/or [OⅢ] band for 23 LINERs and low luminosity Seyfert galaxies in the sample of the Palomar Optical Spectroscopic Survey of nearby galaxies in an attempt to resolve the structure of Narrow Emission Line Regions (NLRs) of these objects. In all cases, NLRs are well resolved and their morphology differs from object to object. Clumps, linear structure, spiral arms or a ring are detected in a large fraction of the objects, while there is no significant difference between Seyfert galaxies and LINERs. We find that the NLR size and the narrow line luminosity are strongly correlated for both LINERs and low luminosity Seyfert galaxies, and that the size of Hα [NⅡ] emission line region scales with Hα luminosity as RNLR∞L0.4±0.06Hα, consistent with an extension of the NLR size-luminosity relation defined for luminous Seyfert galaxies and quasars, to two orders of magnitude lower in luminosity and to lower activity levels. Our results suggest that NLRs in LINERs are similar to those of Seyfert galaxies, and they are powered by the central active galactic nucleus.     

The Origin of the Element Eu in Extremely Metal-poor Halo Stars

The fast neutron capture process (the r-process) occurs in the neutron-rich circumstance. However its concrete physical environment is not very clear. With recent progress in observations, many extremely metal-poor halo stars have been discovered. They have two characteristics: one is the overabundance of fast neutron elements with the relative abundance consistent with that of the sun; the other is that fast neutron element contents in stars at the same metal abundance have a very large dispersion. This provides a particular way to study the origin of the r-process. Simulation was used to study the galaxy's evolution process and the resulting dispersion of fast neutron nuclide contents in stars. The model of galaxy evolution obtained in this way not only contains spontaneous star formation in the gas region, but also includes the star formation excited by the supernova explosion. It is shown from our results that the supernovae at the low mass end should be the place producing the fast neutron nuclides. In addition, it is also shown that the non-uniformity of the galaxy evolution caused by the supernova explosion is not enough to explain the observed dispersion of fast neutron element contents in halo stars. This problem should be further studied.     

强作用对奇异星观测效应的影响

奇异星是类似于中子星的曲奇异夸克物质组成的致密天体。本文研究了夸克这间的强作用对奇异星观测效应的影响。我们认为：（１）中子星转变为奇异星的行为是一种大的周期突变（ｇｌｉｔｃｈ）现象，这种现象取决于夸克间的强作用；（２）强作用使高温奇异星的振动阻尼也有效，这可能是驱动超新星爆发的新机制；（３）强作用加强了高温情形下奇异星和中子星在转动上的差别，奇异星的最小周期比中子星的小。     

LAMOST CCD camera-control system based on RTS2

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST) is the largest existing spectroscopic survey telescope, having 32 scientific charge-coupled-device(CCD) cameras for acquiring spectra. Stability and automation of the camera-control software are essential, but cannot be provided by the existing system. The Remote Telescope System 2 nd Version(RTS2) is an open-source and automatic observatory-control system. However, all previous RTS2 applications were developed for small telescopes. This paper focuses on implementation of an RTS2-based camera-control system for the 32 CCDs of LAMOST. A virtual camera module inherited from the RTS2 camera module is built as a device component working on the RTS2 framework. To improve the controllability and robustness, a virtualized layer is designed using the master-slave software paradigm, and the virtual camera module is mapped to the 32 real cameras of LAMOST. The new system is deployed in the actual environment and experimentally tested. Finally, multiple observations are conducted using this new RTS2-frameworkbased control system. The new camera-control system is found to satisfy the requirements for automatic camera control in LAMOST. This is the first time that RTS2 has been applied to a large telescope, and provides a referential solution for full RTS2 introduction to the LAMOST observatory control system.     

Multi-band optical variability of BL Lac object OQ 530

Historical optical data are combined on the BL Lac object OQ 530.Verifying the existence of correlations among the flux variations in different bands serves as an important tool to investigate emission processes.To examine the possible existence of a lag between variations in different optical bands from this source,a statistical analysis is performed through the discrete correlation function(DCF)method and the z-transformed discrete correlation function(ZDCF)method.Monte Carlo simulations called"flux redistribution/random subset selection"(FR/RSS)are performed to obtain statistically meaningful values for the cross-correlation time lags and their related uncertainties.The analysis confirms that the variations in different optical light curves are strongly correlated,with zero-lag within the errors.Long term variability of color indexes is also analyzed.The result suggests a strong correlation between color index and brightness.A clear bluer-when-brighter chromatism is found,in the sense that the spectrum steepens as the brightness decreases.     

基于EGM2008和剩余地形模型的区域似大地水准面精化方法

利用EGM2008计算重力场模型高程异常,结合SRTM和DTM2006.0计算剩余地形模型,进而计算RTM高程异常,以弥补EGM2008重力场模型短波信号缺失的不足。从实测高程异常中减去重力场模型高程异常以及RTM高程异常,得到残余高程异常。利用曲面拟合方法拟合残余高程异常模型,解决高程基准系统偏差问题。通过实际GPS/水准数据计算证明,该方法能显著提高GPS点的高程异常计算精度,达到精化区域似大地水准面的目的。     

恒星内部电荷屏蔽对电子俘获反应的影响

本文分析了在恒星环境下，电荷强屏蔽对原子核电子俘获反应的影响，分析中忽略了电荷屏蔽对核跃迁矩阵元的影响．作为例子，分别讨论了电荷屏蔽对核素33S、30P和57Fe的电子俘获率的影响．结果表明：在较低温度和较高密度下，由于电荷屏蔽，其电子俘获率相对于无屏蔽情形有明显降低，这可能对恒星晚期演化和超新星爆发理论带来明显的影响．     

广义相对论效应对脉冲星γ射线辐射的影响

本文研究了广义相对论效应和量子力学效应对中子量γ射线辐射的影响．通过选择磁偶极矩以及观察者视线与磁轴之间的夹角这两个观测量作为参量，我们数值计算了从中子星表面发射的、传播方向沿着磁场的光子的逃逸能量．我们得到，在磁偶极矩较小时，量子力学效应不重要，而广义相对论效应使逃逸能量显著降低；当磁偶极矩很大时，两个效应几乎相抵消，光子的逃逸能量几乎不受它们的影响．我们讨论这些结果在脉冲星γ射线谱上的意义．     

Investigation of inner-basin variation: Impact of large reservoirs on water regimes of downstream water bodies

Large dams and reservoirs alter not only the natural flow regimes of streams and rivers but also their flooding cycles and flood magnitudes. Although the effect of dams and reservoirs has been reported for some vulnerable locations, the understanding of the inner-basin variation with respect to the effects remains limited. In this study, we analyse the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) built on the Changjiang mainstream (Yangtze River) to investigate the dam effect variations in the system of interconnected water bodies located downstream. We investigated the effect of flow alterations along the downstream river network using discharge time series at different gauging stations. The river–lake interactions (referring to the interactions between the Changjiang mainstream and its tributary lakes i.e. the Dongting and Poyang lakes) and their roles in modifying the TGD effect intensity were also investigated in the large-scale river–lake system. The results show that the water storage of the tributary lakes decreased after the activation of the TGD. Severe droughts occurred in the lakes, weakening their ability to recharge the Changjiang mainstream. As a consequence, the effect of the TGD on the Changjiang flow increase during the dry season diminished quickly downstream of the dam, whereas its impact on the flow decrease during the wet season gradually exacerbated along the mainstream, especially at sites located downstream of the lake outlets. Therefore, when assessing dam-induced hydrological changes, special attention should be paid to the changes in the storage of tributary lakes and the associated effects in the mainstream. This is of high importance for managing the water resource trade-offs between different water bodies in dam-affected riverine systems.     

湖相深水细粒物质的混合沉积作用探讨*

沉积物的混合是自然界的普遍现象,湖盆中广泛发育的深水细粒沉积岩本身就是一类混积岩。以东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段下亚段—沙河街组四段上亚段细粒沉积岩为研究对象,通过厘米级岩心观察描述、小型沉积构造解剖、岩石薄片观察、X射线衍射全岩矿物分析及微量元素测试等方法,研究细粒物质的产出状态和混合方式;分析湖盆流体、气候及水体性质对细粒物质迁移、混合、沉积的控制作用,尝试探讨细粒物质的混合沉积机制。结果表明,湖相深水细粒沉积岩既有物质成分上的混合,也有结构的混合,且在宏观与微观的不同尺度均存在混合;混合沉积作用有均匀混合、纹层叠置混合、不均匀团块状混合等类型。纹层叠置混合沉积是最主要的混合沉积方式,依据纹层接触关系、所占比例及矿物产出状态可分为泥砂—灰纹层叠置混合型、泥—灰纹层叠置混合型、泥砂粒序—灰纹层叠置混合型、灰—泥—云纹层叠置混合型等。湖相深水细粒物质的混合沉积作用类型多且往往受多个因素同时控制,气候及水动力条件是控制细粒混合沉积岩发育的最主要因素,不同流体(浊流和底流)作用下的细粒沉积物混合作用存在差异。气候引起湖水性质变化及水体分层,从而控制不同类型细粒物质的絮凝沉降及化学沉积。不同构造部位、不同水体深度的混合作用不同;相同构造部位在垂向上也存在混合沉积方式的差异。