中国进出口贸易碳转移排放测算方法分析与评价

目前中国的碳转移排放测算方法有很多,虽然方法不尽相同,但总的结论和计算出的变化趋势类似。造成碳转移量测算结果产生较大差异的原因主要有两方面,一是碳排放强度的测算模型不同,二是对于中国加工贸易转移碳排放的认识不同。测算避免转移排放量时,如果不考虑加工贸易的影响,在某些年份（如2002年）甚至会得到＂中国是碳转移的净进口国...     

内膜揭除——排水管道非开挖内衬修复的要素

本文概要论述了排水管道内衬修复技术应满足的一般特征;同时从天津开发区现有排水管道运行中面临的实际问题出发,分析了非开挖内衬修复工艺选择时的关注点;特别强调了内膜揭除在排水管道内衬修复技术应用中的必要性。     

地面核磁共振在陕北基岩裂隙水地区找水的应用

地面核磁共振方法具有直接找水、提供水文地质参数、受地形影响小、垂向分辨率高、经济快速等优点,但它同时也具有易受电磁噪声干扰、横向分辨精度低、勘探深度小等缺点。通过核磁共振先探明地层中的地下水。再辅以钻探验证,说明该方法在层状基岩找水也是一种有效的方法。     

Spatial-temporal pattern and differences of land use changes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China during 1975�C2005

Regional land use changes are an important part of global changes. The research on land use changes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China attracts a lot of attention owing to the Three Gorges Dam building. The Three Gorges Reservoir Area becomes one of the important research areas. This study analyzed the transforming processes and traits of each land use type and the regional differences of land use changes during the past 30 years, summarized the distribution of different land use types in different buffer zones and regresses the equation areas and different buffer distances based on buffer analyses and regression analyses, and then analyzed the transforming rules in different buffer distances, got the optimal influence distances. The research results indicate that, (1) cultivated land lies at the northwest of the reservoir and was decreasing, however, the construction land was increasing, especially the urban construction land, a large number of land was flooded because of the reservoir water level rise; (2) urban area was sprawling quickly in developed and neighboring areas, and a great deal of cultivated land and a considerable amount of grassland were occupied; in the earlier time, rural settlements occupied lots of cultivated land and a sum of forestry land in the later time; (3) the optimum influenced distances for cultivated land and forestry land were 10–35 km, and for urban and rural settlements were in 5–20 km. Overall, this research can reflect the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use changes during the 30 years, and it is helpful for urban planning and land use planning in the reservoir area.     

基于ARM7和SIM300的全球对虾RFID追溯查询机的系统实现

针对传统的条形码食品追溯系统的局限性,提出一种采用先进的射频识别码(RFID)技术以及广泛使用的短信息技术来建立的对虾追溯查询系统。该系统能够快速、准确地将RFID数据通过短信的方式发送给后台短信网关,经网关处理,给客户提供快捷、有效的追溯信息,方便客户及时了解对虾的产地、养殖情况(饲料、用药)、以及生产情况等相关信息。     

与湘南白腊水锡矿床有关的骑田岭花岗岩的绿泥石化研究

湘南白腊水锡矿床位于骑田岭燕山期黑云母花岗岩中。绿泥石化是这一含矿花岗岩中常见的热液蚀变现象,对采自
钻孔的岩石样品研究发现,花岗岩的绿泥石化程度变化较大。本文选择三组绿泥石化蚀变程度显著不同的花岗岩样品进行
研究,探讨了与锡成矿密切相关的含矿花岗岩的绿泥石化作用。研究表明,不同程度绿泥石化花岗岩中的绿泥石,在产出
形式与化学成分上均表现出一系列明显不同的特征。依据绿泥石产出形式、化学成分、绿泥石化花岗岩地球化学等特征认
为,绿泥石对花岗岩造岩矿物的交代顺序为：角闪石、黑云母→斜长石、钾长石→石英;绿泥石形态特征的变化一方面与
绿泥石成分有关,另一方面与被其交代的造岩矿物晶体结构有关;花岗岩绿泥石化越强烈,全岩的烧失量和Zn含量就越
高,原岩的Cl丢失到蚀变流体中去的量也越多。随着花岗岩绿泥石化程度的加强,其绿泥石的主要成分含量会呈现出规律
性的变化。绿泥石的Si含量在绿泥石化过程中逐渐减少;长石遭受破坏溶解后释放出的Al在厘米尺度范围内发生迁移与再
分配,引起绿泥石Al含量的升高;Fe从热液中带入,蚀变花岗岩中绿泥石矿物含量的多少与水-岩反应体系中Fe的多少有
关;形成绿泥石所需的Mg主要来源于花岗岩暗色矿物内Mg的释放与再分配;Mn则主要由外部流体带入。     

The δ18O and δ13C records in an aragonite stalagmite from Furong Cave,Chongqing, China: A-2000-year record of monsoonal climate

A 7-cm long aragonite stalagmite, FR0510-1, from Furong Cave, Chongqing, was dated by ²¹⁰Pb and ²³⁰Th methods, revealing a-2000-year record of climate history under the influence of the East Asian Monsoon. The FR0510-1 record resembles Dongge Cave DA record on 10–100-year scales, but quite different from the Wanxiang Cave WX42B record, indicating that while stalagmite δ¹⁸O record represents local/regional moisture change, spatial variability of the monsoonal rainfall over eastern China must take into account. During the past 2000 years, climate in Chongqing was relatively wet in the intervals of 50 BC–AD 250, AD 1150–1450 and AD 1600–1950, and relatively dry during the periods of AD 250–1150 and AD 1450–1600. Dry conditions were prevailing over the Medieval Warm Period, whereas wet climates were dominant during the most time of the Little Ice Age in Chongqing area.     

徐沛煤田晚古生代成煤环境与聚煤规律研究

根据已有研究成果及大量钻孔资料,运用沉积学、煤田地质学的基本理论和方法,分析了徐沛煤田晚古生代的成煤环境,并总结了其聚煤规律及控制因素。结果表明,石炭—二叠纪聚煤作用主要发生在海岸带的堡岛体系和过渡相中,由海岸带向两侧,聚煤条件逐渐变差;堡岛体系泥炭坪形成的煤层厚度小,结构单一;三角洲体系分流间湾泥炭坪和泛滥平原泥炭沼泽形成的煤层厚度大;煤层在垂向上由薄至厚,结构由简单至复杂,稳定性逐渐变差;平面上,自北而南含煤层数逐渐增多,含煤层位逐渐抬高,条带状富煤带有向南迁移趋势。     

Trace metals in porewater of surface sediments and their bioavailability in Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao, China

Samples of porewater and the edible tissue of mottled clams, Ruditapes variegatus, were collected simultaneously at each of 12 stations from Jiaozhou Bay near Qingdao, China, in June of 2003. Chemical analysis focused on trace metals and major elements. Porewater concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn were distributed in a bimodal fashion among the 12 stations, with mean concentrations at six of the stations being 8–32 times mean values at the other six stations. The concentrations of the same metals in clams were remarkably similar among stations, the coefficients of variation being only 12–37%. Calculations performed with the computer program PHREEQC indicated that Pb and Cr in porewater were present only in the +2 and +3 states, respectively, and because dissolved Cd and Zn exist only in the +2 state, the bimodal distribution of these four metals likely reflects secondary effects associated with their scavenging by Fe and/or Mn under oxidizing conditions and subsequent dissolution in the reducing environment of the porewaters. Consistent with this hypothesis is the fact that the distribution of high and low metal concentrations was closely correlated with the granularity of the sediment, with lower metal concentrations associated with relatively coarse sediment. Comparison of published biological concentration factors with the ratios of metal concentrations in the clams to porewater metal concentrations indicated that the porewaters were not the primary sources of the metals in the clams. Mixing processes in the bay likely account for the rather uniform concentrations of metals in clam tissue.