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1 Introduction Soil is not only the major natural resource on which human being depends for the production of food, feed, fiber, renewable energy and raw materials, but also plays a key role in maintaining the complex terrestrial ecosystems and climate systems of this planet. Recent rapid increase in the human population is placing a great strain on the worlds soil resources. Only about 11% of the global land surface covered by the soils are being used to raise crops and livestock, in other … 相似文献
134.
Based on energy balance equation and mass transfer equation, a general model to estimate actual evaporation from non-saturated
surfaces was derived. Making use of two concepts, “relative evaporation” and “relative drying power”, a relationship was established
to account for the departure from saturated conditions. Using this model, the actual evaporation (evapotranspiration) can
be calculated without the need of potential evaporation estimation. Furthermore, the model requires only a few meteorological
parameters that are readily and routinely obtainable at standard weather stations. Based on nearly 30 years data of 432 meteorological
stations and 512 hydrological stations in China, in combined with GIS, nine typical river basins were selected. Using the
data of the selected river basins, the model was tested. The results show that the actual evaporation rate can be estimated
with an error of less than 10% in most areas of China, except few years in the Yellow River Basin. 相似文献
135.
Natural Resources Research - Exploration ventures in frontier areas have high risks. Before committing to them, firms prepare regional resource assessments to evaluate the potential payoffs. With... 相似文献
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Shear wave statics using receiver functions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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In the last decade pan evaporation measured at the Southern Dead Sea has significantly increased. Wind, temperature and humidity measurements at the Dead Sea starting in the 1930s as well as 3-D model simulations all seem to indicate a statistically significant change in the local climate of the Dead Sea region. The potential contribution to this climatic change through the weakening of the local land-sea breeze circulation caused by the reduction in the Dead Sea surface area in 1979–1981, is examined. It is suggested that since the breeze tempers the Dead Sea climate, its weakening has caused the air temperature to increase, the relative humidity to decrease and thus increased the pan evaporation. The climatic changes as implied by the MM4 Mesoscale PSU/NCAR model simulations, seem to fit the observed changes and to suggest a local tendency to the more arid climate that now prevails to the south of the study region. 相似文献
140.
Responses of interrill runoff and erosion rates to vegetation change in southern Arizona 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vegetation change, fi-om grassland to shrubland, has occurred over much of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts during the past century. The effect of this vegetation change on interrill runoff and erosion was examined by conducting rainfall-simulation experiments on large runoff plots on contemporary grassland and shrubland hillslopes. These experiments show that, compared to the grassland, the interrill portions of shrubland hillslopes (1) have higher runoff rates, (2) experience equilibrium runoff conditions much more frequently, (3) exhibit higher overland flow velocities, and (4) are subject to greater rates of erosion. The environmental change that has led to the vegetation change has been relatively minor, but its geomorphic impact has been substantial. 相似文献