Flow resistance adjustments of channel and bars in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in response to the operation of the Three Gorges Dam

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Since the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) was put into operation, the flood water level at an identical discharge rate has not displayed a decreasing trend along the...     

Seismic self‐centering steel beam‐to‐column moment connections using bolted friction devices

This paper first presents the force–deformation relationship of a post‐tensioned (PT) steel beam‐to‐column connection constructed with bolted web friction devices (FDs). This paper then describes the test program conducted in the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taiwan, on four bolted FDs and four full‐scale PT beam‐to‐column moment connection subassemblies using the FDs. Tests confirm that (1) the hysteretic behavior of four bolted FDs is very stable, (2) the friction coefficient between the steel plate and the brass shim is about 0.34, (3) the proposed force–deformation relationships reasonably predict the experimental responses of the PT connections under cyclically increasing deformations up to a beam peak rotation of 0.05 rad, and (4) the decompression moments do not degrade as beam cyclic deformations increase. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

冕宁冶勒地区石炭纪花岗岩的确定及其意义

位于扬子地块西缘中段的冶勒花岗岩体 ,为钾质过铝质地壳重熔型S型花岗岩。在岩体中获 350± 19Ma的年龄值 ,表明其侵位时代为早石炭世 ,为攀西古裂谷孕育时期的裂前台背斜隆起阶段的产物。这一成果填补了该区早石炭世岩浆活动的空白。     

利用数字遥感图像研究长白山天池火山近代喷发规模

利用LandsatTM、ERS - 1SAR遥感图像资料 ,结合地质考察、测年资料 ,采用多源数据融合技术 ,运用GIS、正交小波变换、人工神经元网络 ,对图像进行了分类 ,研究了长白山天池火山近代喷发规模及喷发物分布特点 ,为火山灾害评价提供了重要依据     

Quantitative analysis of riverbank groundwater flow for the Qinhuai River,China, and its influence factors

Interactions of surface water and groundwater (SW–GW) play an important role in the physical, chemical, and ecological processes of riparian zones. The main objective of this study was to describe the two‐dimensional characteristics of riverbank SW–GW interactions and to quantify their influence factors. The SW–GW exchange fluxes for six sections (S1 to S6) of the Qinhuai River, China, were estimated using a heat tracing method, and field hydrogeological and thermodynamic parameters were obtained via inverse modelling. Global sensitivity analysis was performed to compare the effects of layered heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity and river stage variation on SW–GW exchange. Under the condition of varied river stage, only the lateral exchange fluxes at S1 apparently decreased during the monitoring period, probably resulting from its relatively higher hydraulic conductivity. Meanwhile, the SW–GW exchanges for the other five sections were quite stable over time. The lateral exchange fluxes were higher than the vertical ones. The riverbank groundwater flow showed different spatial variation characteristics for the six sections, but most of the higher exchange fluxes occurred in the lower area of a section. The section with larger hydraulic conductivity has an apparent dynamic response to surface water and groundwater level differences, whereas lower permeabilities severely reduced the response of groundwater flow. The influence of boundary conditions on SW–GW interactions was restricted to a limited extent, and the impact extent will expand with the increase of peak water level and hydraulic conductivity. The SW–GW head difference was the main influence factors in SW–GW interactions, and the influence of both SW–GW head difference and hydraulic conductivity decreased with an increase of the distance from the surface water boundary. For each layer of riverbank sediment, its hydraulic conductivity had greater influence on its groundwater flow than the other layers, whereas it had negligible effects on its overlying/underlying layers. Consequently, the variations in river stage and hydraulic conductivity were the main factors influencing the spatial and temporal characteristics of riverbank groundwater flow, respectively.     

用流动形变观测判定强震危险地点的研究

分析了形变异常形成的机理，认为形变异常的空间与时间分布特征可以用断层活动闭锁区的形成及发展来解释，活动断层的闭锁区为强震发生地点。提出了半年至几年时间尺度判定强震危险地点的原则和判定危险区与危险地点的具体方法。     

流动形变及重磁综合监测断层的研究

分析了目前利用流动形变、重力、地磁复测资料进行地震预测所存在的困难，探讨了综合利用三种手段追踪应力场及地下介质动态的途径，提出了断层综合监测布点的原则，并介绍了依此原则所建的京西试验场的基本情况。     

Aerosol Hygroscopicity during the Haze Red-Alert Period in December 2016 at a Rural Site of the North China Plain

A humidification system was deployed to measure aerosol hygroscopicity at a rural site of the North China Plain during the haze red-alert period 17–22 December 2016. The aerosol scattering coefficients under dry [relative humidity (RH) < 30%] and wet (RH in the range of 40%–85%) conditions were simultaneously measured at wavelengths of 450, 550, and 700 nm. It is found that the aerosol scattering coefficient and backscattering coefficient increased by only 29% and 10%, respectively when RH went up from 40% to 80%, while the hemispheric backscatter fraction went down by 14%, implying that the aerosol hygroscopicity represented by the aerosol scattering enhancement factor f(RH) is relatively low and RH exerted little effects on the aerosol light scattering in this case. The scattering enhancement factors do not show significant differences at the three wavelengths, only with an approximate 2% variation, suggesting that the aerosol hygroscopicity is independent of the wavelength. Aerosol hygroscopicity is highly dependent on the aerosol chemical composition. When there is a large mass fraction of inorganics and a small mass fraction of organic matter, f(RH) reaches a high value. The fraction of NO₃^– was strongly correlated with the aerosol scattering coefficient at RH = 80%, which suggests that NO₃^– played an important role in aerosol hygroscopic growth during the heavy pollution period.     

Weekday AOD smaller than weekend AOD in eastern China on the basis of the MODIS AOD product

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - A weekly cycle of surface particulate matter (PM) characterized by smaller values during weekends and larger values during weekdays was reported in eastern...     

水氡异常的水动力学机制

在水氡异常机制研究中，人们以往都强调岩石力学机制，即孕震过程中岩石微破裂产生氡射气。然而，大量的震例表明，水氡异常可出现在孕震早期，可见于距震中较远的井中，那里的与那时的含水层岩石很难处在微破裂状态。因此，笔者提出水氡异常的水动力学机制，即在较低的应力水平下含水岩体的变形与其水动力状态的变化引起水氡异常的机制