表面增暖形态决定了全球水汽加温度直减率反馈的不确定性

气候反馈通常是利用与全球平均表面温度升高相关的辐射效应变化来评估的。但是反馈的不确定性不仅仅是全球平均表面温度升高的函数。全球气候模式的预测表明,海表面温度变化的地域不同,给区域尺度上的大气环流和降水响应带来了重大不确定性。在本文中我们证明了表面增暖的空间格局是造成水汽-直减率综合反馈的不确定性的主要因素。基于运用辐射核理论计算的31个气候模型中,气温和相对湿度变化的全球平均辐射效应证明了这一观点。我们的结果突出了区域气候变化对气候反馈不确定性的重要贡献,并确定了世界上限制表面增暖形态对提高气候预测能力最有效的区域。     

我国海洋资源环境承载力评价指标体系和评价方法

为促进我国海洋生态环境保护和海洋资源优化配置,文章结合已有研究成果,构建海洋资源环境承载力评价指标体系,并提出基于熵值法的评价方法。研究结果表明:海洋资源环境承载力评价指标体系包括目标层、3个要素层和18个指标层组成,其中海洋资源环境供给能力包括人均滨海湿地面积等6个评价指标,海洋资源环境承压能力包括海洋生物多样性等6个评价指标,人类经济社会发展能力包括人均海洋生产总值等6个评价指标;基于熵值法的评价方法包括评价指标标准化处理、评价指标权重确定和海洋资源环境承载力指数计算3个步骤;该评价指标体系和评价方法具有较强的可操作性,将在实践中逐渐完善。     

The lithologic diversity of the Moon recorded in lunar meteorites Northwest Africa 7611 and 10480

Northwest Africa (NWA) 7611/10480 are lunar regolith breccia meteorites, composed of mineral fragments and various clasts including mare basalts, volcanic glasses, gabbroic lithologies, and a diverse variety of highland materials (ferroan anorthosite, Mg-suite, magnesian anorthosite, and alkali suite rocks) as well as different subvarieties of impact melt breccia. The Apollo two-component mixing model calculation reveals that the NWA 7611 source region contains 58 wt% mare materials and 42 wt% highland components, but the estimated mare components in NWA 10480 have a higher abundance (66 wt%). The predominantly very low-Ti (VLT) composition in both fine-grained basaltic and coarse-grained gabbroic lithologies indicates a provenance associated with a thick lava flow or a single magmatic system. The co-occurrence of zoning patterns and fine-scale exsolution lamellae in pyroxene debris supports a cryptomare deposit as the best candidate source. Phosphate Pb–Pb ages in matrix fragments, impact melt breccia, and basaltic clast indicate that the breccia NWA 7611 records geological events spanning approximately 4305–3769 Ma, which is consistent with the ages of ancient lunar VLT volcanism and the products of basin-forming impacts on the lunar nearside. The youngest reset age at ~3.2 Ga is potentially related to the strong shock lithification process of breccia NWA 7611. Moreover, the similar petrology, texture, geochemistry, cosmic-ray exposure data, and crystallization ages support that basaltic component in Yamato (Y)-793274, and Queen Alexandra Range (QUE) 94281, NWA 4884, and NWA 7611 clan came from the same basalt flow.     

中国大陆黑碳气溶胶排放清单

The detailed high-resolution emission inventory of black carbon (BC) from China in the year 2000 was calculated. The latest fuel consumption data including fossil and biomass fuels, and socio-economic statistics used were obtained from government agencies, mostly at the county level, and some new emission factors (Efs) from local measurements were also used. National and regional summaries of emissions were presented at 0.2°×0.2°resolution. Total BC emission was 1499.4 Gg in 2000, mainly due to the burning of coal and biomass. The BC emission estimated here is higher than those in previous studies, mainly because the emissions from coal burning by rural industries and residences were previously underestimated. More BC aerosols were emitted from eastern China than western China. A strong seasonal dependence was observed for BC emissions, with peaks in January and December and low emissions in July and August; and this seasonality is mainly due to patterns in residential heating and the open burning of crop residues.     

试论"十五"期间我国地震地下流体前兆台网的优化与建设问题

根据我国地震地下流体前兆台网的现状、“九五”台站建设取得的进展与存在的问题,提出“十五”期间有关台网优化与建设方面的如下工作建议：（1）优化现有的台网;（2）完善与推广数字化观测技术,力争使经过数字化改造的台站数量由100个扩展到300个,实现数字化观测的台项由300个增加到10000个,基本实现我国流体前兆观测技术的现代化;（3）建设以地震监测与预测研究为目的前兆实验场。（4）建成地下流体学科技术中心;（5）建设重大工程的地震安全性监测系统。     

离石市近40年气候变化特征及趋势分析

离石市地处吕梁山脉中段,黄河一级支流———三川河中游,受地理位置和大气环流的共同影响,冬寒夏暑,春暖秋凉,四季分明,属典型大陆性季风气候。近百年来随着社会经济的快速发展,人类活动对自然环境的影响超过了以前的数百数千年,而环境、气候对人类的繁衍生存至关重要,气候变化     

L-Fuzzy集上(DG)Fuzzy积分特性

利用 L - Fuzzy集上 Fuzzyσ-代数和 Fuzzy测度的概念 ,将 (DG) Fuzzy积分推广到 L - Fuzzy集上。给出了这类对偶广义模糊积分的等价形式 ,讨论了积分的特性。特别是得到了这类对偶广义模糊积分的转化定理     

内蒙古西北部望湖山韧性剪切带构造特征及其地质意义

望湖山韧性剪切带位于中亚造山带中段南缘的雅干断裂带内。本文应用野外和显微构造解析、40Ar/39Ar和U- Pb同位素地质年代学手段来恢复该剪切带的构造演化史,并探讨了其与中亚造山带碰撞造山的关系。望湖山韧性剪切带走向近东西,具右行走滑性质。糜棱岩中长石和石英的动态重结晶方式限定了其变形温度在400~500℃,属高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相动力变质带。剪切带内岩株状产出的糜棱岩化闪长岩结晶年龄为331. 3±5. 7 Ma,侵入其中的同构造花岗岩脉结晶年龄为304. 8±2. 3 Ma。咸水湖组中同构造糜棱岩化黑云母二长花岗岩脉结晶年龄为308. 9±2. 0 Ma。侵入剪切带且未变形正长花岗岩结晶年龄为288. 4±1. 3 Ma。以上限定了该期韧性剪切变形时代在331~288 Ma之间。剪切带中糜棱岩的黑(白)云母40Ar- 39Ar同位素测年获得了253~237 Ma坪年龄,与侵入剪切带的三叠纪花岗岩年龄近一致,为晚期岩浆热事件的记录。综合分析,望湖山韧性剪切带应为中亚造山带在晚石炭世—早二叠世碰撞造山的直接记录,并在早二叠世晚期本区域碰撞造山结束。     

河北阳原侯家窑遗址区古河流与古人类生存环境研究

侯家窑遗址是旧石器中期重要的考古文化遗址,然而对侯家窑古人类的生存年代及生存环境至今尚存争议.本文通过野外地质观测、地磁测量和电阻率测深等工作以及动植物研究资料分析,对遗址区地质地貌环境,尤其是与古人类生存密切相关的古河流发育情况进行了系统研究.结果表明:1)在侯家窑遗址区发育一条NNW-SSE向的古河流,它形成于224ka B.P.前的泥河湾古湖泊大规模萎缩阶段,直至被晚更新世冲洪积物掩埋后才结束发育历史.2)侯家窑遗址古人类文化遗存埋藏于古河流截弯取直遗留的牛轭湖沉积层及不整合覆于其上的壤化粘土层中,时限为距今约224～ 161ka,即侯家窑古人类在此地生活达6万年之久.3)牛轭湖区不仅适宜多种植物生长,而且水流缓滞、清澈,是各类动物优先选择食物和饮水的地方.古人类在这里使用石球围猎,较之在其他地带成功率高.4)侯家窑古人类生存时期,气候寒冷,但这里的地形呈面向东南的宽阔圈椅状,光照条件良好,气候温和,其间又有河流穿过,生态环境相对优越,动植物资源较为丰富;而且遗址附近优质石器原料遍布,许多石料在河谷中即可寻到,方便石器制作.因此,对于旧石器时代以狩猎和采集为主要生活方式的古人类来讲,在寒冷的区域气候背景下,选择生存环境较好的侯家窑遗址区倚河而居势成必然.     

Evidence for the role of KIF17 in fish spermatid reshaping: expression pattern of KIF17 in Larimichthys polyactis spermiogenesis

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The homodimeric kinesin-2 protein KIF17 functions in intracellular transport and spermiogenesis in mammals. However, its role in fish spermiogenesis has not...