Storage and density of soil organic carbon in urban topsoil of hilly cities: A case study of Chongqing Municipality of China

Rapid urbanization results in the conversion of natural soil to urban soil,and consequently,the storage and density of the soil carbon pools change.Taking Chongqing Municipality of China as a study case,this investigation attempts to better understand soil carbon pools in hilly cities.First,the vegetated areas in the study area were derived from QuickBird images.Then,topsoil data from 220 soil samples(0-20 cm) in the vegetated areas were collected and their soil organic carbon(SOC) densities were analyzed.Using the Kriging interpolation method,the spatial pattern of SOC was estimated.The results show that the SOC density exhibited high spatial variability in the urban topsoil of Chongqing.First,the SOC density in topsoil decreased according to slope in the order 2°-6° < 25°-90° < 0°-2° < 6°-15° < 15°-25°.Second,the newly developed areas during 2001-2010 had a lower SOC density than the areas built before 1988.Third,urban parks and gardens had a higher SOC density in topsoil,residential green land followed,and scattered street green land ranked last.For hilly cities,the variability of terrain affects the distribution of SOC.The Kriging results indicate that Kriging method combining slope with SOC density produced a high level of accuracy.The Kriging results show that the SOC density to the north of the Jialing River was higher than the south.The vegetated areas were estimated to amount to 73.5 km2 across the study area with an SOC storage of 0.192 Tg and an average density of 2.61 kg/m2.     

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A new record of a flathead fish (Teleostei: Platycephalidae) from China based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding

A new record of Platycephalus sp.1 (sensu Nakabo, 2002) was documented based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding. We collected 174 specimens of the genus Platycephalus from Chinese coastal waters of Dongying, Qingdao, Zhoushan, and Beihai. Samples were identified as Platycephalus sp.1 morphologically. The coloration, meristic traits, and morphometric measurements are consistent with previously published records. In brief, it is an orange-brown flathead fish with dark brown spots scattered on head and body, lateral line scales 83 to 99 with one or two spine-bearing anteriormost pored scale, no yellow blotch on the caudal fin. Cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) gene fragments were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The mean evolutionary distance within the species Platycephalus sp.1 was 0.1%. Net evolutionary distances between Platycephalus sp.1 and other species of Platycephalus ranged from 10.8% to 19.7%, which is much greater than the threshold for species delimitation. The COI sequence analysis strongly supports the validity of Platyceohalus sp.1 at genetic level.     

SAR image coregistration using fringe definition detection

In order to overcome the limitation of cross correlation coregistration method for Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) interferometric pairs with low coherence,a new image coregistration algorithm based on Fringe Definition Detection(FDD) is presented in this paper.The Fourier transformation was utilized to obtain spectrum characteristics of interferometric fringes.The ratio between spectrum mean and peak was proposed as the evaluation index for identifying homologous pixels from interferometric images.The satellites ERS-1/2 C-band SAR acquisitions covering the Yangtze River plain delta,eastern China and ALOS/PALSAR L-band images over the Longmen Shan mountainous area,southwestern China were respectively employed in the experiment to validate the proposed coregistration method.The testing results suggested that the derived Digital Elevation Model(DEM) from FDD method had good agreement with that from the cross correlation method as well as the reference DEM at high coherence area.However,The FDD method achieved a totally improved topographic mapping accuracy by 24 percent in comparison to the cross correlation method.The FDD method also showed better robustness and achieved relatively higher performance for SAR image coregistration in mountainous areas with low coherence.     

济宁市耕地质量评价与保护对策研究

耕地资源作为一种非常重要的土地资源,对其质量的研究评价越来越受到人们的重视。该文综合选取了13个可能导致耕地质量发生变化的因素作为基础指标,运用基于AHP的模糊综合评价方法对山东省济宁市耕地资源的质量进行了综合评价。结果表明,济宁市耕地的质量等级为"一般",评价结果符合实际。针对评价结果,对可能导致耕地质量变化的驱动力因子进行了分析,并提出优化建议和措施。     

Heavy metal pollution in sediments of a typical mariculture zone in South China

The heavy metal inventory and the ecological risk of the estuarine sediments in Hailing Bay, an important maricultural zone along the southern coast of China, were investigated. Results show that the surface sediments were mainly polluted by As (2.17-20.34 mg/kg), Ni (1.37-42.50mg/kg), Cu (1.21-58.84 mg/kg) and Zn (11.69-219.22 mg/kg). Furthermore, the aquafarming zone was significantly more polluted than the non-aquafarming zone, and cluster analysis suggested additional sources of heavy metal input in the aquafarming zone. As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were mainly present in the non-bioavailable residual form in the surface sediments, whereas Cd was predominantly in the highly mobile acid soluble and reducible fractions. The ecological risk of the polluted sediments stemmed mainly from Cd, and from As, Cu and Pb to less degrees. The highest potential risks occurred near the aquaculture base, indicating the need to control heavy metal inputs from aquafarming activities.     

Analysis of implicit HHT‐α integration algorithm for real‐time hybrid simulation

Real‐time hybrid simulation is a viable experiment technique to evaluate the performance of structures equipped with rate‐dependent seismic devices when subject to dynamic loading. The integration algorithm used to solve the equations of motion has to be stable and accurate to achieve a successful real‐time hybrid simulation. The implicit HHT α‐algorithm is a popular integration algorithm for conducting structural dynamic time history analysis because of its desirable properties of unconditional stability for linear elastic structures and controllable numerical damping for high frequencies. The implicit form of the algorithm, however, requires iterations for nonlinear structures, which is undesirable for real‐time hybrid simulation. Consequently, the HHT α‐algorithm has been implemented for real‐time hybrid simulation using a fixed number of substep iterations. The resulting HHT α‐algorithm with a fixed number of substep iterations is believed to be unconditionally stable for linear elastic structures, but research on its stability and accuracy for nonlinear structures is quite limited. In this paper, a discrete transfer function approach is utilized to analyze the HHT α‐algorithm with a fixed number of substep iterations. The algorithm is shown to be unconditionally stable for linear elastic structures, but only conditionally stable for nonlinear softening or hardening structures. The equivalent damping of the algorithm is shown to be almost the same as that of the original HHT α‐algorithm, while the period elongation varies depending on the structural nonlinearity and the size of the integration time‐step. A modified form of the algorithm is proposed to improve its stability for use in nonlinear structures. The stability of the modified algorithm is demonstrated to be enhanced and have an accuracy that is comparable to that of the existing HHT α‐algorithm with a fixed number of substep iterations. Both numerical and real‐time hybrid simulations are conducted to verify the modified algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the modified algorithm for real‐time testing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

压缩感知技术在地震数据重建中的应用

地震资料室内处理过程要求野外采集的地震资料越多越好, 而地震数据远距离快速传输又要求野外地震数据量越少越好． 为解决这一矛盾, 将基于曲波变换与压缩感知的数据重建技术引入到地震资料处理中, 对实际的野外不完整数据进行压缩重建． 结果表明, 曲波变换相对于傅里叶变换在数据压缩采样方法中占有一定的优势． 但是, 在对实际资料进行处理时, 首先要对资料中的面波进行处理, 同时还要在一定曲波基元尺寸的情况下, 考虑缺失道数量的影响． 最终, 得到的重建数据图像纹理清晰、 连接自然, 从而验证了该方法的实用性和有效性．