36.5万年以来西边界底流冰期-间冰期不稳定性与ODP 646站位(拉布拉多海)黏土级沉积碎屑Sm/Nd比率的关系

1区域概况随着气候—海洋系统模拟工作力度的加大,相关古气候改变北大西洋深层水(NADW)生产力速率的论著十分亟需。大多数作者认为整体的NADW生产力在冰期降低,他们的推断范围不完全一致。冰期更大量的南大洋水体涌入北大西洋,而且北大西洋深部对流现在已被更浅的和更南部的对流所取代。有关更新世末次冰期—间冰期旋回NADW演变,主要研究成果如下:(1)沿冰岛—苏格兰溢流水团路径从冰岛盆地采集柱状样,对其进行磁各向异性测试。变化结果同过去20万a水体可变强度相关联。冰期氧同位素2期、4期、6期较之间冰期1期、3期、5期有30%的强度衰…     

Comparative performances of an objective grating concept in U.V. Spectroscopic observations of solar system objects

Prospects for an Earth-orbiting planetary observatory are fairly high for the next decade. Therefore, scientific priorities, subsequent requirements and their instrumental consequences have to be carefully analyzed.Detailed studies of spatio-temporal variations in the composition and chemistry of planetary atmospheres are of prime importance for the understanding of their evolution. Ultraviolet observations with an imaging spectrograph would be a means of partially fulfilling this objective. The performances of such an imaging spectrograph are studied in the case of observations of molecular absorption features in planetary atmospheres. A simple model of the source is used to simulate three-dimensional (spectral, spatial and temporal) data sets. We propose a method of data reduction which consists in focusing the images corresponding to different positions of the absorbing areas on the disk back onto a common frame of reference. The influence of the various parameters defining the absorption structure in the source on the contrast and width of the observed absorption dip is investigated as a function of the spectral dispersion of the instrument, as well as the effect due to spurious assumptions on the longitudinal position of the absorption area. A comparison with the performances of a long slit spectrograph capable of performing similar measurements shows that the objective grating concept, when it is optimized to the particular absorption bands of interest, has a significant advantage in terms of sensitivity, simultaneous spatial coverage and data reduction flexibility.

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Résumé Il est probable qu'un observatoire planétaire orbital verra le jour dans les dix ans qui viennent. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire d'analyser avec soin les priorités scientifiques d'un tel observatoire, les contraintes qui en découleraient et leur traduction sur le plan instrumental.L'étude détaillée des variations spatio-temporelles dans la composition et la chimie des atmosphères planétaires est de premiére importance pour la compréhension de leur évolution. La possibilité d'observer dans l'ultraviolet moyen avec un spectrographe imageur serait un moyen de répondre au moins partiellement à cet objectif. Les performances d'un tel instrument appliqué à l'observation de structures d'absorption moléculaire dans les atmosphères planétaires sont le sujet de la présente étude. Un modèle simple de la source est utilisé pour simuler les données tri-dimensionnelles (spectrales, spatiales et temporelles). Nous proposons une méthode de réduction des données qui consiste à ajouter dans un système de référence commun les images correspondant aux positions successives d'une région d'absorption sur le disque. L'influence des divers paramètres qui définissent la structure d'absorption sur le contraste et la largeur de la région d'absorption telle qu'elle est observée dans les données réduites, est étudiée en fonction de la dispersion spectrale de l'instrument, de même que les effets produits par des hypothèses erronées sur la position longitudinale de cette structure. Comparé un spectrographe à fente de caractéristiques identiques, le concept à réseau objectif, dans la mesure où il est optimisé pour les bandes d'absorption intéressantes, apparait présenter un avantage significatif en termes de sensibilité, de couverture spatiale simultanée et de souplesse dans le traitement des données.

     

Statistical analysis of a solar granulation plate

Two-dimensional autocorrelation function and power spectrum per unit area are given for a solar granulation plate taken at the Pic-du-Midi Observatory. A comparison is made between our result and the power per unit wave number taken from the Schwarzschild stratoscope data.     

On the stochasticity of Halley like comets

Using mainly Lyapunov characteristic numbers the stochasticity of Halley like cometary orbits has been investigated in the framework of different models of the restricted three body problem.     

88 centimetres of coastal erosion per year: The case of Kildare (Alberton), Prince Edward Island,Canada

Conclusion This short article has made it possible to determine the current conditions of erosion in one sector of the coast of Prince Edward Island, as well as to calculate, with as great a degree of accuracy as possible, the speed at which the ocean is destroying the shoreline of this sector. The intensity of shoreline erosion has varied over the years (Dubois and Longhurst 1984). The variation may perhaps be explained in part by the fact that water temperature varies in the same proportion as the temperature of the surrounding air (Trites 1984), and that over a period of several decades, the air temperature, and the climate in general, do vary (Trites 1984). Thus a study of the correlation between coastline erosion and climatological variations over several decades would certainly be a useful aid for predicting the future state of the coastline. There is also a need for a map of the various sectors of the PEI coast, showing their degree of susceptibility to various systems of erosion. Such a map would be extremely useful both for land management purposes (construction, roads, agriculture) and for security reasons (civil protection, ocean recreation.     

Motions, relative positions, and sizes of continua and bursts in solar noise storms

We present multifrequency radioheliograph observations of solar radio noise storms. The data base consists of observations carried out over 7 different days in the spring months of 1992 and 1993. In all, we present about 82 hours of data with 1 s time resolution at 4 different frequencies between 164 and 410 MHz. The spatial resolutions in the EW and NS directions vary with frequency from 1.2 to 0.8 and 3.7 to 1.5 arc min, respectively. In order to study the characteristics of bursts and continuum, we have developed a method for separating them in the time domain at each frequency. Our main results are: (i) there are no systematic large-scale motions of the continuum, the position is usually stable to within 2 of arc over durations of 3–4 hours and more; (ii) the positions of the continuum at different frequencies are often closer to each other than 1 of arc and have strongly correlated small-scale motions; (iii) the bursts have their positions scattered over the continuum extent and are slightly smaller in size than the underlying continuum; and (iv) there is no evidence for bipolar structures. We discuss the implications of these results for the current models of noise storm emission and for the trapping of suprathermal electrons.Presented at the CESRA Workshop in Potsdam, Germany, 16–20 May, 1994.     

Observations of chromospheric lines from OSO-8

The line profiles of L, Ca ii K and Mg iik were measured with the spectrometer of the Laboratoire de Physique Stellaire et Planétaire on board of OSO-8. The results of these measurements are presented.Mitteilungen aus dem Kiepenheuer-Institut Nr. 181.     

Stability functions correct at the free convection limit and consistent for for both the surface and Ekman layers

For the thermal stability function _h used to calculate heat and moisture fluxes in the surface layer, we choose a formulation which has the theoretically correct free convection limit % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaeikaiabgk% HiTGqaciaa-PhacaqGVaGaamitaiaabMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHi% TiaaigdacaGGVaGaaG4maaaaaaa!3DFE!\[{\rm{(}} - z{\rm{/}}L{\rm{)}}^{ - 1/3} \]. We then use the experimental result that z/L Ri to deduce a formulation with an exponent -1/6 for the momentum stability function _m. This formulation also resolves the matching problem at the interface between the surface and Ekman layers. The proposed functions are found to remain reasonably close to another formulation that is well supported by observations and has exponents -1/2 for _h and -1/4 for _m. The intent of the proposals is mainly to clarify and simplify the parameterization of the convective boundary layer in present day atmospheric models, without significantly altering the results.     

Improving the diagnostic relation for the nocturnal boundary-layer height

A one-dimensional model of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) has been used to investigate the time variation of the NBL height for stationary and horizontally homogeneous synoptic conditions. The time variation of the well known quantity = hflu _* has been shown to be related to the wind variation at the top of the NBL. For the simple simulated conditions, this variation depends only on the roughness length and the Coriolis parameter. The value of averaged over the whole night is a function of the friction velocity. An expression is proposed for which is compared with observations. Under stationary external conditions, the new relation improves the determination of the NBL height if compared with the classical relation using a constant value of .     

High Resolution Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) in a Transition Zone Environment: Application for Detailed Internal Architecture and Infilling Processes Study of a Rhône River Paleo-channel

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) was applied in a sand-infilled paleo-channel located in the Rhône Delta, in Southern France. The detailed pattern and sedimentological evolution of the channel fill deposits – know from both historical and geological sources – made it the ideal site to test the ERT method. A geoelectrical survey was performed, using the ABEM SAS-4000 multi-electrode array system in March 2003. Very low electrical resistivity values were obtained, ranging from 0.3 to 10 Ohm m, consistent with the high salinity measured in situ (the pore water conductivity was found to range from 0.9 to 1.2 S/m at 25 °C). The electrical resistivity profiles reflect mainly salinity variations. Indeed, in this case, salinity is so high that surface conductivity associated with clay minerals can be safely neglected. ERT provided valuable high-resolution information that complemented other exiting data such as historical information, bathymetric, geological, and lithostratigraphic data, which allowed the architecture of the channel to be defined. The ERT was used to determine the infilling dynamics of the Pégoulier Channel, which opens new perspectives in terms of paleoenvironmental reconstruction and paleodynamic studies.