This study focuses on the lithological characterization, quantitative deterioration assessment and conservation treatment
of the tenth century rock-carved Buddha statues in Korea. The Buddha statues were carved on light gray macrocrystalline biotite
granite, and features microcline phenocrysts and pegmatite patches. The rock-forming minerals are quartz, plagioclase, microcline
and biotite showing micrographic and porphyritic textures. Feldspars and biotite in the host rock have been partly altered
into sericite and chlorite by weathering. The surface of the Buddha statues is remarkably irregular due to granular disintegration
and the differential weathering of the quartz and microcline. In addition, horizontal and vertical cracks in the host rock
have promoted mechanical weathering. Biological colonization of the statues was serious, and featured dark gray and yellowish
green lichen, dark green bryophyte and some plants. The Buddha statues were evaluated as the highly weathered rock by ultrasonic
survey. The lower parts under the influence of water and areas with severely broken surfaces showed a much more advanced weathering
grade. Therefore, scientific conservation treatment was carried out for the long-term maintenance and conservation of the
Buddha statues. After pretests, dry, wet and chemical cleanings were applied to the statues. Next, joining of cracked parts
and surface consolidating were executed. Finally, the site environment was improved by installation of drain and trimming
trees around the statues to ensure more stable long-term conservation. 相似文献
The“tailing”effect caused by residual non-aqueous phase liquids(NAPLs)in porous aquifers is one of the frontiers in pollution hydrogeology research.Based on the current knowledge that the residual NAPLs is mainly controlled by the pore structure of soil,this study established a method for evaluating the residual saturation of NAPLs by investigating the fractal dimension of porous media.In this study,the soil column experiments of residual light NAPLs(LNAPLs)in sandy aquifer with different ratios of sands and soil were carried out,and the correlation between the fractal dimension of the medium,the residual of LNAPLs and the soil structure parameters are statistically analyzed,and its formation mechanism and main control factors are discussed.The results show that:Under our experimental condition:(1)the fractal dimension of the medium has a positive correlation with the residual saturation of NAPLs generally,and the optimal fitting function can be described by a quadratic model:SR=192.02 D2-890.73 D+1040.8;(2)the dominant formation mechanism is:Smaller pores in the medium is related to larger fractal dimension,which leads to higher residual saturation of NAPLs;stronger heterogeneity of the medium is related to larger fractal dimension,which also leads to higher residual saturation of NAPLs;(3)the micro capillary pores characterized by fine sand are the main controlling factors of the formation mechanism.It is concluded that both the theory and the method of using fractal dimension of the medium to evaluate the residual saturation of NAPLs are feasible.This study provides a new perspective for the research of“tailing”effect of NAPLs in porous media aquifer. 相似文献