大地电磁在地震预报中的应用

论述了大地电磁（MT）地震前兆多参数综合分析方法和扩展膨胀各向异性（EDA）电性前兆识别。不同的MT参数以不用的形态特征和方式，从不同侧重面反映地球电导率结构特征，充分利用包含于各参数内的信息，对它们随时间的变化进行综合分析研究有利于更可靠地判断新出现的MT前兆。EDA电性前兆是由孕震期间深部原地应力场的变化引起的，可能出现在一个较大的地域范围内，因而该前光是一种具有很好应用前景的地震前兆，利用MT法进行监测较为有利。     

砂岩油藏孔隙压力的测井解释方法

以大庆油田砂岩渗透性油藏为例，从砂岩油藏自然电位测井原理出发，依据过滤电位形成机理建立了通用的压力解释数学模型，应用测井数据对油层进行孔隙压力解释。编制自动扫描软件，在测井现场打印孔隙压力剖面，也可以进行室内解释。该方法具有计算精度高、生成速度快、可操作性强等特点，为钻井工艺设计提供了必要的压力资料，在油田开发调整方面也具有一定的实际意义。     

固定源建场测深在地形复杂区的勘探试验研究

固定源建场测深是一种时间域电磁测深方法，其具资料信噪比高，数据精度高，可避免地表电性不均匀引起的静态位移等优点。但用线圈作为磁探头的传统方法只能适用于地形平坦区，在地形复杂的勘探高难地区无法应用。采用磁棒代替线圈作磁探头，进行了固定源建场测深在地形复杂区的勘探试验。结果表明，改进后的固定源建场测深能适用于地形复杂区的勘探，其成果可弥补该类地区地震勘探资料的不足。     

不同景观区的岩石地球化学勘查方法研究

通过不同景观区岩石测量方法技术研究,提出了以岩屑测量、构造岩石地球化学测量、脉岩地球化学测量和面型岩石地球化学为主体的岩石地球化学测量技术方法系统。在森林覆盖区和风成沙干扰区以及残山戈壁区等浅覆盖区域可采用岩屑测量圈定矿化地段;在岩石裸露区和已开采的矿山采用构造岩石裂隙测量和脉岩测量追踪深部盲矿;面型岩石测量以一定面积的网格采集单元组合样,其具有样品采集和分析数量少、获取信息量大、可圈定不同尺度的找矿靶区的优点。     

Development of a hurricane boundary-layer wind model

Summary Hurricanes cause a variety of damage due to high winds, heavy rains, and storm surges. This study focuses on hurricanes’ high winds. The most devastating effects of sustained high winds occur in the first few hours of landfall. During the short period, hurricanes’ rainfall often increases, while the low-level pressure gradients continue to weaken. Latent heating does not appear to strengthen the surface winds. The indicator is that dry mechanisms such as the boundary layer processes and terrain are responsible for the damaging winds in the coastal areas. In this study, the design of a dry hurricane boundary layer wind model is described. The goal is to develop a forecast tool with near-real time applications in expeditious wind damage assessment and disaster mitigation during a hurricane landfall event. Different surface roughness lengths and topographic features ranging from flat land to the mountainous terrain of Taiwan were used in the model simulation experiments to reveal how the coastal environment affected the hurricane surface winds. The model performed quite well in all cases. The experiments suggested that the downward transfer of high momentum aloft played a significant role in the maintenance of high wind speeds at the surface. The surface wind maximums were observed on the lee sides of high terrain. The surface streamline analyses showed that the high mountains tended to block the relatively weak flow and caused small eddies, while they forced the stronger flow to turn around the mountains. Due to great difficulty in data collection, the hurricane boundary layer over land remains one of the least understood parts of the system. The dry model proves to be an effective way to study many aspects of hurricane boundary layer winds over a wide range of terrain features and landfall sites. The model runs efficiently and can be run on a medium-size personal computer. Received March 16, 2001 Revised September 10, 2001     

防雷系统日常维护浅析

从防雷系统日常维护以及检测实际工作中遇到的几个代表性问题来加以论述，介绍了欧洲国家解决这些问题的方法，以供防雷工作者参考。     

电接风电缆线故障的一种解决方法

现用的地面常规仪器中,电接风向风速计是故障率较高的一种,在各种介绍检修电接风仪器故障的材料中,只介绍了电路部分故障的检修方法,和机械部分的调整方法,似乎电缆故障只有更换。在实际工作中我曾遇到2次风电缆故障,并成功排除,现将我对电缆故障的解决方法写出来,供同行参考。     

21世纪重力与磁法勘探的展望

对21世纪重力与磁法勘探的仪器，数据处理技术，解释理论与方法，应用领域等方面的发展方向进行了分析与展望，发展航空标量，矢量，梯度重力测量和航空全梯度磁力测量，三分量磁力测量，提高综合信息采集能力；开展卫星重磁测量，综合卫星，航空，地面重磁测量资料研究地球结构与构造；发展高精度数据处理技术；重磁异常弱信号的提取，不同深度重磁异常的划分，低纬底变倾角化磁极以及位场面延拓；发展复杂条件下三维重磁场多参数综合反演可视化技术以及快速自动反演技术；探索磁性多参数的应用新领域，充分发挥磁法在环境污染调查中的作用并开拓应用新领域。     

神经网络反演双侧向电阻率测井曲线的物理约束

以一种新型高分辨率双侧向测井仪器在二维轴对称地层模型中的模拟响应为训练集训练BP神经网络，得到了针对该双侧向测井仪的反演网络模型。在训练中，神经网络结构的确定一般采用交叉验证法，但这种验证法经验性的成分偏重，不能完全解决网络结构的范化问题。为此，本文在模型的训练中，在交叉验证的基础上，根据双侧向测井的原理和仪器响应特性，提出了一种新的物理约束方法；反演地层电阻率的误差应随着侵入半径的增加而加大，违反此规律的模型不予采纳。理论研究结果表明，由此得到的神经网络模型具有很好的范化能力。     

Intelligent technology-based control of motion and vibration using MR dampers

Due to their intrinsically nonlinear characteristics, development of control strategies that are implementable and can fully utilize the capabilities of semiactive control devices is an important and challenging task. In this study, two control strategies are proposed for protecting buildings against dynamic hazards, such as severe earthquakes and strong winds, using one of the most promising semiactive control devices, the magnetorheological (MR) damper. The first control strategy is implemented by introducing an inverse neural network (NN) model of the MR damper. These NN models provide direct estimation of the voltage that is required to produce a target control force calculated from some optimal control algorithms. The major objective of this research is to provide an effective means for implementation of the MR damper with existing control algorithms. The second control strategy involves the design of a fuzzy controller and an adaptation law. The control objective is to minimize the difference between some desirable responses and the response of the combined system by adaptively adjusting the MR damper. The use of the adaptation law eliminates the need to acquire characteristics of the combined system in advance. Because the control strategy based on the combination of the fuzzy controller and the adaptation law doesn’t require a prior knowledge of the combined building-damper system, this approach provides a robust control strategy that can be used to protect nonlinear or uncertain structures subjected to random loads. Supported by: Hong Kong Research Grant Council Competitive Earmarked Research Grant HKUST 6218 / 99E and by the National Science Foundation under grant CMS 99-00234.