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911.
It has been observed that the field biodegradation rates for soluble hydrocarbon plumes are significantly smaller than the
aerobic rates observed in the laboratory. It is believed that this difference is related to the fact that in the field oxygen
and hydrocarbon must be mixed before the biodegradation reaction can occur, and that the effective degradation rate is controlled
by the actual, not mean, concentrations of oxygen and hydrocarbon. In this work, we present a conceptual model of oxygen-mixing
limited biodegradation, which indicates that the effective degradation rate should depend on the cross correlation between
the oxygen and hydrocarbon concentration fluctuations. This is followed by a development of a rigorous, field-scale model. 相似文献
912.
Dong-Jin Kang Chang Soo Chung Suk Hyun Kim Kyung-Ryul Kim Gi Hoon Hong 《Marine pollution bulletin》1997,35(7-12):305-312
Surface and subsurface water samples for 137Cs and 239,240Pu analysis were collected in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) during August 1993. The 137Cs levels of the surface waters are quite homogeneous in the East Sea (average = 3.1±0.2 mBq kg−1). The 239,240Pu levels vary from 6 to 10 μBq kg−1 in the surface. 239,240Pu to 137Cs ratios in the surface water are within 0.002 to 0.003. The East Sea may be regarded as a part of the North Pacific Ocean in terms of 137Cs dispersal in the surface, where the 137Cs contents of the surface seawater seem to be controlled primarily by the atmospheric input. However, since our sampling was made just two months prior to the widely publicized Russian dumping incident on the 17th October 1993, our measurements may provide background data to assess the immediate impact of the Russian dumping on the levels of 137Cs and 239,240Pu in the East Sea. 相似文献
913.
Ching-Min Chang Marian W. Kemblowski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1997,11(2):129-143
Within the framework of stochastic theory and the spectral perturbation techniques, three-dimensional dispersion in partially
saturated soils with a finite correlation scale of log-hydraulic conductivity is analyzed. The effects of spatial variability
of the moisture distribution parameter on the asymptotic spreading behavior of a unsaturated solute plume are assessed. This
is accomplished by comparing two asymptotic macrodispersivities and two variance of solute concentration, obtained for a constant
moisture content and spatially varied moisture, respectively. 相似文献
914.
915.
916.
917.
The mechanical properties of particulate systems are studied from a micromechanics point of view. Two approaches, namely, computer simulation and micro-structural continuum modelling are used. The computer simulation method is used to study the uniformity of the strain field and effect of particle rotations. These results are then used to evaluate the applicability of the micro-structural continuum model. Potential applications of the micro-structural continuum model in the study of mechanical properties of soils are discussed. 相似文献
918.
San-Shyan Lin J. L. Hong Wei F. Lee Y. H. Chang 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(11):829-838
A procedure that uses the structural damping (SD) concept for estimating the capacity of a pile based on the Statnamic (STN) pile load test results, formerly used by the authors for short piles, is extended in this paper for the STN tested long piles. Similar to segmental unloading point method procedures for long piles, the shaft length is divided into several segments and each segment is assumed to behave as a mass of a single degree of freedom. The SD concept is then applied to each segment to consider the displacement related soil damping instead of the velocity dependent damping. Instrumented strain gauge data at different levels of the shaft are required for the interpretation method. Three case studies are presented in this paper to study the validity and applicability of the present method. The predicted results are also compared to the available test or analytical data. 相似文献
919.
Characterization of liquefaction resistance in gravelly soil: large hammer penetration test and shear wave velocity approach 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ping-Sien Lin Chi-Wen Chang Wen-Jong Chang 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(9-10):675
Gravelly soil is generally recognized to have no liquefaction potential. However, liquefaction cases were reported in central Taiwan in the 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake and in the 1988 Armenia earthquake. Thus, further studies on the liquefaction potential of gravelly soil are warranted. Because large particles can impede the penetration of both standard penetration test and cone penetration test, shear wave velocity-based correlations and large hammer penetration tests (LPT) are employed to evaluate the liquefaction resistance of gravelly soils. A liquefied gravelly deposit site during the Chi-Chi earthquake was selected for this research. In situ physical properties of soil deposits were collected from exploratory trenches. Instrumented LPT and shear wave velocity (Vs) measurements were performed to evaluate the liquefaction resistance. In addition, large-scale cyclic triaxial tests on remolded gravelly soil samples (15 cm in diameter, 30 cm in height) were conducted to verify and improve LPT-based and Vs-based correlations. The results show that the LPT and shear wave velocity methods are reasonably suitable for liquefaction assessment of gravelly soils. 相似文献
920.
Abstract The Ogcheon fold belt and the Ryeongnam massif in the Korean Peninsula are made up of Precambrian igneous and sedimentary rocks that have been metamorphosed, tectonically deformed and extensively intruded by mafic to felsic plutonic rocks of Permian to Jurassic age. In the present study, we report seven new U–Pb zircon ages and Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic data for Permian to Jurassic plutons in the Ogcheon belt and the Ryeongnam massif. In the Ogcheon belt, these are: the Cheongsan porphyritic granite (217 ± 3.1 My), the Baegrog foliated granodiorite (206.4 ± 3.6 My), the Sani granite (178.8 ± 2.9 My) and the Yeonggwang foliated granite (173.0 ± 1.7 My). For the Ryeongnam massif, we report on the Yeongdeog foliated granodiorite (252.2 ± 2.9 My), the Sancheong gabbro (203.8 ± 3.3 My) and the Baegseogri foliated granodiorite (177.8 ± 2.4 My). All of these ages are lower concordia intercepts; the upper concordia intercepts indicate derivation from a Precambrian protolith. Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes also reveal that much of the Permian–Jurassic (252–173 Ma) plutonism in Korea was generated by recycling of Precambrian rocks. These new ages, together with other published zircon ages indicate that the plutonism in the Ogcheon fold belt is coeval with that in the Ryeongnam massif, but based on the Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic evidence, they are not cogenetic. In addition, zircon ages provide information on the movement along the Honam shear zone, which cuts across the whole Korean Peninsula and along most of its length provides the boundary between the Ogcheon fold belt and the Ryeongnam massif. It has a prolonged history of movement and deformation and appears to have been active from the Precambrian through to the Mesozoic, from before 1924 Ma to at least 180 Ma. The Permian–Jurassic igneous and tectonic activity in Korea is a manifestation of the more extensive orogenic activities that affected the East Asian continent at that time. In China, ultra high‐pressure rocks of the Qinling–Dabie belt formed between 210 and 230 Ma as result of the collision between the South China block and the North China block. In central Japan, corresponding plutonic activity is dated as 175 to 231 Ma. The absence of ultra high‐pressure rocks in Korea and Japan precludes a simple extension of the Qinling–Dabie belt eastwards; however, the effects of the continental collision eastwards are apparent from the igneous and tectonic activity. 相似文献