呼和浩特市降水化学特征分析

对2006年呼和浩特市降水离子监测资料进行分析,结果表明:降水呈碱性,季节分布明显,夏季降水集中且pH值为全年最低,冬季降水量少,pH值较高;SO42-离子为主要致酸离子,阳离子中Ca2+,Mg2+离子的浓度很高;降水中主要成分之间相关性显著,Ca2+的中和作用较强;降水气团的后向轨迹分析表明蒙古国的沙漠地区是呼和浩特冬春季碱性降水的主要来源,夏季较低的pH值降水则部分源于我国的华中、华北地区的酸性污染物中长距离输送。     

Comparison of manual and automatic methods for measurement of methane emission from rice paddy fields

The methane emission flux from rice paddies was simultaneously measured with automatic and manual methods in the suburban of Suzhou. Both methods were based on the static chamber/ GC-FID techniques. Detail analysis of the experimental results indicates: a) The data of methane emission measured with the automatic method is reliable. b) About 11 or 19 o’clock of local time is recommended as the optimum sampling time for the manual spot measurement of methane emission from rice paddies. The methane emission fluxes measured by manual sampling at local time other than the optimum time have to be corrected. The correction coefficient may be determined by automatic and continuous measurement. c) In order to get a more accurate result, an empirical correction factor, such as 18%, is recommended to correct the seasonally total amount of measured methane emission by enlarging the au-tomatically measured data or reducing the manually measured ones.     

基于PixelGrid的标准时点核准影像单景几何纠正方法研究

地理国情普查是国务院部署的重大项目,其中,第一次全国地理国情普查标准时点核准工作于2015年正式启动。面对多源的卫星遥感数据,对于影响因素复杂区域很难实现影像的自动纠正,因而,本文主要介绍了利用PixelGrid软件进行单景影像几何纠正的方法,为其他项目的困难区域影像处理提供参考。     

2014年4月大气环流和天气分析

2014年4月大气环流特征为,北半球极涡呈单极型分布,中心位于喀拉海北端附近;亚洲大陆东部高压脊强度偏强,导致4月我国气温较常年同期(11.0℃)偏高1.1℃,为1961年同期以来第五高值。东亚大槽强度和位置、南支系统和西北太平洋副热带高压接近常年平均状况。4月全国平均降水量为43.7 mm,比常年同期略偏少。月内,江南南部和华南等地出现短时强降水、雷雨大风等强对流天气;北方地区出现多次沙尘天气过程;此外,部分站次出现极端高温、极端降温事件。     

基于多雷达三维插值格点强冰雹诊断因子的强冰雹识别方法

为解决单部雷达强冰雹识别产品在雷达的探测范围、雷达的静锥区以及与基于格点的近风暴环境因子的融合上存在局限性的问题,本文建立了雷达反射率因子的三维局部空间插值及多部雷达拼图方法;类似于SCIT算法的风暴单体的VIL及SHI等冰雹识别参数的计算,基于多部雷达三维插值拼图数据集,实现了格点VIL、SHI、POH和POSH等算法,建立了基于三维格点的多部雷达强冰雹识别参数因子、风暴数值模拟的近风暴环境因子(0°层及-20°层高度)为识别参数的冰雹识别算法。为确定适合于贵州地区的冰雹识别阈值,使用贵州504个防雹炮点的冰雹观测资料及贵州2005年和2006年8次贵阳、遵义雷达站冰雹个例观测资料,建立了冰雹算法校验数据库;通过对降雹校验数据库的统计分析,建立了适于贵州地区VOD与冻结层高度统计关系式,确立了VIL密度产品的强冰雹判别阈值,并通过对WTSM的调整,改进了原来的POSH算法,在贵州西北部到中部一线的一次强冰雹过程中对强降雹区的识别效果较好。     

Titanium Isotope Analysis of Igneous Reference Materials using a Double-spike MC-ICP-MS Method

Ti separation was achieved by ion-exchange chromatography using Bio-Rad AG 1-X8 anion-exchange and DGA resins. For high-Fe/Ti and high-Mg/Ti igneous samples, a three-column procedure was required, whereas a two-column procedure was used for low-Fe/Ti and low-Mg/Ti igneous samples. The Ti isotopes were analysed by MC-ICP-MS, and instrumental mass bias was corrected using a 47Ti-49Ti double-spike technique. The 47Ti-49Ti double-spike and SRM 3162a were calibrated using SRM 979-Cr, certificated value 53Cr/52Crtrue = 0.11339. Isobaric interference was evaluated by analysing Alfa-Ti doped with Na, Mg, Ca, and Mo, and results indicate that high concentrations of Na and Mg have no significant effect on Ti isotope analyses; however, Ca and Mo interferences lead to erroneous δ49/47Ti values when Ca/Ti and Mo/Ti ratios exceed 0.01 and 0.1, respectively. Titanium isotopic compositions were determined for 12 igneous reference materials, BCR-2, BHVO-2, GBW07105, AGV-1, AGV-2, W-2, GBW07123, GBW07126, GBW07127, GBW07101, JP-1, and DTS-2b. Samples yield δ49/47Ti (‰) of ?0.035 ± 0.022, ?0.038 ± 0.031, 0.031 ± 0.022, 0.059 ± 0.038, 0.044 ± 0.037, 0.000 ± 0.015, 0.154 ± 0.044, ?0.044 ± 0.018, 0.010 ± 0.022, 0.064 ± 0.043, 0.169 ± 0.034, and ?0.047 ± 0.025 (relative to OL-Ti, ±2SD), respectively; of which isotopic compositions of DTS-2b, JP-1, GBW07101, GBW07105, GBW07123, GBW07126, and GBW07127 are reported for the first time. Standard Alfa-Ti was analysed repeatedly over a ten-month period, indicating a reproducibility of ±0.047 (2SD) for δ49/47Ti, similar to the precisions obtained for geochemical reference materials.     

JAPAN'S DIRECT MANUFACTURING INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES

Japan is the most important foreign investor in the United States. Japanese companies are trade-oriented and have ownership-specific advantages in select industries; their US investment is aimed at protecting their market share. The distribution of Japanese plants correlates well with US manufacturing, except that the West Coast and states that aggressively sought Japanese investment have more employees in Japanese plants. Japanese presence in US manufacturing is most prominent in consumer electronics, steel, automobiles, and high-technology industries.     

基于自适应多分辨率奇异值分解的大地电磁数据处理

针对强电磁干扰极易掩盖微弱的大地电磁有用信号,本文结合奇异值分解在去噪方面的优越性,提出基于自适应多分辨率奇异值分解（Adaptive Multi-Resolution Singular Value Decomposition,AMRSVD）的大地电磁数据处理方法.首先对大地电磁数据构建Hankel矩阵,利用MRSVD得到不同分辨率的近似信号和细节信号;然后选用近似信号和细节信号的标准差差值,对大地电磁数据进行信噪辨识;接着结合MRSVD和相邻细节信号的标准差差值,提出先验信息未知情况下的AMRSVD法;最后对辨识出的强干扰运用AMRSVD去除噪声,重构有用信号.实验结果表明,该方法的处理效率高,能有效分离出相关性较强的噪声,时间序列和视电阻率-相位曲线均得到有效改善.

     

南海北部陆架早—中中新世古珠江河道发育特征及汇流冲刷模式

河道体系是侵蚀和沉积物搬运的重要通道,控制了大陆边缘源汇体系中砂体总体的输送和分布格局,并可有效指示古代构造活动、物源供给、气候变迁和海平面变化等丰富地质信息。研究基于高分辨率的三维地震、钻测井资料,结合层序划分方法和地震沉积学综合分析手段,揭示了南海北部珠一坳陷早—中中新世古珠江分流河道体系的类型和展布特征,并且以典型层序为例精细揭示了海平面变化控制下河道类型由辫状向曲流的转换。同时,在研究区地震剖面上识别到多处异常下切现象,经研究可解释为辫状河道内的汇流冲刷,其典型特征为：① 下切深度局部增大;② 平面近似圆形或椭圆形;③ 内部为砂质充填。虽然汇流冲刷结构在地震剖面特征上与“传统”意义的下切谷极易混淆,但在沉积特征和成因上存在较大差别,因此,对它的识别有助于避免层序界面的错误判别,并且其后期充填的河道砂体具有局限分布的特点,易于在后期海侵泥岩的覆盖下形成潜在的岩性圈闭新类型。