应用地震层析成象技术研究深部速度结构

罗马尼亚Ｖａｎｃｅａ地震区是大陆上发生与板块磁撞和削减有关的中深部地震活动的地区之一。本文介绍了应用地震层析成象方法研究该地区深部速度结构成果。在研究中使用了地方和区域地震所记录的４３３个浅源和中部地震的到时资料反演求解深至２００ｋｍ的三维速度结构,在走时和射线路径的计算中利用了有效的三维射线跟踪技术,在反演中采用ＬＳＱＲ算法,高分辨率的地震层析图象揭示了速度结构的广泛不均匀性,结果表明,地震层析     

Analysis on pore pressure in an anisotropic seabed in the vicinity of a caisson

This paper presents an analysis of pore pressure around a caisson-type breakwater subjected to dynamic wave loading. Unlike previous investigations for wave-seabed-caisson interaction, cross-anisotropic soil behaviour is considered in this paper. Based on a linear poro-elastic theory, a finite element model is developed. A parametric study related to the effects of wave parameters, soil characteristics and geometry of caisson and rubble mound base on the pore pressure around a caisson is performed. The numerical results indicate that the effects of anisotropic soil behaviour on the wave-induced pore pressure in a sandy bed beneath a caisson are not negligible.     

四川长宁地区地震活动空间分布特征研究

近年来,四川长宁地区地震活动频繁,特别是2019年6月17日发生的长宁 M_S6.0 地震造成长宁及周边地区较为严重的人员伤亡和财产损失,引起社会和科研工作者的广泛关注。为探究长宁地区地震的发震构造和机理,利用双差定位方法对长宁 M_S6.0 地震前后一年时间段内的地震进行重定位,并采用波形拟合方法获得了14次M_S＞4.0地震的震源机制解,综合分析了长宁地区地震活动的空间分布特征,获得以下主要认识:①2019年长宁 M_S6.0 地震的发震构造为长宁背斜NW向的高倾角断层,地震序列的震源深度西深东浅,该地震是位于滑脱面之上先存断裂活化的构造地震事件; ②南部建武向斜地区地震活动频度高,且表现出丛集性的分布特征,推测与零散分布的页岩气开采活动密切相关; ③长宁地区南北2个区域地震活动的差异性受控于局部应力场方向的变化,北侧历史盐矿开采、南侧页岩气开采以及岩石介质物性的横向差异直接影响了地震的空间特征。     

滇西南地区地壳S波速度结构反演及强震孕震环境分析

基于滇西南地区31个宽频带地震台站记录的远震三分量波形数据,提取径向P波接收函数,以“中国地震科学实验场地区地壳剪切波速模型”为初始模型,进行精细化结构反演(垂向精度达2km级),并采用Bootstrap重采样技术进行统计和评估,获取了各台站下方的S波速度结构,结合地壳厚度、泊松比分布,对滇西南地区的地壳深部结构及强震孕震环境进行研究。结果表明:①研究区地壳S波速度分布在横向和垂向上均存在明显的非均匀特性。在中上地壳0～20km深度范围内存在明显且连续的低速层,平均厚度约15km,最大厚度达20km。在中下地壳20～28km深度范围内局部区域存在明显的低速层(厚度约8km),主要分布在普文断裂北端至阿墨江断裂中部区域(23°N附近),另外,在红河断裂附近和澜沧江断裂北部的局部区域也有分布; ②从孕震环境来看,景谷 M_S6.6 和 M_S5.8、墨江 M_S5.9 地震均发生在中上地壳低速层内,老挝 M_S6.0 地震发生在高、低速度的过渡区域。滇西南地区新生破裂带较为发育,地震波速的减小可能与地壳断裂或微裂隙中有流体的存在有关,研究区NW向新生破裂带的存在以及流体的长期作用,为带内高应变的突然释放提供了条件。另外,4个地震均发生在泊松比变化的高梯度带上,且地震发生处地壳厚度变化均较大。地壳厚度、泊松比变化剧烈的地区,地壳物质组成差异明显,壳内应变易于积累,有利于强震的诱发。     

五种天然水体胶体相可酶解磷的含量及分布特征

分别在太湖草型湖区胥口湾及藻型湖区梅梁湾采集水样,采用常规过滤与切向流超滤相结合的方法,将水体中的颗粒,胶体依据粒径大小分离,通过测定计算得到64-1μm,1-0.5μm,0.5-0.1μm,0.1μm-1nm,<1nm五个粒级的可酶解磷含量.同时采集太湖"引江济太"工程长江调水口--望虞河口水样、千岛湖水样及千岛湖下游河流型水库富春江段水样进行分析.结果显示,5种典型水体中颗粒相的可酶解磷含量占总可酶解磷含量的比重较高,胶体相的可酶解磷也占了相当的比重,是生物必需磷不可忽视的重要储库.望虞河口河水总磷0.216mg/L,可酶解磷含量达0.174mg/L,其输入可能对太湖水体生物有效磷浓度的增加起到重要的贡献,"引江济太"调水时具有一定生态风险.对于胶体范围的可酶解磷,胥口湾、望虞河的胶体态可酶解磷主要分布在较大、中胶体范围,梅梁湾和千岛湖的胶体态可酶解磷主要分布在中、微胶体范围,富春江水库的胶体态可酶解磷分布的相对比较均匀.     

Active control of highway bridges subject to a variety of earthquake loads

In this paper, a wavelet-fi ltered genetic-neuro-fuzzy(WGNF) control system design framework for response control of a highway bridge under various earthquake loads is discussed. The WGNF controller is developed by combining fuzzy logic, discrete wavelet transform, genetic algorithms, and neural networks for use as a control algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the WGNF algorithm, it is tested on a highway bridge equipped with hydraulic actuators. It controls the actuators installed on the abutments of the highway bridge structure. Various earthquakes used as input signals include an artifi cial earthquake, the El-Centro, Kobe, North Palm Springs, Turkey Bolu, Chi-Chi, and Northridge earthquakes. It is proved that the WGNF control system is effective in mitigating the vibration of the highway bridge under a variety of seismic excitation.     

川西甲基卡锂矿床伟晶岩结构分带及多期岩浆成矿作用

LCT(lithium- cesium- tantalum)伟晶岩的分带有两种形式,一种是单个伟晶岩脉的内部结构分带,这种伟晶岩脉通常体积巨大,内部结构显示出成分分带的特征,单一脉体中不同结构带中可能发育不同的稀有金属矿化带,例如新疆可可托海3号伟晶岩脉;另一种分带性表现为伟晶岩和成矿系统的区域分带,通常以高分异的过铝质花岗岩为中心,围绕花岗岩数以百计的伟晶岩脉显示出不同的伟晶岩类型和矿化类型,越向外围,伟晶岩的演化程度越高。区域分带内的伟晶岩单个脉体的规模不大、内部分带性差、含矿性各不相同,甲基卡锂矿就是这一类伟晶岩矿床的典型代表。对甲基卡矿区伟晶岩的野外观察发现,含Be的9号脉、含Li的133号脉和含Nb、Ta的528号脉具有相对较好的内部结构分带性,而含Li的104号脉和308号脉的内部分带性则相对较差,推测与脉体内部多期岩浆- 热液活动有关。甲基卡矿区伟晶岩脉的相互穿插现象说明,矿区存在多期次的岩浆与成矿作用。科学钻探在JSD- 2和JSD- 3两个钻孔中均发现含锂辉石的伟晶岩脉和细晶岩脉侵入在不含矿的马颈子花岗岩中,佐证了多期岩浆与成矿事件的存在。伟晶岩中不同矿物U- Pb定年结果表明,全区伟晶岩的形成至少有两期,分别发生在213~206 Ma和199~191 Ma。依据钻孔JSD- 1的研究表明,岩浆由深至浅逐步向高分异方向演化。从下向上,花岗岩与伟晶岩同步演化,花岗岩依次出现黑云母花岗岩、含白云母的黑云母花岗岩、二云母花岗岩、白云母花岗岩和钠长石花岗岩,伟晶岩依次出现微斜长石型伟晶岩、微斜长石- 钠长石型伟晶岩、钠长石型伟晶岩和钠长石- 锂辉石型伟晶岩。根据不同深度伟晶岩的矿化特点,矿床的垂向分带大致划分如下：0~105 m的Li- Be- Nb- Ta矿化带;0~860 m的Be- Nb- Ta矿化带;0~1730 m的第一期Nb- Ta矿化带;1730~3170 m的无矿伟晶岩带;3170~3211 m的第二期Nb- Ta矿化带。     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的斜坡堤越浪数值模拟研究

准确确定越浪量对于斜坡堤设计有重要意义。利用格子Boltzmann方法(LBM),并采用主动吸收式速度入口造波、出流边界消波、VOF方法追踪自由表面以及静态Smagorinsky模型模拟紊流运动,建立二维数值波浪水槽,对光滑斜坡堤上规则波与不规则波越浪进行数值模拟。模拟结果与试验值及其他数值模型结果比较表明,二维LBM数值波浪水槽具有模拟斜坡堤越浪的能力,但对于破碎较为剧烈的越浪过程模拟,该模型还存在一定的不足,未来可从提高自由表面模型精度等方面进一步改善其性能。     

Effect of sediment resuspension on underwater light field in shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: A case study in Longgan Lake and Taihu Lake

Based on three continuous in situ underwater light field measurement under different wind waves conditions in Longgan Lake, Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake in July 2003 and littoral zone near TLLER in July 2004, respectively, the effects of sediment resuspension caused by wind waves on PAR diffuse attenuation, absorption coefficients and euphotic depths are analyzed. In Longgan Lake, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients during small, middle and large wind waves were 1.74, 2.02 and 2.45 m-1, respectively, and the corresponding PAR spectral diffuse attenuations ranged from 0.98 to 2.97, 1.34 to 3.95 and 1.80 to 5.40 m-1, respectively. In Meiliang Bay, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients were 2.63, 3.72, 4.37 m-1 during small, middle and large wind waves. PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients increased by 41% and 66% from small to middle, large wind waves, respectively. Absorption coefficients integrated over the range of PAR of CDOM, phytoplankton were 0.26, 0.28 m-1; 0.76, 0.49 m-1, respectively during middle and large wind waves. Absorption coefficients integrated over the range of PAR of non-algal particulate matter and total suspended particulate matter increased from 0.94 to 1.73 m-1, and from 1.70 to 2.22 m-1, respectively during middle and large wind waves. Relative contributions of absorption coefficients of non-algal particulate matter to total absorption coefficient integrated over the range of PAR were 44.14%, 65.05%, respectively, during middle and large wind waves. PAR euphotic depths decreased by 0.40, 0.19, 0.20 m from middle to large wind waves in Longganhu Lake, Meliang Bay and littoral zone near TLLER. Significant correlations were found between transparency, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients, euphotic depths and total suspended paniculate matter, wind velocity, wave height. Most significant correlations were found between transparency, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients, euphotic depths and inorganic suspended paniculate matter but low correlations for chlorophyll a, dissolved organic carbon. Increase of total suspended paniculate matter, especially inorganic suspended paniculate matter caused by wind waves was the dominant factor affecting underwater light field in shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River based on observations at three stations.     

我国东北区域参考框架的空间关系时空特性研究

以东北地区2005～2018年近14 a的中国地壳运动观测网络数据为基础,采用三角划分方法构建相邻区域的基线时间序列,从频谱特征、残余共模误差、空间相对运动规律3个方面进行时空特征分析.结果表明,基线各分量的周期性影响主要以年周期和半年周期为主;基线之间的残余共模误差在平面方向的影响约为1.14 mm,垂直方向的影响最...