介质横向不均匀对震后地表位移场的影响

利用三维有限元模拟两层地球模型(包括弹性层和粘弹性层)介质的横向不均匀和断层错动的复杂性对震后地表位移场的影响，其数值结果包括弹性解和粘弹性解。结果表明，震后位移场的分布特征不仅与粘弹性层的流变特性有关，还与弹性层介质的剪切模量以及断层的同震错动有关。     

Fuzzy Optimum Model of Semi-Structural Decision for Lectotype Optimization of Offshore Platforms

In the process of concept design of offshore platforms, it is necessary to select the best from feasible alternatives through comparison and filter. The criterion set, used to evaluate and select the satisfying alternative, consists of many qualitative and quantitative factors. Therefore, the selection is a problem of multicriteria and semi- structural decision- making. Different from traditional methods in semi- structural decision- making, a new framework and methodology is presented in this paper for evaluation of offshore platform alternatives. First, the criterion set is established for the evaluation of alternatives. Next, the approach is studied to construct the relative membership degree matrix, in which both qualitative and quantitative factors are consistent with the uniform calculating standard. And then a new weight-assessing method is developed for calculation of the weights based on the relative membership degree matrix. Finally, a multi-hierarchy fuzzy optimum model is adopted to select t     

In-Situ Observation of Fluid Mud in the North Passage of Yangtze Estuary, China

Observations of fluid mud were made in the lower North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary in February 2000, on 10 -11 August 2000, on 30 - 31 August 2000 (after two strong typhoons), on 21 - 24 August 2000 (neap tide) and on 3 -6 September 2000 (mean tide) respectively. In situ data show that the fluid mud in this area consists of fine cohesive sediment (median size 7.23 μm). The formation and movement of fluid mud varied during the neap-spring and flood-ebb tidal cycle. Observations suggest that fluid mud phenomena in this area may be categorised in a three-fold manner as slack water, storm and saltwedge features. The thickness of the fluid mud layer of slack water during the neap tide ranged from 0.2 to 0.96 m, whereas during the mean tide, the thickness ranged from 0.17 to 0.73 m, and the thickness of the fluid mud layer was larger during slack water than at the flood peak. Shoals cover an area of 800 km^2 with a water depth smaller than 5 m. Erosion of these extensive intertidal mudflats due to storm action provides an abundant sediment source. This is particularly significant in this estuary when the tidal level is lower than 5 m. The lower North Passage is a typical zone of saltwater wedging, so the saltwedge fluid mud has the most extensive spatial range in the estuary.     

基于WiMAX的地质灾害应急无线通信系统探索

基于OFDM核心技术的WiMAX(全球微波接入互操作性)具有4G技术的特点。与3G和WiFi无线通讯技术相比具有明显的高速率、大容量数据传输优势。本文就基于WiMAX的地质灾害应急通讯系统的几种技术方案加以详细论述,说明WiMAX在地质灾害应急指挥中具有广阔前景。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷与松辽盆地孤店CO2气田含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石学特征

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷南屯组与松辽盆地孤店CO₂气田泉头组发育大量含片钠铝石砂岩。通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、茜素红-S染色、X射线衍射、电子探针与INCA能谱分析等,对含片钠铝石砂岩的骨架碎屑组分、胶结物与自生矿物、成岩共生序列等岩石学特征进行了系统研究。研究表明,含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石类型为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,粒度以细粒、细-中粒为主,分选差-中等。砂岩中胶结物主要为次生加大石英、自生石英、片钠铝石、铁白云石和粘土矿物。其中,片钠铝石最高可达砂岩总体积的22％在砂岩中或以放射状、束状、菊花状、杂乱毛发状、毛球状、板状等集合体充填孔隙,或呈束状和板状交代长石和岩屑。电子探针与INCA能谱综合分析表明,片钠铝石主要由Na、Al、O、C等组成。在含片钠铝石砂岩中,成岩共生序列依次为粘土矿物包壳-次生加大石英、自生石英、自生高岭石-油气充注-CO₂充注-片钠铝石-铁白云石。其中,CO₂注入前形成的自生矿物组合主要为次生加大石英、自生石英和自生高岭石,CO₂注入后形成的自生矿物组合主要为片钠铝石和铁白云石。     

重力斜导数方法在时间域中的理论模型与研究

Miller和Singh在1994年首次提出了斜导数(Tilt梯度)的定义,J.Derek Fairhead和Chris M.Green又于2004年在斜导数的基础上提出了Tilt梯度水平导数的概念。国内学者已对斜导数及斜导数水平导数展开研究,设定了多体模型、无限延伸倾斜脉模型、有限延伸倾斜台阶模型及埋深相同无限延伸垂直厚板及薄板模型,得出一些结论。针对一些地质体产状的判断,提出非绝对值斜导数水平导数的新概念,并应用于理论模型中验证,得出正确的结论。在上述理论模型基础上补充了断层模型和无限延伸倾斜台阶模型,应用非绝对值水平导数的理论解释地质体的产状,并对上述模型提出新的观点和看法。     

VSP资料约束地层反滤波研究

浅地表的低速带和地层滤波作用导致地震信号的能量衰减,地震子波的高频快速衰减,速度频散的子波变形,对地震底层分析带来了严重的影响。地层反滤波算法就是为了消除地层对子波的影响,利用VSP中的直达下行波推算出每个地层滤波算子,计算出各个地层滤波算子的反算子,然后利用这些反算子恢复出地表记录中损失掉的高频成分,减弱地层滤波对波形的影响,增加地表记录的频率成分和波形的准确度。分析实际地震资料表明,经过地层反滤波处理后的记录频率成分明显提升,地质构造更加准确、清晰。     

叠前时间偏移在华北地区的应用

从应用的角度较详细地论述了三维叠前克希霍夫时间偏移的过程。在给定合理的偏移孔径下,三维叠前克希霍夫时间偏移利用均方根速度对叠前地震数据进行逐道处理,从而得到准确的归位数据。叠前时间偏移相对叠后时间偏移而言,前者能够进一步提高地下信息的成像质量及归位准确性,信噪比和分辨率也得到了改善,能够满足精细的地震资料的解释。因此,三维叠前克希霍夫时间偏移对于速度变化平缓、地下构造较复杂的地区具有广泛的应用价值。     

地震信号的相位恢复及误差分析

常见的几种地震子波有:零相位子波、最小相位子波、最大相位子波和混合相位子波。以不同类型的信号为激发子波,对不同地层模型合成地震道。仅用原始合成地震道记录的振幅谱来恢复原始记录,讨论不同方法下,由于激发子波的不同,对比分析原始记录与恢复记录的差异,及其恢复效果。     

深层地震勘探激发井深探讨

深层地震勘探野外资料采集的关键是在保证原始资料一定信噪比的基础上,同时兼顾分辨率,激发井深是决定资料品质的重要因素之一。通过对虚反射滤波作用分析,提出了充分利用虚反射能量设计最佳激发井深,增强下传地震波能量的采集方法。理论分析和试验资料表明,在高速层下4～7m的最佳激发岩性深度是深层勘探的理想井深。