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71.
72.
Collapsing white dwarf stars (or degenerate cores) may occur in binary systems, in the formation of Type I supernovae or in the formation of pulsars. These collapsing configurations may explode their nuclear fuel (12C or16O) by the detonation wave mechanism. A combination of analytical and numerical models is used to investigate the formation of detonation waves. The tentative conclusion is that a detonation wave will form which will lead to the ignition of esentially all the fuel in such a collapsing star. This potentially explosive configuration will be strongly affected, however, by rapid beta processes which occur in the detonated matter and which should cause a fraction of the stellar mass to collapse toward a neutron star state. The nature and effect of such beta processes, which have not yet been incorporated in the dynamical calculations, are discussed.An appendix gives approximate expressions for the pressureP(,T) and the internal energy densityU(,T) for a degenerate relativistic electron gas and an analysis of the errors expected in making such approximations to the standard parametric form of the equation of state. These expressions are useful in analyzing shock waves in a degenerate electron gas.Supported in part by the National Science Foundation [GP-15911, GP-9114, GP-19887] and the Office of Naval Research [Nonr-220 (47)] at the California Institute of Technology, and National Science Foundation Grant GP-12455 at the University of Colorado. 相似文献
73.
A laboratory sensor has now been developed to measure the absolute thickness of oil on water slicks. This prototype oil slick thickness measurement system is known as the laser-ultrasonic remote sensing of oil thickness (LURSOT) sensor. This laser opto-acoustic sensor is the initial step in the ultimate goal of providing an airborne sensor with the ability to remotely measure oil-on-water slick thickness. The LURSOT sensor employs three lasers to produce and measure the time-of-flight of ultrasonic waves in oil and hence provide a direct measurement of oil slick thickness. The successful application of this technology to the measurement of oil slick thickness will benefit the scientific community as a whole by providing information about the dynamics of oil slick spreading and the spill responder by providing a measurement of the effectiveness of spill countermeasures such as dispersant application and in situ burning.
This paper will provide a review of early developments and discuss the current state-of-the-art in the field of oil slick thickness measurement. 相似文献
74.
Morphological response of tidal marshes,flats and channels of the Outer Yangtze River mouth to a major storm 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shi-Lun?YangEmail author Carl?T.?Friedrichs Zhong?Shi Ping-Xing?Ding Jun?Zhu Qing-Ying?Zhao 《Estuaries and Coasts》2003,26(6):1416-1425
Systematic morphological changes of the coastline of the outer Yangtze River mouth in response to storms versus calm weather
were documented by daily surveys of tidal marshes and flats between April 1999 and May 2001 and by boat surveys offshore during
this and earlier periods. The largest single event during 1999 to 2001 was Typhoon Paibaian, which eroded the unvegetated
tidal flat and lower marsh and led to accretion on the middle-to-upper marsh and in the subtidal channel. The greatest erosion
of 21 cm occurred at the border between the marsh and the unvegetated flat due to the landward retreat of the marsh edge during
the storm. Strong waves on the flats increased suspended sediment concentration by 10–20 times. On the upper marsh, where
the frequency of submergence by astronomical tides is only 3%, Typhoon Paibian led to 4 cm of accretion, accounting for 57%
of the net accretion observed over the 2-yr study. Typhoon Paibian led to 4 cm of accretion, accounting for 57% of the net
accretion observed over the 2-yr study. Typhoon Paibian and other large storms in the 1990s caused over 50 cm of accretion
along the deep axis of the river mouth outlet channel. During calm weather, when hydrodynamic energy was dominated by tides,
deposition was centered on the unvegetated flats and lower, marsh with little deposition on the high marsh and erosion in
the subtidal channel. Depositional recovery of the tidal flat from typhoon-induced erosion took only several days, whereas
recovery of the subtidal channel by erosion took several weeks. A conceptual model for the morphological responses of tidal
marshes, flats, and subtidal channels to storms and calm weather is proposed such that sediment continually moves from regions
of highest near-bed energy towards areas of lower energy. 相似文献
75.
We present lightcurves and analysis for four new monolithic fast-rotating asteroids: 2000 AG6, 2000 DO8, 2000 EB14, and 2000 HB24. Their rotation periods of 4.60, 1.30, 107.47, and 13.05 min place them well below the critical threshold for the rotation rate of strengthless prolate ellipsoids, as we demonstrate. These four objects join the five previously identified fast-rotating asteroids. The sharp segregation in spin rates between these nine objects and asteroids with more typical spin rates is somewhat puzzling. No observed objects larger than about 200 m spin with rates faster than the critical rate for strengthless prolate ellipsoids, while no objects smaller than 200 m have shown spin rates slower than this critical limit. We hypothesize that these small, fast-rotating objects are representative of the building blocks of the “rubble pile” asteroids and are in fact derived from impacts into already existing “rubble piles.” 相似文献
76.
The solubility of KFe(CrO4)2·2H2O, a precipitate recently identified in a Cr(VI)-contaminated soil, was studied in dissolution and precipitation experiments. Ten dissolution experiments were conducted at 4–75°C and initial pH values between 0.8 and 1.2 using synthetic KFe(CrO4)2·2H2O. Four precipitation experiments were conducted at 25°C with final pH values between 0.16 and 1.39. The log KSP for the reaction
相似文献
77.
Kenneth W. Bruland Minoru Koide Carl Bowser Louis J. Maher Edward D. Goldberg 《Quaternary Research》1975,5(1):89-98
Rates of sedimentation in two Lake Superior deposits were determined by both ragweed pollen and 210Pb geochronologies. The former yields an average rate over the time since the first appearance of enhanced concentrations of the pollen as a consequence of human settlement. Sedimentation rates derived on these two bases can be brought into accord if the first appearance of ragweed pollen in the sediments was around 1830 and if the sedimentation rates have been uniform over the past century. 相似文献
78.
79.
Carl P. Beitelshees C.Judson King Hugo H. Sephton 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1981,8(2):97-110
An experimental study was made to identify surfactants which are effective for removal of copper from dilute aqueous solution (100–500 ppm) by precipitate flotation as the sulfide, and which at the same time can be recovered from the CuS product for recycle. Batch flotation experiments confirmed that a cationic surfactant was necessary for flotation of CuS from such dilute suspensions; however, no satisfactory way could be found for recovering cationic surfactants from the CuS. This led to consideration of amphoteric surfactants, which are cationic at low pH and anionic at high pH. It was found that a change to negative, rather than simply neutral, charge was required for efficient surfactant recovery. It was further found, through the assistance of experiments in which the CuS suspension was agitated with solvents, that certain functional groups which interact chemically with the CuS surface should also be absent from the surfactant molecule. Following this logic, Amphoterge K-2 (Lonza Chemical Co.) was identified as a suitable surfactant, provided CuS was precipitated with S2? in excess. Tests established that 95% of adsorbed Amphoterge K-2 could be recovered by raising the pH to 11 and boiling the suspension for one hour, followed by decanting. Surfactant thus recovered was effective in a second flotation test. Foamate solids settled rapidly; such behavior would help reduce the consumption of chemicals for the pH change.Column flotation studies were made using Amphoterge K-2 for removal of Cu2+ present at 100 ppm and pH = 2. High removals of CuS could be obtained at concentrations of surfactant above about 25 ppm, for which conditions a substantial fraction of the surfactant remains in solution rather than being adsorbed onto the CuS. The recovery of CuS would be improved by introducing the surfactant in a separate feed, below the feed of CuS suspension. Adding some surfactant in the CuS feed, as well as in a lower feed, gave an even better recovery of CuS (99.8%) at sufficiently high surfactant loadings. 相似文献
80.