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排序方式: 共有1187条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
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大芦家地区渐新统东二1亚段三角洲前缘砂体微相及储集性研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过岩芯、录井、测井资料的综合分析,发现大芦家地区渐新统东二段主要由三角洲前缘亚相组成,砂体的成因类型主要包括三角洲前缘亚相的河口坝、水下分流河道、水下天然堤和决口扇、席状砂、远砂坝。它们不仅具有各自独特的沉积特征和测井相特征,而且其空间储集物性的分布也各不相同。此外,它们还具有较强的层内非均质性,层间非均质性和平面非均质性却较弱。 相似文献
93.
Pit crater structure and processes governing persistent activity at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Hazel Rymer Benjamin van Wyk de Vries John Stix Glyn Williams-Jones 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,59(5):345-355
Persistent activity at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua, is characterised by cycles of intense degassing, lava lake development
and pit crater formation. It provides a useful site to study the processes which govern such activity, because of its easy
accessibility and relatively short cycles (years to decades). An understanding of the present activity is important because
Masaya is visited by large numbers of tourists, is located close to major cities and has produced voluminous lavas, plinian
eruptions and ignimbrites in the recent past. We provide structural and geophysical data that characterise the "normal" present
state of activity. These indicate that the ongoing degassing phase (1993 to present) was not caused by fresh magma intrusion.
It was associated with shallow density changes within the active Santiago pit crater. The activity appears to be associated
predominantly with shallow changes in the pit crater structure. More hazardous activity will occur only if there are significant
departures from the present gravity, deformation and seismic signatures.
Received: 16 May 1997 / Accepted: 29 October 1997 相似文献
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Benjamin N. Powell 《Tectonophysics》1975,27(3):295-297
96.
Tracing variability of run‐off generation in mountainous permafrost of semi‐arid north‐eastern Mongolia
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The headwaters of mountainous, discontinuous permafrost regions in north‐eastern Mongolia are important water resources for the semi‐arid country, but little is known about hydrological processes there. Run‐off generation on south‐facing slopes, which are devoid of permafrost, has so far been neglected and is totally unknown for areas that have been affected by recent forest fires. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study applied artificial tracers on a steppe‐vegetated south‐facing and on two north‐facing slopes, burned and unburned. Combined sprinkling and dye tracer experiments were used to visualize processes of infiltration and water fluxes in the unsaturated zone. On the unburned north‐facing slope, rapid and widespread infiltration through a wet organic layer was observed down to the permafrost. On the burned profile, rapid infiltration occurred through a combusted organic and underlying mineral layer. Stained water seeped out at the bottom of both profiles suggesting a general tendency to subsurface stormflow (SSF). Ongoing SSF could directly be studied 24 h after a high‐intensity rainfall event on a 55‐m hillslope section in the burned forest. Measurements of water temperature proved the role of the permafrost layer as a base horizon for SSF. Repeated tracer injections allowed direct insights into SSF dynamics: A first injection suggested rather slow dispersive subsurface flow paths; whereas 18 h later, a second injection traced a more preferential flow system with 20 times quicker flow velocities. We speculate that these pronounced SSF dynamics are limited to burned slopes where a thermally insulating organic layer is absent. On three south‐facing soil profiles, the applied tracer remained in the uppermost 5 cm of a silt‐rich mineral soil horizon. No signs of preferential infiltration could be found, which suggested reduced biological activity under a harsh, dry and cold climate. Instead, direct observations, distributed tracers and charcoal samples provided evidence for the occurrence of overland flow. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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利用线阵CCD分辨率高、像素均匀等特点对光栅莫尔条纹进行细分是目前广泛采用的一种新技术。由于CCD具有自扫描能力,能将光强随空间分布的莫尔条纹信号转换成随时间变化的电信号,从而可以对光栅刻线的像的移动进行精确定位和直接数字化,改变传统莫尔条纹位相细分方法,实现对光栅栅距进行高倍数的细分。 相似文献
100.
Jean Carlos Montero-Serrano Viviane Bout-Roumazeilles Nicolas Tribovillard Thomas Sionneau Armelle Riboulleau Aloys Bory Benjamin Flower 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(27-28):3333-3347
Cored sediments from the Pigmy Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico, were analyzed in order to better constrain late deglacial and early Holocene paleoenvironmental and sedimentary changes in response to North American climate evolution. Mineralogical and geochemical proxies indicate the succession of two sedimentary regimes: dominantly detrital during the deglaciation (15–12.9 cal ka BP) whereas biogenic contribution relatively increased later on during the Younger Dryas and early Holocene (12.9 and 10 cal ka BP). Geochemical data reveal that the deglacial record mainly reflects variations of terrigenous supply via the Mississippi River rather than modifications of redox conditions in the basin. Specific variations of almost all the parameters measured in this paper are synchronous with the main deglacial meltwater episode (Meltwater Spike) described or modeled in previous marine or continental studies. During this episode, most parameters display “stair-step-like” – pattern variations highlighting three successive steps within the main meltwater flow. Variations in grain-size and clay mineral assemblage recorded in the Pigmy Basin indicate that the erosional regime was very strong on land during the first part of the Meltwater Spike, and then milder, inducing more subtle modifications in the sedimentary regime in this part of the Gulf. Specific geochemical and mineralogical signatures (notably, clay minerals and trace metal geochemistry) pinpoint a dominant origin from NW North America for detrital particles reflecting meltwater outflow from the south-western Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) margin during the most intense freshwater discharge. The observed decrease of the sedimentation rate from about 200 to 25 cm/ka at ca 12.9 ka evidenced a drastic decrease of erosional processes during late phase of discharge, consistently with the hypotheses of major reduction of meltwater flow. The major modification at 12.9 cal ka BP is interpreted to result from both modifications of the main Mississippi fluvial regime due to eastward and northward rerouting of meltwater flow at the onset of the Younger Dryas, and the increase of sea-surface temperature linked to insolation. Finally, slight grain-size modifications suggest that some freshwater discharges may have episodically reached the Gulf of Mexico after the Younger Dryas reflecting possible small adjustments of the postglacial hydrological regime. 相似文献