Reservoir Potential of Silurian Carbonate Mud Mounds in the Southern Sichuan Basin, Central China

Lower Silurian mud mounds of the Shinuilan Formation, located in the southern Sichuan Basin, China, have developed in open shelf settings in deeper water than shallow-water reef-bearing limestones that occur in the region. An integration of the outcrop, drill data and seismic profiles show that contemporaneous faults have controlled the boundary and distribution of the sedimentary facies of Lower Silurian rocks in the southern Sichuan Basin. Mounds appear to have developed in the topographic lows formed by synsedimentary faulting, on the sheff of the Yangtze Platform. Average mound thickness is 20 m, maximum 35 m. Mounds are composed mainly of micrite, possibly microbially bound, and are overlain by shales. Mound tops are preferentially dolomitized, with the Mg^2＋ source probably from the clay content of the mound-top carbonate. Microfacies analysis and reconstruction of the diagenetic history reveal that the mound tops have higher porosity, and are gas targets; in contrast, mound cores and limbs show pores filled by three generations of calcite cement, and therefore have a low gas potential.     

Groundwater Systems and Eco-hydrological Features in the Main Karst Regions of China

1 Introduction Karst topography is widespread in China (Lu et al., 1973; Lu, 1986a), but its basic features are quite different in the main karstified areas in southern and northern China (Lu, 1999, 2003). The karst development appears to differ not only in the karst geomorphological types but also in the forms of the different karst water systems. The eco-hydrological features have obviously been influenced by human activities. The eco-hydrogeology is thus of great importance to study. Th…     

论兰坪盆地白秧坪铜(钴)矿床成因的氦氩同位素证据

对兰坪盆地白秧坪铜钴矿床围岩及流体包裹体的研究揭示,蚀变围岩中存在锂元素的高浓集异常,相对于上地壳值(20×10-6)平均富集系数为14.55;在成矿早阶段(主成矿阶段)的流体包裹体中,Li+的含量占阳离子总量的20%以上;在假定锂的丰度同地壳一致的前提下,前人依据白秧坪铜钴矿床矿物流体包裹体中He和Ar同位素值,得出成矿流体中有幔源氦加入的结论。但由于核反应6Li(n,α)3He的存在,其3He/4He值异常于正常地壳值的原因是由于矿区存在锂的元素高浓集。故笔者认为,尚无确切证据推断白秧坪铜钴矿床成矿流体中及成矿过程中有幔源氦的参与。     

洞穴研究进展综述

洞穴学发展到现阶段,已成为一门综合性交叉学科。本文综述在洞穴分类、洞穴发育演化机理和模拟实验研究、洞穴探测与国际合作、洞穴资源及数据库建设、洞穴沉积物分类及成因研究、洞穴石笋的古环境记录研究、洞穴生物研究、洞穴景观旅游开发、洞穴环境系统观测与洞穴医疗试验研究、洞穴保护与管理等方面所取得的进展。     

青藏高原第四纪泛湖期与古气候

对青藏高原不同位置的17个湖区进行地质调查,并结合卫星照片和地形图解译的基础上,笔者对高原泛湖区形成时间、范围和古气候进行了深入的研究。青藏高原第四纪最晚的两次高湖面(溢流面)时间约为40～30/35ka和65～53ka;在该时段高原为巨大的相互连通泛湖系所覆盖,总面积约达360000km2,湖水总体积约达53×108km3,分别较现代湖泊的总面积和总体积大38倍和659倍。在该泛湖期之前晚更新世还有3次高湖面:132～112ka、110～95ka和约91～72/83～75ka。说明青藏高原晚第四纪气候变化具有不稳定性和快速变化的特点。约40～30ka高湖面还出现在青藏高原以北腾格里沙漠,说明该时期存在特强的南亚夏季风;岁差周期20ka的太阳高辐射变化对位于地球低纬地带、高海拔地区的青藏高原有着特殊的重要性。在30ka前后,伴随青藏高原的快速抬升和古气候变冷,青藏高原周缘泛湖突然外泄,在短时间内巨量冰冷湖水倾泄入印度洋和西太平洋。该泛湖倾泄事件已造成高原周缘江、湖等环境变化。     

新(晚期)构造运动的物质、能量效应与油气成藏

受板块构造背景和深部过程的控制,不同盆地的新(晚期)构造运动具有不同的表现型式,包括伸展和转换-伸展背景下的快速沉降和断裂活化、挤压背景下的强烈隆升和构造掀斜等。新(晚期)构造运动对油气成藏具有强烈的物质效应(对油气成藏要素构成的改造)和能量效应(对成藏动力学环境和过程的影响)。新(晚期)构造运动对油气成藏和分布的影响取决于新(晚期)构造运动期源岩的生排烃状态、新(晚期)构造运动的动力学性质、沉降-抬升的速率、幅度和区域变化及断裂活动程度。建造期(盆地保持沉降、充填状态;源岩处于生、排烃阶段;超压的产生过程仍在进行,超压释放后可得到动态补给)的构造运动可以导致幕式快速成藏,所形成的油气藏属于阶段性充注的原生油气藏,改造期(盆地沉降、充填停止,处于抬升、剥蚀和构造变形状态;源岩生、排烃作用已终止;超压的产生过程已经终止,超压释放后不能得到补给)断裂活化型构造运动可导致已聚集油气的突发性穿层运移和跨层聚集,形成非连续充注的次生油气藏;改造期无断裂活化型构造运动特别是构造掀斜运动可以导致已聚集油气的层内调整,形成有成因联系的调整型油气藏系列。新(晚期)构造运动对油气成藏既可以具有建设性作用、也可以产生调整、改造作用甚至破坏作用。     

西藏驱龙斑岩铜矿S、Pb同位素组成:对含矿斑岩与成矿物质来源的指示

驱龙铜矿是西藏陆陆碰撞造山带冈底斯斑岩铜矿带内代表性矿床之一。本文对其含矿斑岩和矿石矿物进行了S、Pb同位素组成分析。驱龙矿床含矿斑岩与矿石矿物的硫同位素组成比较一致,含矿斑岩δ34S为-2.1‰~-1.1‰,黄铜矿δ34S为-6.3‰~-1.0‰,均值-2.76‰;硬石膏δ34S为 12.5‰~ 14.4‰,平均 13.4‰。成矿热液中的硫同位素基本达到了平衡,显示出岩浆硫组成特点。含矿斑岩的206Pb/204Pb范围为18.5104~18.6083,207Pb/204Pb变化于15.5946~15.7329之间,208Pb/204Pb为38.6821~39.1531之间;矿石矿物黄铜矿的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb分别为18.4426~18.5909、15.5762~15.6145、38.5569~38.8568。含矿斑岩与矿石矿物的铅同位素组成比较一致,它们的变化幅度较小,应具有相同的起源与演化历史。无论是岩石铅还是矿石铅,在铅构造模式图上均位于造山带铅演化曲线上。驱龙矿床硫、铅同位素数据暗示,成矿物质主要来自深源岩浆,含矿斑岩起源于西藏造山带加厚的下地壳熔融,具有幔源成分的混染。     

西藏双湖托纳木区块油气成藏条件分析与评价

托纳木地区位于西藏北羌塘盆地的南缘,通过综合油气地质评价,认为该区块内的晚侏罗世地层中存在有效的储集层和储集体;生储盖组合配置较好;烃源岩生烃强度高;具有适时有效的圈闭构造,对油气保存条件有利;托纳木背斜为该区块内最具勘探前景的圈闭构造。     

沉积盆地中镜质组反射率异常的物理化学环境探讨

根据实测的压力和镜质组反射率数据讨论了沉积盆地中镜质组反射率异常的物理化学环境.认为异常压力并不是导致镜质组反射率受到抑制的唯一原因;沉积盆地中有机质镜质组反射率异常的原因除与有机质本身的性质有关外,还与其所处的温度、压力等物理环境及其周围的流体性质、无机元素(矿物)的组成等化学因素密切相关.通过对钻井异常高压带和正常压力带剖面密集取样进行的微量元素与镜质组反射率分析表明,偏酸性、低盐度的流体介质有利于有机质镜质组反射率的增加;通过分析泥岩中的某些元素丰度与镜质组反射率的对应关系,初步确定钙、锰、锶、硼、钡、磷等元素对镜质组反射率的演化有抑制作用,而铁、钴、锌、镍、铷等元素对有机质的热演化具有催化作用.本研究对于有机质成熟校正、油气资源评价和利用成熟度古温标恢复盆地热历史都具有意义.     

Study on Paleoearthquakes of the Eastern Liupanshan Piedmont Fault Zone

Based on trench excavation and detailed field investigation, the authors have ascertained that 6 paleoearthquake events have occurred in the Haizixia area of the Eastern Liupanshan Piedmont fault zone since 46Ka B.P. The recurrence time of 6 events were about 15000a, 20250a, 14750a, 12150a, 8550a and 4000a B.P., respectively, the recurrence intervals were about 15000a, 5500a, 2600a, 3600a and 4550a, respectively. According to M-D empirical relations, the vertical dislocation of events 1 and 2 corresponded to the dislocation of the earthquake with M8.0; the vertical dislocation of events 3-6, was corresponded to the dislocation of earthquakes with M6.5~7.5.