大质量恒星演化的若干问题(英文)

大质量恒星由于其高光度、短寿命和质量损失 ,对星系的积分光谱能量分布和重元素增丰起主导作用 ,从而在研究星系的形成和演化上具有特殊的意义。特别是随着天文设备的长足进展 ,我们可以回溯宇宙演化的历史 ,得到形成初期时星系的观测性质。那时 ,大质量恒星主导星系的辐射性质 ,这更加突出了对大质量恒星进一步了解的迫切性。但是大质量恒星的演化性质相对中小质量恒星而言 ,有很多不确定性。本文通过对比现有恒星模型与实测结果 ,对现有大质量恒星演化理论中存在的几个与对流和质量损失相关的问题进行了评述 ,并对从理论上 ,特别是通过数字模拟方法对这些问题进行诊断提出了展望。     

IRAS 10173+0828的翘曲拱核环中的 OH超脉泽

对IRAS 10173+0828的拱核环中的OH超脉泽进行MERLIN§高分辨观测,得到了拱核环为翘曲的证据,同时得到了10个速度通道中OH超脉泽的等强度轮廓线向东西方向延伸的角尺寸与其相应速度通道中峰束流量密度成正相关关系.     

恒星辐射不透明度对赫罗图中蓝回绕的影响(英文)

使用不同的恒星辐射不透明度数值 ,对 5至 9个太阳质量恒星的演化模型进行计算 ,来研究辐射不透明度对赫罗图中蓝回绕的影响。结果表明在赫罗图中 ,使用OPAL不透明度值的恒星演化迹中存在着蓝回绕。而且 ,随着辐射不透明度的增加 ,蓝回绕会快速收缩直至消失     

城市地球物理学发展展望

目前，全球50％以上的人口生活在地球表面不到1％的面积上，城市化是当今全球发展的重要趋势。人类活动是生物圈中最重要的活动之一。半个世纪以来，人类活动的重要特征就是人口的城市化。作为传统地球物理学的一个新的发展领域，城市地球物理学就应运而生了。城市面临的环境问题和灾害减轻问题，都要求发展城市地下三维地图的科学基础。地下三维地图既是城市地球物理学的核心科学问题，也是我国地球物理学家面临的挑战和机遇。城市地球物理是地球物理学新的发展领域。     

用太阳系主要天体的位置建立特大地震的时间预测模型

根据某类事件发生时太阳系主要运动天体的位置，通过对其历史资料的归算，尝试并设计出一种具有普适性的事件时间预测模型．以1900-1980年间全球所有8级及以上的99次地震为例，定义与天体特征位置(视黄经)相关的发震率，初步建立预测发震时刻的概率曲线．指出这可能成为研究地震预报问题的新途径．     

基于断层相互作用的地震活动有限元模型

基于断层相互作用，初步建立了西南地区有限元动力学模型，讨论了由于地震发生产生的应力变化对西南地区整个系统的应力调整情况。初步结果表明，许多强震均发生在应力增强区。因此，本模型对判断未来强震危险区有一定的意义。     

In the Mountain''''s Shadow: Japan''''s Silk Reelers Blazed an Asian Path of Economic Development

1 Introduction: A Dissonant Fragment On entering Chichibu, many visitors feel as if they were passing through a time warp into another country or a bygone era as the train leaves behind Tokyo抯crowded suburbs and winds through steep slopes forested with oaks, beeches and cedars. The Oku Chichibu highlands, however, are a mere 70 kilometers northwest of Tokyo, or about 50 minutes by rail, less than the average two-hour of daily commute of 搒alarymen?within metropolitan area. The sense of s…     

地壳形变与地下水异常关系研究进展

地壳形变异常是地壳构造变动中直接的表现，也是物理含义最为明确的地震前兆之一。地下水异常能够提供多种形式的构造活动过程(包括地震)。这两类异常能够以不同的力式和特点反映出地震孕育过程中伴随的前兆信息，并成为地震预报的重要手段；而它们之间既相互联系又相互影响。因此，对两类异常关系的研究对于识别地震前兆特别是短临前兆至关重要。归类了地震孕育模型及其前兆异常机理，并对前兆异常机理进行归纳整理和简述，然后从机理和前兆方面综述了地壳形变与地下水异常关系的研究成果。     

MODIFIED MASS FLUX CUMULUS CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME AND ITS SIMULATION EXPERIMENT—PART Ⅰ:MASS FLUX SCHEME AND ITS SIMULATION OF THE 1991 FLOOD EVENT

Based on the existing cumulus convective parameterization schemes,a mass flux scheme(MFS)for cumulus convective parameterization has been successfully developed by reference to thework of Chen et al.(1996).The MFS is a comprehensive scheme.In MFS,not only theimportance of the large-scale moisture convergence is taken into account,but also it includes thecumulus updrafts and downdrafts,cumulus-induced subsidence in the environmental air.entrainment,detrainment and evaporation.The interaction between the cumulus and theenvironment is described by using a one-dimensional bulk model.At the same time the schemeincludes the penetrative and shallow convections.The MFS has been successfully incorporated into the regional climate model RegCM2developed by NCAR.The new model has been applied to simulate summer monsoon characteristicsand their variations of heavy rainfall process in the Changjiang-Huaihe River Basins for threemonths from May to July 1991.The results show that the new model can successfully simulate thisrainfall prolonged process.By comparising the model outputs of RegCM2.using the Kuo schemeand the MFS.it is found that the MFS is better in simulating the surface temperature,rainfallposition and amount,and rainfall duration.     

Early warning for geo-hazards based on the weather condition in China

According to national early warning practice for geo-hazards from 2003 .to 2005, it is systematically concluded that the basic characteristics of geo-hazards, early warning method and forecast result based on the geological maps of China in a scale 1：6 000 000. With the contrast of different characters between sustained rainfall and typhoon rainfall inducing geo-hazards, the disaster reduction result and some problems are preliminarily analyzed. Some basic recognition is that early warning to geo-hazards is feasible, national scale forecast is only to call attention, but can＇ t immediately be used to disaster reduction decision-making. And, the future direction is to build a united disaster reduction framework of early warning system including national, provincial and county levels based on weather factors in different scale of area.