The Gas Resources Assessment Expert System of the Songliao Basin

The gas resources assessment expert system is one of the advanced methods for appraising oil and gas resources. The establishment of a knowledge base is the focal task in developing the expert system. This paper presents a summary of the mechanism and the major controlling factors in the formation of gas pools in the southeast uplift of the Songliao basin. Then an appropriate assessment model is established for trapping the gas resources and a knowledge base built in the expert system to realize the model. By using the expert system to appraise the gas-bearing probability of 25 major traps of the Quantou and Denglouku Formations in the Shiwu-Dehui area, the authors have proved that the expert system is suitable for appraising traps in the Songliao basin and similar basins.     

Palaeoclihlatic Indicators of China's Quaternary Saline Lake Sediments and Hydrochemistry

In this paper the authors classify saline lake sediments into the cold, warm and eurythermal phases, reveal the consistency between the zoning of hydrochemical types of modern saline lake water and climatic zoning and give climatic parameters under the conditions of typical cold phase (mirabilite and natron), warm phase (thenar-dite) and slightly warm phase (bloedite) saline lake deposition.     

Heat Dissipation and Entropy Variation of the Earth System

The Earth system is characterized by the contradiction between increasing disorderness of the nature and increasing orderness of life evolution. The second law of thermodynamics shows that the irreversible process of heat dissipation of the Earth takes place naturally in only one direction, while paleontology shows that life on the Earth proceeds toward a state of increasing order. Why the life could be flourishing on the Earth in some periods or rapid extinction in some other times while the…     

塔里木盆地塔中低凸起奥陶纪油气成藏体系

国外含油气系统的概念和方法在国内的含油气盆地研究中的应用存在着局限, 应用油气成藏体系的理论方法对塔中低凸起奥陶系油气成藏过程进行了分析.塔中低凸起奥陶纪油气成藏体系的源岩为寒武系及下奥陶统烃源岩; 满加尔坳陷中的砂体和不整合面是油气侧向运移的输导体, 同时深部断裂是油气垂向运移的输导体; 圈闭类型主要为古隆起背景上的地层型圈闭和构造型圈闭.塔中Ⅰ号断裂构造带是最为有利的油气聚集区, 塔中北坡次之, 中央断垒带最差.塔中Ⅰ号断裂带依然是下一步勘探的重中之重.      

莺歌海盆地东方1-1底辟区深部热流体穿层的热应力及其效应

东方1 - 1底辟区的热流体活动相当强烈和频繁.深部热流体的穿层上涌产生热应力造成了局部的应力场状况的变化, 形成了特征性的构造和断裂系统, 水力破裂、热流体拱张形成褶皱和局部破裂等, 这些褶皱和断裂共同构成了底辟带热流体活动中垂向输导的主要通道之一.由于热流体穿层活动不仅携带了大量的烃类气和CO₂等非烃气, 而且具极强的热力作用, 引起了强烈的热异常, 导致所穿入的浅部地层中的热力学参数, 如粘土矿物的演化、储层中流体包裹体以及岩石所含有机质的镜质体反射率等发生一系列的异常变化, 致使底辟作用前后底辟体内部及其围岩的特征具有非常显著的差别.本次研究对热流体穿层所引起的热应力效应和温度异常采用Field模型进行了定量动力学模拟, 结果显示应力场和温度场的分布随着时间不断向上迁移, 使各小断裂和裂隙连通形成流体的良好的垂向运移通道, 在热流体活动的通道附近热应力的影响十分明显, 致使局部应力急剧增高      

一种基于小波变换的波达方向估计方法

通过利用最大重叠离散小波变换对信号进行预处理,以减小噪声的功率,从而提高信噪比,使传统的波达估计方法在低信噪比情况下也能正常使用;所用的小波变换方法不要求数据长度为2的整数次方,且具有移位不变性,使得该方法的实用性更强;最后,通过数字仿真试验验证该方法的有效性。     

Relocation and Genetic Analysis of Earthquakes in the West of Xietan Area of Three Gorges Reservoir

136 earthquakes,taking place in the west of Xietan area,recorded by portable stations deployed in the Three Georges reservoir area were relocated using the double difference algorithm.The relocations show that the root-mean-square deviations of the relocations in the directions of E-W,N-S and U-D are 0.38km,0.33km and 0.98km,respectively.The earthquakes in clasolite area with focal depths of about 4km～5km take on linear distributions from the shallow to deep parts.These earthquakes were deduced to be reservoir-induced earthquakes of fault fracture type.In contrast,the earthquakes in limestone pavement with the focal depths about 2km～3km take on slightly divergent distributions and have the characteristics of reservoir-induced earthquakes of the karst collapse type.     

Spatial variations of the 660-km discontinuity in the western Pacific subduction zones observed from CEArray triplication data

We examined the spatial variation of velocity structures around the 660-km discontinuity at the western Pacific subduction zones by waveform modeling of triplication data.Data from two deep earthquakes beneath Izu-Bonin and Northeast China are used.Both events were well recorded by a dense broadband seismic network in China (CEArray).The two events are located at approximately the same distance to the CEArray,yet significant differences are observed in their records:(1) the direct arrivals traveling above t...     

Relocation of aftershocks of the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake and its implication to seismotectonics

From 14:28 (GMT+8) on May 12th,2008,the origin time of MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,to December 31th,2008,more than 10 000 aftershocks (M≥2.0) had been recorded by the seismic networks in Sichuan and surrounding areas.Using double difference algorithm,the main shock and more than 7 000 aftershocks were relocated.The aftershocks distribute about 350 km long.The depths of aftershocks are mainly between 10 km and 20 km.The average depth of aftershocks is about 13 km after relocation.In the southwest,the distribut...     

Rapid afterslip and short-term viscoelastic relaxation following the 2008 M_W7.9 Wenchuan earthquake

Significant postseismic deformation of the 2008 M W 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake has been observed from GPS data of the first 14 days after the earthquake. The possible mechanisms for the rapid postseismic deformation are assumed to be afterslip on the earthquake rupture plane and viscoelastic relaxation of coseismiclly stress change in the lower crust or upper mantle. We firstly use the constrained least squares method to find an afterslip model which can fit the GPS data best. The afterslip model can explain n...