"049"川渝暴雨的Q矢量与湿位涡分析

采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料对"049"暴雨过程的准地转Q矢量及湿位涡进行诊断分析,揭示了暴雨期准地转Q矢量散度场、涡度场以及锋生函数的分布特征以及与暴雨之间的时空配置关系,指出了Q矢量散度与垂直运动有很好的配置关系,低层Q矢量辐合有利于上升运动的发展和维持,Q矢量对此次暴雨过程具有一定作用;暴雨区对流层中低层的对流不稳定与条件性对称不稳定对此次暴雨过程起了关键作用,而且很可能是中尺度对流系统发生发展的重要条件之一.     

1954—2004年珠江三角洲大气能见度变化趋势

利用珠江三角洲5个城市气象观测站 (广州、深圳、台山、惠州、高要) 的长期能见度观测资料, 采用累积百分率、Ridit分析法和烟幕/霾日频率3种统计分析方法, 分析了1954—2004年珠江三角洲能见度变化趋势, 初步探讨了珠江三角洲大气环境的变化特征及其可能原因。结果表明:近50年来, 珠江三角洲城市能见度呈显著下降趋势。能见度的下降起始于20世纪70年代初, 并在经济高速发展的80—90年代初进一步恶化, 90年代中期之后虽然能见度变化趋于平缓, 但能见度下降的趋势仍未从根本上改变。珠江三角洲能见度与当地的人口增加和经济发展程度有密切的关系, 同时污染物的区域输送对西部下风向城市能见度也有很大影响。珠江三角洲能见度未得到有效改善的主要原因, 很可能是由于细粒子污染, 尤其是二次粒子前体物如SO₂和NO_X等的排放未得到有效控制。     

利用IAP九层大气环流模式模拟全球季风系统

用ＩＡＰ九层大气环流模式模拟了全球季风系统。结果表明，模式成功模拟出对流层低层的季风系统，包括经典的热季风以及副热带季风和温寒带季风。此外，模式也真实再现了对流层高层的行星季风。另一方面，平流层季风的模拟效果则较差，这与模式中西风系统性偏强有关。     

EMD在广西季节降水预报中的应用

气候系统是一种耗散的、具有多个不稳定源的非线性、非平稳系统。该文利用支持向量机(SVM)算法在处理非线性问题中的优越性和经验模态分解(EMD)算法在处理非平稳信号中的优势,采用将EMD与SVM相结合的短期气候预测方法,并应用到广西季节降水预报中。选取广西88个气象观测站1957—2005年6—8月逐年降水量的距平百分率序列作为试验数据,通过EMD算法将标准化处理后的距平百分率序列分解成多个本征模态函数(IMF)分量和一个趋势分量,在分解中针对EMD算法存在的端点极值问题选择两种方法分别进行处理,对比得出极值延拓法效果更好。对每个分量构建不同的SVM模型进行预测,并通过重构形成最后的预测结果。试验中采用不经EMD处理的反向传播(BP)神经网络和SVM算法进行对比验证,结果表明:相对于直接预测方法,该文提出的方案均方误差最小,能够较为准确地反映出降水序列未来几年的变化趋势,具有更高的预测精度和较好的推广前景。     

近30年中国天气预报业务进展

介绍了我国天气预报技术的发展现状，指出在大气探测技术、数值预报及可视化技术发展的推动下我国传统的天气预报向定量、定时方向发展，并系统阐述了天气预报业务发展过程和存在的问题，最后提出了对我国天气预报业务发展的思路。     

干旱胁迫对夏玉米叶片光合及叶绿素荧光的影响

根据冬小麦干旱风险评估最新研究成果,对其中的风险评估、灾损评估等模型进行集成,开发了河南省冬小麦干旱评估业务服务系统.该系统主要由基本参数、数据导入、风险分析、动态评估、后期评估和作图等部分组成,能够提供河南全省的冬小麦干旱评估结果,为农业生产提供决策依据.     

皖西白大山群的发现及其地质意义

皖、豫交界的白大山－茶庵一带，出露一套碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩地层，以往被置于青白口系八公山群。近期笔者等赴该地再次进行了调查和研究，结果发现该群地层组合内含有大量球藻类和植物碎片化石，这些微古植物分子在国内外多见于下古生代。并从岩石组合特征对比分析，认为该套地层属志留－泥盆系的可能性最大。对这套地层及微古植物的发现，具有两方面重要的地质意义：１．过去对华北地台南缘从未见有这个时代地层的报导，这就为该区地层填补了一个空白；２．从已采获的微古植物组合及岩性组合特征等分析，这有可能对华北地台南缘的岩相古地理图及地史发展等问题，进行一些必要的改写与补充。     

Geology,Mineralogy, Geochronology,and Sulfur Isotope Constraints on the Genesis of the Luanling Gold Telluride Deposit,Western Henan Province,Central China

The Luanling gold telluride deposit in the Xiong'ershan region is located in the southern margin of the North China Craton. The deposit formed in four stages, that is, an early pyrite‐quartz stage (I), a pyrite‐molybdenite stage (II), a sulfide‐telluride‐gold stage (III), and a late carbonate stage (IV). Six species of telluride in stage (III) are recognized, including hessite, altaite, petzite, unidentified Au‐Ag‐Te mineral, empressite, and unidentified Ag‐Te‐S mineral. Gold occurs mostly as native gold and electrum along the microfractures of sulfides or the contact between sulfide and telluride. The mineralization temperature of stage I and stage III ranges from 296 to 377°C and 241 to 324°C, respectively. Tellurides in stage III precipitate at the log?_S2 from ?14.3 to ?7.3 and log?_Te2 from ?17.4 to ?9.4. The ores were formed in an oxidizing environment. The Re‐Os model ages of molybdenite are 162–164 Ma, which indicate that the main ore formation stage was in the Late Jurassic. The Re contents of five molybdenite samples from the Luanling deposit have a range of 36.32–81.95 ppm, except for one large value of 220 ppm, which indicates that the ore‐forming materials are mainly derived from a crustal‐dominated source. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides range from ?17.6 to ?6.2‰, whereas those of sulfates are from 6.8 to 11.5‰. The δ³⁴S_∑S value of the ore‐forming system is 0.0–3.7‰, indicating that the sulfur of the Luanling deposit derived from a deep igneous source. Mineral association and isotope data of the Luanling deposit, together with its geodynamic setting, imply that this deposit belongs to a part of the metallogenic system of the Nannihu‐Sandaozhuang, Shangfangou porphyry molybdenum deposits, and the Late Jurassic granitic intrusions.     

Noble Gas and Stable Isotopic Constraints on the Origin of the Ag–Cu Polymetallic Ore Deposits in the Baiyangping Area,Yunnan Province,SW China

The Lanping basin, Yunnan province, SW China, is located at the juncture of the Eurasian and Indian Plates in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The Lanping basin, in the Sanjiang Tethyan metallogenic province, is a significant Cu–Ag–Zn–Pb mineralized belt in China that includes the largest sandstone‐hosted Zn–Pb deposit in the world, the Jinding deposit, as well as several Ag–Cu deposits (the Baiyangping and Jinman deposits). These deposits, with total reserves of over 16.0 Mt Pb + Zn, 0.6 Mt Cu, and 7,000 t Ag, are mainly hosted in Meso‐Cenozoic clastic rocks and are dominantly controlled by two Cenozoic thrust systems developed in the western and eastern segments of the basin. The Baiyangping, Babaoshan, and Hetaoqing ore deposits are representative of the epithermal base metal deposits in the Lanping basin. The microthermometric data show that the ore‐forming fluids for these deposits were low temperature (110–180 °C) and had bimodal distribution of salinity at moderate and mid to high salinities (approximately 2–8 wt.% and 18–26 wt.% NaCl equivalent). The C and O isotope data indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were related to hot basin brines. We present new He and Ar isotope data on volatiles released from fluid inclusions contained in sulfides and in barite in these three deposits. ³He/⁴He ratios of the ore‐forming fluids are 0.01 to 0.14 R/Ra with a mean of 0.07 Ra (where R is the ³He/⁴He ratio and Ra is the ratio for atmospheric helium). This mean value is intermediate to typical ³He/⁴He ratios for the crust (R/Ra = 0.01 to 0.05) and the ratio for air‐saturated water (R/Ra = 1). The mean ratio is also significantly lower than the ratios found for mantle‐derived fluids (R/Ra = 6 to 9). The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios of the ore‐forming fluids range from 298 to 382 with a mean of 323. This value is slightly higher than that for the air‐saturated water (295.5). The ³He/⁴He ratios of fluids from the fluid inclusions imply that the ore‐forming fluid for the Baiyangping, Babaoshan, and Hetaoqing deposits was derived from the crust and that any mantle‐derived He was negligible. The content of the radiogenic Ar ranges between 0.2 to 20.4%, and the proportion of air‐derived ⁴⁰Ar averages 94.1%. This indicates that atmospheric Ar was important in the formation of these deposits but that some radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar was derived from crustal rocks. Based on these observations coupled with other geochemical evidence, we suggest that the ore‐forming fluids responsible for the formation of the Ag–Cu–Pb–Zn polymetallic ore deposits in the Baiyangping area of the Lanping basin were mainly derived from crustal fluids. The fluids may have mixed with some amount of air‐saturated water, but there was no significant involvement of mantle‐derived fluids.     

日照市土地档案利用浅析

土地档案是国土资源管理机关在土地资源管理、开发、使用过程中形成的,具有保存、利用价值的文件、图表、声像等资料,它记载着土地利用的全部过程,是一种重要的具有长期查考、利用价值的信息资源。如何科学合理地利用土地档案资源,充分发挥其在国土资源管理和地方经济建设中的作用,是土地档案管理部门应该认真研究的问题。