Impact of tropical cyclone development on the instability of South Asian High and the summer monsoon onset over Bay of Bengal

This paper analyzes the evolution of the South Asian High (SAH) during and after the development of tropical cyclone Neoguri over the South China Sea (SCS) in mid-April 2008, the formation of tropical storm Nargis over the Bay of Bengal (BOB) in late April, and the Asian summer monsoon onset, as well as their interrelationships. Numerical sensitivity experiments are conducted to explore the underlying mechanism responsible for these seasonal transitions in 2008. It is demonstrated that strong latent heating related with tropical cyclone activities over the SCS can enhance the development of the SAH aloft and generate zonal asymmetric potential vorticity (PV) forcing, with positive vorticity advection to its east and negative advection to its west. Following the decay of the tropical cyclone, this asymmetric forcing leads to instability development of the SAH, presenting as a slowly westward-propagating Rossby wave accompanied by a westward shift of the high PV advection. A strong upper tropospheric divergence on the southwest of the SAH also shifts westward, while positive PV eddies are shed from the high PV advection and eventually arrives in the southern BOB. Such synoptic patterns provide favorable pumping conditions for local cyclonic vorticity to develop. The latent heating release from the cyclogenesis further intensifies the upper-layer divergence, and the lower and upper circulations become phase locked, leading to the explosive development of the tropical cyclone over the southern BOB. Consequently, a tropical storm is generated and the BOB summer monsoon commences.     

玉溪空气负氧离子变化特征分析

利用2008～2011年玉溪市9县区及主要旅游景点14台大气负氧离子自动测报系统适时观测数据,使用相关分析、灰度分析、回归分析、GIS空间分析等方法,分析空气中负氧离子变化规律;参照世界卫生组织制定的空气负氧离子等级标准,对玉溪市8县1区空气负氧离子等级进行区划。结果表明玉溪市空气负氧离子浓度有明显的日变化特征,早晨6～7点最高,下午4～5点最低,然后又逐渐升高;有森林地区空气负氧离子浓度明显高于无林地区;湖泊、瀑布等水体所在区域空气负氧离子浓度明显高于无水体区域。     

1960—2020年京津冀高温热浪时空分布特征

利用1960—2020年京津冀83个气象观测站常规观测资料,统计分析了京津冀高温热浪日数、频次、有效积温分布特征及变化规律。结果表明：1） 气候态上,京津冀高温热浪日数、频次和有效积温在空间上均呈现南多（强）北少（弱）的分布特征,大值区均位于39°N以南。2） 京津冀地区高温热浪具有2—5 a显著的短振荡周期,同时也具有“多—少—多—少”的年代际变化特征;高温热浪日数、频次和有效积温均出现了3次突变点,并且第一次和第二次突变较第三次突变明显。3） 对比两次高温热浪日数集中偏多期发现,最近一个偏多集中期（1996—2005年）相对于上一个（1960—1972年）表现为北增南减的特征;对比两次偏少集中期发现,最近一个偏少集中期（2006—2020年）相对于上一个（1973—1995年）表现为中南部整体增加的特征,且高温热浪日数大于4 d的影响区域均呈扩大的态势。     

Real-time implementation of `propagator' bearing estimationalgorithm by use of neural network

A neural network for implementing the Marcos `propagator' bearing estimation algorithm is presented. It is shown both analytically and by simulations that this neural network is guaranteed to be stable and to provide the results arbitrarily close to the accurate propagator operator and the orthogonal projection operator on the noise subspace within an elapsed time of only a few characteristic time constants of the network. The parameters such as the interconnection strengths and bias currents of this proposed network can be obtained from the cross-spectral matrix without any computations     

UNRAVELING ECOTOURISM PRACTICE：PROBLEM ANALYSIS BASED ON STAKEHOLDERS

Despite the considerable literatures defined what Ecotourism is or should be, it is experiencing various practices with different features. Now the term “Ecotourism” is almost applied to all tourism activities which are based on nature. Faced to the flooding of those unqualified Ecotourism, it is of great necessity to put forward professional claim. The present writer holds that the key to the realization of rigorous Ecotourism chiefly lies in the relationships among the different interest groups involved in it. So the focus of this paper is just on giving a special analysis to the interest relations between those stakeholders which include local government, tour-operators, local residents and eco-tourists, and thus helping to find out what wrong is in those unqualified Ecotourism and the roots of those problems.     

Spectrographic study of Nova Cygni 1978 (V1668 CYG)

Nova Cygni 1978 was observed from October 11 to December 23, 1978 at the Beijing Observatory with the grating spectrograph attached to the Naismith focus of the Schmidt telescope. This paper gives postmaximum photographic magnitudes, identification of the spectral features, emission line structures, intensity ratios of some emission lines and the temperature of the underlying star.The main spectral lines in wavelength range from October 11 to 30 are those of the following atoms or ions: H, FeII, NII, TiII, [0I], NIII. From November 10, lines of [0III], HeI and Hell become visible one after the other. The emission line H_α shows three components of which the most redshifted is the strongest. In turn, each component is split into a number of secondary peaks. Temperature of the underlying star increases with decline of the nova brightness. The upper limit of temperature may be 120000 K.     

大气和极移的高频变化比较

采用从1988－1999年的现代技术测定的高精度极移序列EOP（IERS97C04）推导出激发函数χ^m）和美国国家环境预测中心和美国国家大气研究中心（CNEP／NCAR）提供的大气角动量激发函数χp和χib^p，使用几种数据分析方法，分析了大气对极移高频振荡（12－42cpy)激发贡献，复数小波变换和功率谱分析表明，χ^m和χ^p序列在高频段内呈现比较强的谱峰，它们具有相似的谱特征，比较而言，χib^p在这个频率段内比χ^p要弱些，χ^m和χ^p之间的相关系数分别为0．75（逆向）和0．6（顺向），两个序列之间的平方相关谱的估计值分别在0．5－0．9之间（负频）和0．4－0．6（正频），相位谱表明χ^p(AAM)超前x^m一天左右，这些大气是极移高频变化的主要激发源，特别是在逆向运动上具有更大的贡献，由于它们之间位相差和振幅变化的不稳定性，说明可能存在AAM以外的其他激发源，这个问题有待进一步深入研究。χ     

A Statistical Study of Transequatorial Loops

We identify 356 transequatorial loops (TLs) from the data set of Yohkoh Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) in the period of solar cycles 22 and 23. The classification of the TLs can be made on two bases. One is according to the magnetic polarities of the footpoints of TLs, and the other is according to the number of TLs in the same region. Based on the first criterion, TLs fall into two categories: PTLs in which the magnetic polarities of the footpoints are the same as the preceding polarities and FTLs in which the footpoint polarities are the same as the following polarities of active regions, respectively. It is found that PTLs have a preference; about 66% of the TLs are PTLs, and this preference of PTLs is independent of the solar cycle. The percentage of FTLs is about 34%. Based on the second criterion, TLs are also divided into two categories: the number of TLs in a region is either single (STLs) or multiple (MTLs). In addition, we find that the number of TLs, PTLs, and FTLs have good correlations with solar cycle indices. By comparing the number of TLs and the number of active regions in each year, we obtain the ratio between them. The separation of footpoints and their yearly variations are calculated, and we find that our result is consistent with spörer's law.     

Formation of the CME Leading Edge Observed in the 2003 February 18 Event

This work investigates a typical coronal mass ejection (CME) observed on 2003 February 18, by various space and ground instruments, in white light, Ha, EUV and X-ray. The Ha and EUV images indicate that the CME started with the eruption of a long filament located near the solar northwest limb. The white light coronal images show that the CME initiated with the rarefaction of a region above the solar limb and followed by the formation of a bright arcade at the boundary of the rarefying region at height 0.46 R(?) above the solar surface. The rarefying process synchronized with the slow rising phase of the eruptive filament, and the CME leading edge was observed to form as the latter started to accelerate. The lower part of the filament brightened in Ha as the filament rose to a certain height and parts of the filament was visible in the GOES X-ray images during the rise. These brightenings imply that the filament may be heated by the magnetic reconnection below the filament in the early stage of the eruption. We suggest that a possible mechanism which leads to the formation of the CME leading edge and cavity is the magnetic reconnection which takes place below the filament after the filament has reached a certain height.     

关于CAS FGOALS-f3-L模式中青藏高原地表温度偏差的归因分析

中国科学院全球海洋-大气-陆地耦合模式(FGOALS-f3-L)参加了耦合模式比较计划的第六阶段(CMIP6)试验,但是其对关键气候敏感地区青藏高原的地表温度的再现能力还不清楚.这项研究用再分析资料CFSR评估了FGOALS-f3-L模式对青藏高原地表温度的再现能力.结果表明,FGOALS-f3-L可以合理模拟整个高原上年平均地表温度的空间分布,但低估了整个高原上年平均地表温度.模拟的地表温度在整个高原上冬春季表现为冷偏差,夏秋季表现为暖偏差.基于地表能量平衡方程的进一步定量分析表明,地表反照率反馈(SAF)项极大地贡献了高原西部年平均,冬春季平均地表温度的冷偏差,而对高原东部是暖偏差贡献.与SAF项相比,地表感热项对地表温度偏差的贡献几乎相反,这大大抵消了SAF项引起的偏差.云辐射强迫项对高原东部的年平均和季节平均弱冷偏差有很大贡献.与高估的水蒸气含量有关的长波辐射项造成了夏秋季整个高原上大部分的暖偏差.该研究表明,提高FGOALS-f3-L中的陆面和云过程对降低高原上地表温度偏差至关重要.