纳米探矿——用地气携带的纳米物质勘查隐伏矿

矿体周围广泛赋存着纳米物质,其可在地球排气的作用下从深部向地表迁移。在地表或地表附近可俘获这些纳米物质,这些纳米物质与矿体发出的直接信息密切相关。通过对其成分或聚集态等进行分析,可勘查隐伏矿。本文介绍了纳米探矿的应用现状和一些实例,探讨了该技术所存在的问题,并对今后的研究工作进行了展望。      

喀斯特地区嵌岩混凝土摩擦桩的反算

云南南盘江大桥为7跨预应力钢构连续桥, 1、2号墩为桩基,采用人工挖孔灌注桩。No. 2嵌岩桩底下部12m处为强风化白云岩。对拟定的端承区域勘探发现在桩底的岩石- 混凝土接触区域有一溶洞,溶洞高约20m,垂直发育,洞底有粘土、碎石土充填,结构松散,粘土为软塑状。东南大学采用与O-cel l试验类似的平衡内部千斤顶系统进行了桩的荷载实验。O-cell试验安装在距桩底12m处,即靠近桩下部的弱风化与强风化岩石之间的接触区域。本文阐述了O-cell试验数值分析中用来反算桩体/岩石交接区域特性的部分。采用的数值分析软件为BAQUS,版本6. 4 ( ABAQ US, 2004) 。同时采用二维轴对称模型来对桩径2. 5m、桩长49m的钻孔桩进行O-cell试验数值模拟。假设加载的钻孔桩的变形与屈服发生在混凝土桩体与岩石的交接区域,混凝土桩为线弹性,强风化白云岩与弱风化白云岩为弹- 塑性,并可用Drucker- Prag er 模型( ABAQUS, 2004)表示,对岩石和混凝土- 岩体接触面的特性进行反算,然后用反算结果模拟桩顶荷载特征。数值模拟计算和现场载荷试验检测的载荷- 位移曲线对比表明,除了非弹性和永久变形外,整个向上与向下的变形与试验检测到的值基本相同。这主要是由于接触面模型的弹性性质所决定的,即它在卸载过程中会将滑动的接触面复原;而永久变形是岩体-混凝土接触面屈服的结果。必须指出的是,由于桩的承载力相对较高( 2. 5m桩径,嵌岩长度37m) ,试验不能达到最终荷载, 所以检测到的变形也较小( <10mm)。分别在桩端、O-单元荷载盒上37m处检测向上弯沉,并将结果与O-单元荷载盒顶部的弯沉作比较。结果发现,由于桩是由O-单元荷载盒底部向上加载,所以桩端的弯沉预计比O-单元荷载盒的弯沉小约5mm。这一差值几乎等于施加荷载状态下无限制(Δ= P L /A E )桩体的理论弹性缩短量。通过O-cell现场试验可以有效地观测加载状态下荷载弯沉反应情况和调整或校准数值分析中的材料模型,并可将之推广应用到相同地质条件下类似项目施工的其它桩的反应过程中。此外,还可以通过溶洞区域中的高承载力桩的O-cell试验结果来构建桩体摩擦反应的模型; 在模型摩擦反应基础上,可以估计桩端预计的变形反应值; 在交接面反应中,可以采用正弦接触面有效地引入人工粘结和表面粘结。      

The effect of estimating areal rainfall using self‐similarity topography method on the simulation accuracy of runoff prediction

Rainfall input for hydrologic modelling is assumed uniformly distributed over the entire catchment. This can lead to significant errors. Investigations of areal rainfall in mountain areas are typically limited by a lack of adequate meteorological and hydrogeological records. This study focuses on areal rainfall in mountain areas within the Kaidu River Basin, China, with the aim of analyzing the influence of areal rainfall on the simulation accuracy of runoff prediction. We conducted a simulation using MIKE 11/NAM rainfall‐runoff model over 92 days of the rain season and compared the simulation error in different methods. On the basis of properties of self‐similarity degree (SSD) in analyzing the detailed characteristics of terrain, areal rainfall was calculated to model the runoff. The results of the model simulations are generally consistent with observed data, indicating that the self‐similarity topography method is able to reflect the spatial change of rainfall. This indicates that the proposed methodology is applicable for the management of water resources in mountain area. The modelling and self‐similarity topography method study allowed quantification of the spatial rainfall and provided an insight into their implications in hydrological forecasting. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低温无固相钻井液配方优选及经济性评价

为解决高原冻土和天然气水合物勘探过程中钻进和取心问题,选择了NaCl作为抗冻剂,抗盐共聚物GTQ和水解聚丙烯酰胺PHP作为主要聚合物试剂,采用正交试验法,在常温下优选出了9组配方,经过低温测试,确定了在 -15 ℃可用的钻井液配方Z1（20%NaCl+0.1%PHP+1.2%GTQ+1%KHm）和Z2（25%NaCl+0.15%PHP+1.0%GTQ+1%KHm）,其主要性能指标分别为：AV值46.5、47.5 mPa·s,PV值34、35 mPa·s,YP值12.8、12.8 Pa,FLAPI值6.8、7.6 mL/30 min。经成本核算,2种配方具有比较好的经济性,可以满足高原冻土层钻进要求。     

基于混合波场地震动输入技术的近海场地地震反应分析方法

基于人工边界子结构模型,提出一种利用混合波场实现近海场地中地震P波和SV波垂直输入的方法.该方法中用于波动输入的混合波场由计算模型两侧截断边界的自由波场和底面边界的入射波场构成,避免了不规则近海场地的自由波场求解.同时采用基于声流体单元的流固耦合算法模拟场地-海水动力相互作用,利用流体介质人工边界和黏弹性人工边界单元模...     

Evidence for the role of KIF17 in fish spermatid reshaping: expression pattern of KIF17 in Larimichthys polyactis spermiogenesis

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The homodimeric kinesin-2 protein KIF17 functions in intracellular transport and spermiogenesis in mammals. However, its role in fish spermiogenesis has not...     

精品旅游景区环境评价指标体系研究

在借鉴前期精品旅游景区研究的基础上,提出精品旅游景区的概念,阐述了精品旅游景区创建的必要性。详细列举了精品旅游景区和国家A级景区的联系与区别,比较分析了不同类型景区在环境方面所做的工作。在参考各类景区评价体系的基础上创建精品旅游景区环境评价指标体系,通过引入运筹学的模糊层次分析法,对指标体系进行系统的计算,使其量化。最后以陕西省华山景区为例进行实例验证,验证了环境评价指标体系的科学性。     

干旱胁迫下钠复合肥对霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)根系生长的促进作用

霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)是荒漠区广为分布的一种多浆旱生植物。采用盆栽育苗的方法,初步评价了干旱胁迫下Na+对霸王根系生长的贡献,探讨了一种新型钠复合肥对霸王根系形态、生理学指标的影响。结果显示,钠复合肥能显著促进霸王根系的生长并提高其抗旱性:(1)正常浇水时,钠复合肥对霸王的促进作用主要体现在株高的增加和侧根的增长上,根系活力显著增强;(2)自然干旱15d后,钠复合肥使得霸王根系活跃吸收面积显著提高24%,促进主根的加粗和伸长以吸收更多的水分和矿质养分;(3)干旱胁迫下,钠复合肥处理使霸王根部Na+浓度保持较高水平,K+浓度下降42%。因此认为,干旱前钠复合肥显著促进了霸王侧根的生长和根系活力的提高,干旱后钠复合肥通过促进根系活跃吸收面积的扩大和主根的生长以提高霸王的抗旱性,其主要原因是根和叶中积累了较多的Na+、而非K+。     

Effects of Hanseniaspora opuntiae C21 on the growth and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas

The effects of a diet containing Hanseniaspora opuntiae C21 on growth and digestive enzyme activity were estimated in juvenile Apostichopus japonicus. Groups of sea cucumbers were fed diets containing H. opuntiae C21 at 0(control), 10 4, 10 5, and 10 6 CFU(colony-forming units)/g feed. Results showed that after 45 d the specific growth rate(SGR) of sea cucumbers fed a C21-supplemented diet at 10 4 CFU/g feed was significantly higher than that of the control( P 0.05). Intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by C21 administration at 10 4 and 10 5 CFU/g feed compared with the control( P 0.05). After feeding for 23–42 d, C21 was demonstrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to be present in the intestine of sea cucumbers. In addition, after feeding the C21-supplemented diets for 15 d, the sea cucumbers were switched to an unsupplemented diet and C21 was confirmed to be capable of colonizing the intestine for at least 31 d after cessation of feeding. In conclusion, C21 was shown to successfully colonize the intestine of juvenile A. japonicus via dietary supplementation, and improve growth and digestive enzyme activity.     

磨刀门河口在20世纪60至70年代的演变模拟与动力地貌过程分析

使用长周期动力地貌模型(long-term morphodynamic model),再现了磨刀门河口1964—1977年的演变过程,并从水动力、地形演变规律以及人类活动等角度系统分析了长周期地貌演变过程。模拟结果显示在1964—1977年磨刀门河口鹤州至交杯沙浅滩和上沟快速淤积,13a的平均淤积厚度均在40cm以上,与之相反,横洲水道杧州至大井角段和上沟东部深槽冲刷明显。磨刀门河口演变季节性特征明显。在洪季浅滩淤积,深槽冲刷;在枯季滩槽都处于淤积状态。演变过程中各种基岩岛屿使动力结构和演变规律呈现多元化,同时人类活动对整个区域的演变起到了重要的作用。