Characterisation of Three Sri Lankan Zircon Megacrysts as Potential Reference Materials for Microbeam U-Pb Geochronology and Hf-O-Zr Isotope Measurements

In situ U-Pb geochronology and hafnium, oxygen and zirconium isotope measurements in zircons using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and ion microprobe techniques can provide essential isotopic data to constrain geological evolutionary histories. Developing reliable zircon reference materials is the cornerstone for in situ zircon chronology and isotopic studies. In this study, the homogeneity of U-Pb ages and Hf-O-Zr isotope ratios in three Sri Lankan zircon megacrysts (SLZA, SLZB and SLZC) were investigated using multiple analytical methods. The obtained U, Th, Pb and Hf mass fractions of the SLZA zircon were 839 ± 56 μg g^-1 (1s), 151 ± 15 μg g^-1 (1s), 198 ± 28 μg g^-1 (1s) and 8635 ± 286 μg g^-1 (1s), respectively. The mass fractions of U, Th, Pb and Hf in the SLZB zircon were 1106 ± 106 μg g^-1 (1s), 331 ± 61 μg g^-1 (1s), 376 ± 57 μg g^-1 (1s) and 9673 ± 976 μg g^-1 (1s), respectively. The U, Th, Pb and Hf mass fractions determined in the SLZC zircon were 551 ± 35 μg g^-1 (1s), 111 ± 8 μg g^-1 (1s), 129 ± 18 μg g^-1 (1s) and 7881 ± 393 μg g^-1 (1s), respectively. The chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass-spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) method yielded a Th-corrected weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 556.94 ± 1.29 Ma (95% conf., n = 5) for the SLZA zircon, 552.90 ± 1.29 Ma (95% conf., n = 7) for the SLZB zircon and 560.83 ± 1.29 Ma (95% conf., n = 7) for the SLZC zircon. The obtained Hf isotopic compositions of the SLZA, SLZB and SLZC zircons determined with the solution MC-ICP-MS method were 0.281651 ± 0.000014 (2s, n = 10), 0.281704 ± 0.000008 (2s, n = 10) and 0.281676 ± 0.000006 (2s, n = 10), respectively. The obtained O isotopes of the SLZA and SLZB zircons measured with the laser fluorination method were 12.14 ± 0.56‰ (2s, n = 4) and 11.91 ± 0.30‰ (2s, n = 4), respectively. The Zr isotopes of the SLZA, SLZB and SLZC zircons determined with double spike TIMS analysis yielded mean δ⁹⁴/⁹⁰Zr_SRM3169 values of -0.03 ± 0.06‰ (2s, n = 10), -0.03 ± 0.04‰ (2s, n = 10) and 0.00 ± 0.07‰ (2s, n = 8), respectively. The SLZA zircon can be used as a primary reference or quality control material for microbeam U-Pb, Hf and Zr isotope measurements because of its slight heterogeneity. The U-Pb, Hf and Zr isotopic compositions of the SLZB and SLZC megacrysts were homogeneous. The O isotopic compositions in the SLZA and SLZB zircon were slightly dispersed, indicating that these two megacrysts can only serve as secondary reference materials for microbeam O isotope measurements.     

一种无线遥测自动气象站远程检测控制模块的研制

为了节省无线遥测自动气象站死机故障排除时需要耗费的人力物力,研制了一种远程检测控制模块,包括硬件电路的设计、固件程序设计、调试制作等。通过对无线遥测自动气象站进行远程重启或自动重启,实现死机故障的排除。同时可以远程读取自动气象站运行时的电压情况,对电池性能进行分析。该模块接入无线遥测自动气象站后,在自动气象站出现死机故障时无需工作人员前往现场处理。     

基于砾石-基质-裂缝三元素的砂砾岩岩相划分

近年来砂砾岩油气藏勘探不断获得重大发现,使得砂砾岩体成为油气勘探的新领域.当前,砂砾岩体侧重于沉积响应分析,针对其特征的岩相组合划分及差异性探讨较薄弱,缺乏统一划分标准,尤其是在渤海湾盆地渤南低凸起南侧断坡区古近系砂砾岩存在多砾石组分、复合成岩作用影响,极大制约优质砂砾岩储层的分布预测、评价.因为研究区内多物源供给,砾石组分、支撑类型和基质类型多样,基于区内典型钻井岩心、镜下综合观察及扫描电镜分析,提出“以沉积岩、变质岩及岩浆岩三种母岩类型为一级划分标准,支撑类型和基质类型作为二级划分标准”,将砂砾岩岩相划分为三大类、七小类,依次为:（1）以火山岩砾石为主的基质支撑-砂级基质-构造缝-砾岩相、颗粒支撑-砂级基质-砾缘缝-砾岩相、基质支撑-泥级基质-砾岩相,（2）以碳酸盐岩砾石为主的基质支撑-砂级基质-砾岩相、基质支撑-砂级基质-角砾岩相,（3）以变质岩砾石为主的胶结物支撑-砂级基质-含砾砂岩相及颗粒支撑-砂级基质-压实砾内缝-含砾砂岩相.不同砾石类型储层中,基质类型和裂缝发育程度具有明显的差异性,泥质含量高的储层渗透性很差,裂缝发育会改善其孔隙的连通性,并诱导形成砾内溶蚀和基质溶蚀,从而改善储集物性.      

气候模式中海洋数据同化对热带降水偏差的影响

本文采用海洋卫星观测海表温度(SST)和海面高度异常(SLA)数据,对国家海洋局第一海洋研究所地球系统模式FIO-ESM(First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model version 1.0)中海洋模式分量进行了集合调整卡尔曼滤波(EAKF)同化,对比分析了大气环流、湿度和云量对海洋数据同化的响应,探讨了海洋同化对热带降水模拟偏差的影响。结果表明:海洋数据同化能有效改善海表温度和上层海洋热含量的模拟,30°S~30°N纬度带内年平均SST的绝均差降低60%。同化后大气模式模拟的赤道两侧信风得到明显改善,上升气流在赤道以北热带地区增强而在赤道以南热带地区减弱,热带降水模拟的动力结构更为合理,水汽和云量分布也更切合实际。热带年平均降水的空间分布和强度在同化后均得到改善,赤道以南的纬向年平均降水峰值显著降低,降水偏差明显减小,同化后30°S~30°N纬度带内年平均降水绝均差降低35%。     

DSC3型称重式降水观测仪的故障诊断方法

文章介绍了DSC3型称重式降水观测仪的系统结构、硬件组成及工作原理,其次阐述了该设备的故障诊断流程和方法,其中重点对载荷元件和数据处理单元的故障诊断方法做了详细介绍,以期减少因使用或维护不当而造成的设备性能衰退,减少野值的产生和缩短设备的维修时间,提高设备运行的可靠性和数据的可用性。     

卫星导航空时自适应波束形成抗干扰技术研究

针对卫星导航信号易被干扰的问题,研究了基于空时自适应波束形成的抗干扰方法。讨论了空时自适应波束形成的基本原理,从空域和时域两个角度分别分析了空时处理对卫星信号影响及补偿方法,对空时自适应波束形成抗干扰处理进行了性能仿真,结果表明可获得干信比为85d B的抗干扰能力,验证了方法的有效性。     

Integrating Spatial Data Linkage and Analysis Services in a Geoportal for China Urban Research

Many geoportals are now evolving into online analytical environments, where large amounts of data and various analysis methods are integrated. These spatiotemporal data are often distributed in different databases and exist in heterogeneous forms, even when they refer to the same geospatial entities. Besides, existing open standards lack sufficient expression of the attribute semantics. Client applications or other services thus have to deal with unrelated preprocessing tasks, such as data transformation and attribute annotation, leading to potential inconsistencies. Furthermore, to build informative interfaces that guide users to quickly understand the analysis methods, an analysis service needs to explicitly model the method parameters, which are often interrelated and have rich auxiliary information. This work presents the design of the spatial data linkage and analysis services in a geoportal for China urban research. The spatial data linkage service aggregates multisource heterogeneous data into linked layers with flexible attribute mapping, providing client applications and services with a unified access as if querying a big table. The spatial analysis service incorporates parameter hierarchy and grouping by extending the standard WPS service, and data‐dependent validation in computation components. This platform can help researchers efficiently explore and analyze spatiotemporal data online.     

哈尼族三大节日溯源

哈尼族普遍重视的三大节日是砣札札、札勒特和昂玛突。从天文历法角度进行考察,它们是源于古代十月太阳历的安排,前两个是在夏至和冬至的前夕分别两次过“年”。十月太阳历废止后,虽然出于民族感情依然保留,但受外界阴阳合历的影响,其节期发生了变更。另外,昂玛突是农耕礼仪中重要的春祈,与龙头节、社目节、上巳节有许多相似之处。     

Spectral hardness evolution characteristics of tracking gamma-ray burst pulses

Employing a sample presented by Kaneko et al. (2006) [Kaneko, Y. et al., 2006. ApJS 166, 298 (Paper I)] and Kocevski et al. (2003) [Kocevski, D. et al., 2003. ApJ 596, 389], we select 42 individual tracking pulses (here we defined tracking as the cases in which the hardness follows the same pattern as the flux or count rate time profile) within 36 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) containing 527 time-resolved spectra and investigate the spectral hardness, E_peak (where E_peak is the maximum of the νF_ν spectrum), evolutionary characteristics. The evolution of these pulses follow soft-to-hard-to-soft (the phase of soft-to-hard and hard-to-soft are denoted by rise phase and decay phase, respectively) with time. It is found that the overall characteristics of E_peak of our selected sample are: (1) the E_peak evolution in the rise phase always start on the high state (the values of E_peak are always higher than 50 keV); (2) the spectra of rise phase clearly start at higher energy (the median of E_peak are about 300 keV), whereas the spectra of decay phase end at much lower energy (the median of E_peak are about 200 keV); (3) the spectra of rise phase are harder than that of the decay phase and the duration of rise phase are much shorter than that of decay phase as well. In other words, for a complete pulse the initial E_peak is higher than the final E_peak and the duration of initial phase (rise phase) are much shorter than the final phase (decay phase). This results are in good agreement with the predictions of [Lu, R.J. et al., 2007. ApJ 663, 1110] and current popular view on the production of GRBs. We argue that the spectral evolution of tracking pulses may be relate to both of kinematic and dynamic process even if we currently can not provide further evidences to distinguish which one is dominant. Moreover, our statistical results give some witnesses to constrain the current GRB model.     

用于区域陆面过程模拟的土壤特征参数的空间插值方法研究

用于气候模型的陆地过程模型包括陆地水文过程模型和地球生物化学过程模型等,它们需要网格化的土壤物理和化学属性资料。目前,用于该类模型的土壤资料基本上是来源于20世纪70年代联合国粮农组织的1：5000000土壤图和4300多个土壤剖面的属件资料,其中所用的中国地区的土壤剖面资料不足200个。这些资料显然不能很好地表达中国区域土壤的空间分异性。早在20世纪80年代中国就开展了大规模全国范围的土壤普查,积累了数以万计土壤剖面的属性资料,但都是纸质数据。根据需要,作者已数字化近10000个中国土壤剖面的属性数据。为了模型的应用,需要对属性数据进行空间网格化处理。但土壤具有高度的空间分异性,为了使网格数据具有好的空间代表性,需要对空间插值方法进行研究。利用空间插值的方法对土壤要素的空间变异的研究,已有大量工作,但所研究区域范围较小,要素单一。作者基于1：1000000土壤地图,利用反距离权重空间插值法,对中国土壤属性进行了空间插值,最终结果表明：对于土壤中砂粒含量、粘粒含量、有机质值以及全氮含量的插值计算,基于相邻剖面反距离权重法的空间插值效果要优于同一土属下土种的空间插值;而对于粉粒含量、全磷含量和pH值的插值计算,利用同一土属下土种的空间插值效果则更优;对于土壤全钾含量的插值结果,两种方法相差不大。