常见阴离子配位体对土壤吸附铜的干扰规律研究

土壤对重金属离子的吸附容量明显受阴离子配位体的影响。本文通过试验探讨了Cl~(-),SOi_4~(2-)HCO_3~(-)阴离子在不同的pH值条件下,分别对土壤吸附铜的干扰规律。运用反求吸附参数法评价了不同阴离子对铜吸附量的干扰程度,论证了土壤与地下水之间元素迁移的规律。     

The concentrations, fluxes, enrichments and chronologies of potential harmful elements in sediment cores from Bohai Bay, North China

To reflect the historical changes, the vertical profiles of concentrations, enrichment factors and burial fluxes of potential harmful elements (PHEs: Ga, Ge, Mo, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Bi, W and V) were determined in two sediment cores collected from Bohai Bay. Sediment accumulation rates and chronologies were obtained from ²¹⁰Pb activity-depth profiles. Two sediment accumulation rates in core 2 were observed: a higher rate of 4.78 mm/year before the 1960s and 2.93 mm/year since then. The sediment accumulation rate in core 6 was 2.82 mm/year. The PHE concentrations and burial fluxes exhibited an obvious variation with the depth due to the natural and anthropogenic inputs. Especially, the higher concentrations and burial fluxes of PHEs occurred in the 1960s and 1980s, matching the large runoff and industrial development. Enrichment factors (EFs) of PHEs were computed in order to evaluate their potential sources. Results showed that the EFs of Sb, Te and Bi were higher than 1.5, revealing the anthropogenic inputs; however, the EFs of other PHEs were lower than 1.0, indicating the natural inputs. Moreover, the high EFs of Sb, Te and Bi appeared in the surface or subsurface layers, indicating that the extent of anthropogenic contamination enhanced in recent years. Sequential extraction technique was used to study the ecological risks of PHEs. Results revealed that the ecological risks of Mo, Te and Bi in both cores and Sb and W in core 2 were medium due to their high availability in the exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions.     

二连浩特一带境内外构造-成矿带的衔接问题浅析

蒙古南戈壁地区在寻找斑岩型铜多金属矿方面取得丰硕成果.位于该地区东延长线上的二连浩特一东乌旗地区虽.开展了多年勘查和研究工作,但未能实现铜多金属矿的勘探突破,因此,确定两者是否属于同一成矿带具有非常重要的意义.文中在系统分析该问题研究背景、现状的基础上.通过对比分析该地区航磁特征、遥感影像特征和部分地区布格重力异常特征...     

某上游式尾矿坝安全性评价方法分析研究

尾矿库安全性评价在尾矿库运行中是一项至关重要的工作。本文借助实际的工程实例,使用规范规定的计算方法和公式,结合工程力学和流体力学基础理论知识,深入的研究了尾矿库坝坡稳定性和尾矿渗流稳定性的评价方法和计算过程,对现有的尾矿库安全性进行了评价。同时,通过实验室重塑性试验取得了为矿体的各项参数,应用二维边坡稳定性和渗流稳定性计算软件对尾矿库的稳定性进行了计算,对比解析法和数值法计算结果的异同,分析了产生差异的原因,为尾矿库安全性评价工作提供了一些借鉴。     

拉曼光谱方法测量流体包裹体的内压及其应用

通过金刚石压腔和显微激光拉曼光谱方法,获得了流体包裹体中H2O-NaCl体系的O—H、碳酸根的C—O、硫酸根的S—O和正庚烷-环己烷的C—H振动拉曼位移与温度和压力关系的表达式。该研究结果可以用于实测流体包裹体在不同温度下的内压,并可由此获得流体包裹体的p-t线或等容线。这不仅有助于精确获得流体包裹体的形成温度和形成压力,也可为研究和确定流体包裹体中流体的组成和性质提供依据。     

7月青藏高原大气热源空间型及其与东亚大气环流和降水的相关研究

对1958～1999年的7月份NCEP/NCAR再分析资料中青藏高原区域大气热源强度(整层气柱的总非绝热加热率)做旋转经验正交函数分析,结果表明该区域内大气热源强度的空间分布特征复杂,各地差异显著。前4个REOF型的加热中心位于高原东北部、高原西南部、克什米尔地区以及高原东南部地区上空。小波分析还表明各空间型都有2～4a的变化周期。文中计算了前4个RPC与东亚中、低空纬向风(U)、经向风(V)、纬向水汽通量(Q_u)、经向水汽通量(Q_v)的相关系数,并用这些相关系数构造矢量,进而分析其流场和水汽通量散度场,发现高原不同区域的大气加热异常所对应的东亚大气环流形势及降水也大不相同,由此表明,在研究高原加热对中国气候的影响时,应注意加热的空间分布特征。     

The differences of the size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) between urban and rural sites of Guangzhou, China

Size distribution aerosol samples collected at two urban locations (Liwan and Wushan) and a suburban location (Xinken) in Guangzhou (South China) in autumn using a MOUDI (Micro-orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor) have been analyzed for 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MS). Different PAH size distribution models were found for urban locations and a suburban location. The particle size distributions of PAHs tend to shift toward a larger size in a suburban location than in an urban location caused by aerosol aging processes. The ratios of total-PAH/TSP changed greatly during different sampling periods, even though the samplings were conducted consecutively. This can be the result of reactions between PAHs and atmospheric photooxidants, and the formation of SOAs (secondary organic aerosols) during the aging process. Adsorption behavior on available aerosol surface area, absorption behavior in available aerosol organic mass and multilayer adsorptive accumulation in coarse mode aerosols were the three mechanisms which control the size distribution of PAHs.     

Some Key Problems on the Petrogenesis of Seafloor Basalts,Abyssal Peridotites and Geodynamics—A Non-traditional Isotope Approach

This paper discusses some major research to be carried out in the next five years in the newly established Laboratory of Ocean Lithosphere and Mantle Geodynamics. By using our existing sample collections of global mid-ocean ridge basalts, gabbros and abyssal peridotites from the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, the research includes: ①Using Ti-Zr-Hf stable isotope methods to test the hypothesis that the observed huge Nb-Ta and Zr-Hf fractionations result from mass-dependent fractionation under mantle magmatic conditions; ②Using a MORB sample suite of uniform ratios of incompatible elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes with large major element compositional variation to test the common hypothesis of iron isotope fractionation, i.e, the affinity of heavy Fe with ferric Fe (Fe³⁺), and both heavy Fe and ferric Fe (Fe³⁺) being more incompatible than light Fe and ferrous Fe (Fe²⁺) during magma evolution; while using an incompatible trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope highly variable MORB suite to test the same hypothesis during low-degree mantle melting (i.e, the effect of mantle metasomatism); ③Proposing and testing the hypothesis that the high oxygen fugacity of the Earth’s mantle is a consequence of plate tectonics by subducting partially serpentinized oceanic mantle lithosphere with abundant ferric Fe (e.g. Fe³⁺/SFe>2); ④The recent work by Andersen et al. (Nature, 2015) is a milestone contribution by using U isotope variation in oceanic basalts to hypothesize that the O₂-rich atmosphere since the late Archean (abont 2.4 Ga) mobilized the water soluble U (6+ vs. 4+) from continents, transported to the ocean and subducted with sediments to the upper mantle, which explains the low Th/U in MORB (<2.5) and the high Th/U (>3.5) ocean island basalts (OIB) do not see such U addition effect probably because OIB source materials are all ancient (> abont 2.4 Ga) if there were subducted component. The Cenozoic alkali basalts from eastern China are ideal materials for evaluating the significance of the subducted seafloor materials for the petrogenesis of OIB and enriched MORB by using the U isotope approach, which is expected to revise and improve the Andersen et al hypothesis.     

我国煤的稳定同位素组成特征

总结了煤及其煤化作用产物稳定同位素地球化学研究成果。煤的δ＾１３Ｃ值主要在－２２．５‰～－２５．５‰之间，中值为－２４．４‰。煤化作用及地质年代影响极微，但煤岩显微组分对δ＾１３Ｃ值有明显影响，壳质组含量增加，煤的δ＾１３Ｃ值变轻。煤的热模拟演化产物δ＾１３Ｃ值；甲烷在液态烃产出峰值处有最烃的碳同位素组成，液态烃与煤有相似的δ＾１３Ｃ值，其族组分中烷烃部分随温度增高，δ＾１３Ｃ值有变重的趋势。煤的     

Microcosm studies on iron and arsenic mobilization from aquifer sediments under different conditions of microbial activity and carbon source

Microcosm experiments were conducted to understand the mechanism of microbially mediated mobilization of Fe and As from high arsenic aquifer sediments. Arsenic-resistant strains isolated from aquifer sediments of a borehole specifically drilled for this study at Datong basin were used as inoculated strains, and glucose and sodium acetate as carbon sources for the experiments. In abiotic control experiments, the maximum concentrations of Fe and As were only 0.47 mg/L and 0.9 μg/L, respectively. By contrast, the maximum contents of Fe and As in anaerobic microcosm experiments were much higher (up to 1.82 mg/L and 12.91 μg/L, respectively), indicating the crucial roles of microbial activities in Fe and As mobilization. The observed difference in Fe and As release with different carbon sources may be related to the difference in growth pattern and composition of microbial communities that develop in response to the type of carbon sources.