Localization of the solar flare SF900610 in X-rays with the WATCH instrument of the GRANAT observatory

During the solar flare of June 10, 1990, the WATCH instrument of the GRANAT space observatory obtained 110 localizations of the X-ray source in the X-ray range 8–20 keV. Its coordinates were measured with an accuracy of ～2 arcmin at a 3σ confidence level. The coordinates of the X-ray source do not coincide with the coordinates of the Hα-line flare. The X-ray source moved over the solar disk during the flare. This probably implies that, as the X-ray emission was generated, different parts of one loop or a system of magnetic loops dominated at different flare times.     

Detection of giant radio pulses from the pulsar PSR B0656+14

Giant pulses (GPs) have been detected from the pulsar PSR B0656 + 14. A pulse that is more intense than the average pulse by a factor of 120 is encountered approximately once in 3000 observed periods of the pulsar. The peak flux density of the strongest pulse, 120 Jy, is a factor of 630 higher than that of the average pulse. The GP energy exceeds the energy of the average pulse by up to a factor of 110, which is comparable to that for other known pulsars with GPs, including the Crab pulsar and the millisecond pulsar PSR B1937+21. The giant pulses are a factor of ～6 narrower than the average pulse and are clustered at the head of the average pulse. PSR B0656+14 along with PSR B0031-07, PSR B1112+50, and PSR J1752+2359 belong to a distinctive group of pulsars in which GPs have been detected without any extremely strong magnetic field on the light cylinder.     

Changes in the manner of tectonic movements under the Earth’s evolution

Variations in the O, Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic compositions in rocks of various ages, minerals, and mantle temperature in the geological history are considered. Two periods in the Earth’s history are studied: the beginning of the formation of the planet until the turn of (3.4) 2.7–2.5 Ga and the tectonic movement period in the last 2 Ga, and also the transitional period within 2.7–2.0 Ga.     

Elemental composition of peat organic matter as an indicator of trophic conditions of marsh ecosystems in the south of the Baikal region

Based on measurements of the concentrations of C, N, P, and chlorophyll-a, as well as on palynological analysis of the core Vdr 2011 of peaty sediments from the Vydrinaya River along the southern coast of Lake Baikal, the geochemical characteristics of eutrophy were compared to pollen indices of changes in the environment and the mode of marsh ecosystem transformations into various trophic states was specified. It was shown that geochemical parameters of the changes in the environment may be considered as the characteristics of trophic conditions in ecosystems in the course of paleo-reconstructions.     

Inclusions of Cr- and Cr–Nb-Rutile in pyropes from the Internatsionalnaya kimberlite pipe,Yakutia

The results of study of rutile inclusions in pyrope from the Internatsionalnaya kimberlite pipe are presented. Rutile is characterized by unusually high contents of impurities (up to 25 wt %). The presence of Cr₂O₃ (up to 9.75 wt %) and Nb₂O₅ (up to 15.57 wt %) are most typical. Rutile inclusions often occur in assemblage with Ti-rich oxides: picroilmenite and crichtonite group minerals. The Cr-pyropes with inclusions of rutile, picroilmenite, and crichtonite group minerals were formed in the lithospheric mantle beneath the Mirnyi field during their joint crystallization from melts enriched in Fe, Ti, and other incompatible elements as a result of metasomatic enrichment of the depleted lithospheric mantle.     

Inclusions of crichtonite group minerals in pyropes from the Internatsionalnaya kimberlite pipe,Yakutia

The results of study of crichtonite group minerals in pyropes from the Internatsionalnaya kimberlite pipe are reported. Most of the studied samples are characterized by high concentrations of Sr, Ca, Na, and LREEs in comparison with minerals of the LIMA series from kimberlites of South Africa, whereas the average concentrations of Ba and K are significantly lower. Crichtonite group minerals in pyropes are characterized by predomination of Na over K in most samples and by a high concentration of Al₂O₃ (up to 4.5 wt %). Findings of inclusions of crichtonite group minerals with high concentrations of incompatible elements provide evidence for the metasomatic origin of host chromium-rich pyropes.     

Online Publication of Tiltmeter Data Based on the SeedLink Protocol

The main goal of this work is to provide real-time access to the data of the NSH tunnel tiltmeters via the Internet. Software is developed that solves this problem and also provides real-time visualization and archiving of data. The solution is based the specialized real-time protocol SeedLink, which ensures lossless data delivery with minimal transmission overhead. In order to simplify access to the device via IPv4 and to protect data from unauthorized access, a secure channel based on virtual private networks has been used. The solution was tested on two tiltmeters installed in the building of the Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPE RAS). Further device testing with an unstable power supply and communication conditions is planned. Therefore, the developed software was ported to energy-efficient ARM computers. Data transmission tests were carried out in the local IPE RAS network and in the wireless network of a mobile network operator. Real-time visualization of data from both tiltmeters and access to the archive are provided in addition to real-time access to data on the IPE RAS website.     

The Azimuthal Dependence of the Microwave Emissions of a Water Surface Based on Remote Measurements at the Black Sea

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This paper presents an analysis of the experimental measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy of the microwave emissions of a rough water surface. The...     

Results of some airglow observations of internal gravitational waves

Data on internal gravitational waves at heights of 90–100 km obtained from the intensities and rotational temperature of atmospheric emissions are compared with data on such waves at heights of 200–400 km obtained by radio methods. The difference in the characteristics of waves at different heights is discussed.     

Mössbauer studies of structural features in tourmaline of various genesis

Nuclear gamma ray (Mössbauer) spectroscopy (ngr) was used to examine 114 samples of tourmaline from different deposits. The absorption curve shape of the ngr spectra was found to depend not only on tourmaline composition, but also on the character of cation distribution in the crystal structure. The complex superpositional nature of the spectra corresponds to a statistical distribution of iron ions, whereas a minimum number of doublets is observed in an ordered distribution of these ions in the structure. The existence of nonequivalent Fe sites with statistical cation distribution in Y and Z positions was confirmed by experiments on iron oxidation in tourmaline, temperature studies of quadrupole splitting, and probability analysis of formation of nonequivalent sites in accordance with the tourmaline structure. We established experimentally that iron ions in Y positions have a lower ionization potential than in Z positions. The coefficient of iron oxidation in tourmaline, the occupancy of crystallographic positions, and the nature of cation distribution in the structure are features permitting identification of the particular genetic type to which the test sample belongs.