全文获取类型
收费全文 | 862篇 |
免费 | 41篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 4篇 |
大气科学 | 79篇 |
地球物理 | 178篇 |
地质学 | 386篇 |
海洋学 | 87篇 |
天文学 | 89篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 84篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 32篇 |
2015年 | 33篇 |
2014年 | 29篇 |
2013年 | 55篇 |
2012年 | 41篇 |
2011年 | 62篇 |
2010年 | 46篇 |
2009年 | 42篇 |
2008年 | 48篇 |
2007年 | 51篇 |
2006年 | 50篇 |
2005年 | 41篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 22篇 |
2002年 | 26篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 16篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有908条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
71.
72.
Larry W. Finger Robert M. Hazen Anne M. Hofmeister 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1986,13(4):215-220
High-pressure crystal structures and compressibilities have been determined by x-ray methods for MgAl2O4 spinel and its isomorph magnetite, Fe3O4. The measured bulk moduli, K, of spinel and magnetite (assuming K′=4) are 1.94±0.06 and 1.86±0.05 Mbar, respectively, in accord with previous ultrasonic determinations. The oxygen u parameter, the only variable atomic position coordinate in the spinel structure (Fd3m, Z=8), decreases with pressure in MgAl2O4, thus indicating that the magnesium tetrahedron is more compressible than the aluminum octahedron. In magnetite the u parameter is unchanged, and both tetrahedron and octahedron display the 1.9 Mbar bulk modulus characteristic of the entire crystal. This behavior contrasts with that of nickel silicate spinel (γ-Ni2SiO4), in which the u parameter increases with pressure because the silicon tetrahedron is relatively incompressible compared to the nickel octahedron. 相似文献
73.
Double-packer injection tests have been carried out in a borehole in the Chalk of Hampshire and a borehole in the Permian Penrith Sandstone of Cumbria, England. The tests have been supplemented by borehole logging and television inspections and by laboratory measurements on cores. A new mathematical treatment has enabled results to be calculated for injection test intervals containing fissures. In both formations, transmissivity immediately around the borehole is dominated by a few major fissures. In the Penrith Sandstone there is good agreement between intergranular hydraulic conductivity measurements and packer-test results in the portions of the borehole which do not contain major fissures. In the Chalk, the packer-test values are always higher than the intergranular measurements, suggesting that some degree of fissuring is present throughout. 相似文献
74.
75.
Laurent Millet Boris Vannière Valérie Verneaux Michel Magny Jean Robert Disnar Fatima Laggoun-Défarge Anne Véronique Walter-Simonnet Gilles Bossuet Elena Ortu Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,38(4):525-539
This study focuses on the response of lacustrine littoral chironomid communities to late glacial changes in limnological,
environmental and climate conditions in the Mediterranean context. Late glacial chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) assemblages,
organic petrography and geochemistry were analysed in a sediment core from the littoral zone of Lago dell’Accesa (Tuscany,
Italy), where the lake-level fluctuations and the vegetation history have been previously reconstructed. Comparison of the
chironomid stratigraphy to other proxies (pollen assemblages, organic petrography and geochemistry, lake-level) and regional
climate reconstruction suggested the predominant influence of lake-level changes on the littoral chironomid fauna. The main
lowering events that occurred during the Oldest and the Younger Dryas were followed by higher proportions of taxa typical
of littoral habitats. A complementary study of organic matter suggested the indirect impact of lake-level on the chironomids
through changes in humic status and habitat characteristics, such as the type of substrate and aquatic macrophyte development.
Several chironomid taxa, such as Glyptotendipes, Microtendipes and Cricotopus type patens, were identified as possible indicators of low lake-level in the late glacial records. Nevertheless, this study suggested
that parallel analyses of organic matter and chironomid assemblages may be needed to circumvent misinterpretation of littoral
chironomid assemblage stratigraphy. There was a weak response of the chironomid assemblages to small lake-level lowerings
that corresponded to the Older Dryas and Preboreal oscillations. A higher level of determination, e.g. to the species group
level, may be necessary to increase the sensibility of the indicators to lake-level changes. 相似文献
76.
This work proposes a complete method for automatic inversion of data from hydraulic interference pumping tests based on both homogeneous and fractal dual-medium approaches. The aim is to seek a new alternative concept able to interpret field data, identify macroscopic hydraulic parameters and therefore enhance the understanding of flow in porous fractured reservoirs. Because of its much contrasted sensitivities to parameters, the dual-medium approach yields an ill-posed inverse problem that requires a specific optimization procedure including the calculation of analytical sensitivities and their possible re-scaling. Once these constraints are fulfilled, the inversion proves accurate, provides unambiguous and reliable results. In the fractal context inverting several drawdown curves from different locations at the same time reveals more accurate. Finally, hydraulic parameters drawn from inversion should be taken into account to improve in various situations the conditioning of up-scaled flow in fractured rocks. 相似文献
77.
Petroleum inclusions in sedimentary basins: systematics, analytical methods and applications 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Fluid dynamics in sedimentary basins is of tremendous interest, both from a scientific and an economic point of view. Integration between fluid inclusion and present-day fluid data provides the time aspect necessary for reconstruction of fluid flow paths, and can be used for mapping fluid dynamics both on a regional basin scale or on the more local scale of petroleum reservoirs. This paper presents a review of analytical and modelling methods for petroleum in fluid inclusions. Essentially, four types of data for petroleum inclusions can be established through analysis and modelling: (1) textures (which give indirect information of the time aspect), (2) fluid composition, (3) fluid properties and (4) pressure–temperature of trapping. During the last decade, development of analytical methods for determination of inclusion fluid compositions has taken place. Traditional correlation studies for characterisation of maturity and source facies may now therefore include fluid inclusion data. The development has also been directed towards an improved understanding of the physical properties of petroleum inclusions. Although these methods are in their early stages concerning precision and accuracy, data necessary for fluid flow modelling, such as fluid densities, viscosities, pressure and temperature, can be estimated. 相似文献
78.
Sensitivity experiments are conducted to test the influence of poorly known model parameters on the simulation of the Greenland
ice sheet by means of a three dimensional numerical model including the mechanical and thermal processes within the ice. Two
types of experiments are performed: steady-state climatic conditions and simulations over the last climatic cycle with a climatic
forcing derived from the GRIP record. The experiments show that the maximum altitude of the ice sheet depends on the ice flow
parameters (deformation and sliding law coefficients, geothermal flux) and that it is low when the ice flow is fast. On the
other hand, the maximum altitude is not sensitive to the ablation strength and consequently during the climatic cycle it is
driven by changes in accumulation rate. The ice sheet extension shows the opposite sensitivity: it is barely affected by ice
flow velocity and the ice covered area is smaller for large ablation coefficients. For colder climates, when there is no ablation,
the ice sheet extension depends on the sea level. An interesting result is that the variations with time of the altitude at
the ice divide (Summit) do not depend on the parameters we tested. The present modelled ice sheets resulting from the climatic
cycle experiments are compared with the present measured ice sheet in order to find the set of parameters that gives the best
fit between modelled and measured geometry. It seems that, compared to the parameter set most commonly used, higher ablation
rate coefficents must be used.
Received: 19 September 1995 / Accepted: 30 May 1996 相似文献
79.
The retrieval of cloud microphysical properties using satellite measurements and an in situ database
Christophe Poix Guy Febvre Anne Fouilloux Howard Larsen Jean-Francois Gayet 《Annales Geophysicae》1996,14(1):98-106
By combining AVHRR data from the NOAA satellites with information from a database of in situ measurements, large-scale maps can be generated of the microphysical parameters most immediately significant for the modelling of global circulation and climate. From the satellite data, the clouds can be classified into cumuliform, stratiform and cirrus classes and then into further sub-classes by cloud top temperature. At the same time a database of in situ measurements made by research aircraft is classified into the same sub-classes and a statistical analysis is used to derive relationships between the sub-classes and the cloud microphysical properties. These two analyses are then linked to give estimates of the microphysical properties of the satellite observed clouds. Examples are given of the application of this technique to derive maps of the probability of occurrence of precipitating clouds and of precipitating water content derived from a case study within the International Cirrus Experiment (ICE) held in 1989 over the North Sea. 相似文献
80.
Vincent J Realmuto Ken Hon Anne B Kahle Elsa A Abbott David C Pieri 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1992,55(1-2):33-44
Multispectral thermal infrared radiance measurements of the Kupaianaha flow field were acquired with the NASA airborne Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) on the morning of 1 October 1988. The TIMS data were used to map both the temperature and emissivity of the surface of the flow field. The temperature map depicted the underground storage and transport of lava. The presence of molten lava in a tube or tumulus resulted in surface temperatures that were at least 10° C above ambient. The temperature map also clearly defined the boundaries of hydrothermal plumes which resulted from the entry of lava into the ocean. The emissivity map revealed the boundaries between individual flow units within the Kupaianaha field. In general, the emissivity of the flows varied systematically with age but the relationship between age and emissivity was not unique. Distinct spectral anomalies, indicative of silica-rich surface materials, were mapped near fumaroles and ocean entry sites. This apparent enrichment in silica may have resulted from an acid-induced leaching of cations from the surfaces of glassy flows. Such incipient alteration may have been the cause for virtually all of the emissivity variations observed on the flow field, the spectral anomalies representing areas where the acid attack was most intense. 相似文献