全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1717篇 |
免费 | 84篇 |
国内免费 | 48篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 59篇 |
大气科学 | 131篇 |
地球物理 | 360篇 |
地质学 | 601篇 |
海洋学 | 117篇 |
天文学 | 431篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
自然地理 | 140篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 36篇 |
2020年 | 42篇 |
2019年 | 39篇 |
2018年 | 81篇 |
2017年 | 68篇 |
2016年 | 78篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 79篇 |
2013年 | 113篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 99篇 |
2010年 | 81篇 |
2009年 | 90篇 |
2008年 | 90篇 |
2007年 | 94篇 |
2006年 | 77篇 |
2005年 | 60篇 |
2004年 | 66篇 |
2003年 | 53篇 |
2002年 | 48篇 |
2001年 | 36篇 |
2000年 | 44篇 |
1999年 | 36篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 23篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1849条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
601.
602.
Brian J. Mailloux Nicholas A. Procopio Mark Bakker Therese Chen Imtiaz Choudhury Kazi Matin Ahmed M. Rajib H. Mozumder Tyler Ellis Steve Chillrud Alexander van Geen 《Ground water》2021,59(1):80-89
Geogenic arsenic in drinking water is a worldwide problem. For private well owners, testing (e.g., private or government laboratory) is the main method to determine arsenic concentration. However, the temporal variability of arsenic concentrations is not well characterized and it is not clear how often private wells should be tested. To answer this question, three datasets, two new and one publicly available, with temporal arsenic data were utilized: 6370 private wells from New Jersey tested at least twice since 2002, 2174 wells from the USGS NAWQA database, and 391 private wells sampled 14 years apart from Bangladesh. Two arsenic drinking water standards are used for the analysis: 10 µg/L, the WHO guideline and EPA standard or maximum contaminant level (MCL) and 5 µg/L, the New Jersey MCL. A rate of change was determined for each well and these rates were used to predict the temporal change in arsenic for a range of initial arsenic concentrations below an MCL. For each MCL and initial concentration, the probability of exceeding an MCL over time was predicted. Results show that to limit a person to below a 5% chance of drinking water above an MCL, wells that are ½ an MCL and above should be tested every year and wells below ½ an MCL should be tested every 5 years. These results indicate that one test result below an MCL is inadequate to ensure long-term compliance. Future recommendations should account for temporal variability when creating drinking water standards and guidance for private well owners. 相似文献
603.
Kwan-Nang Pang Nicholas Arndt Henrik Svensen Sverre Planke Alexander Polozov Stephane Polteau Yoshiyuki Iizuka Sun-Lin Chung 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,165(4):683-704
Devonian evaporites and associated sedimentary rocks in the Norilsk region were contact metamorphosed during emplacement of mafic sills that form part of the end-Permian (~252 Ma) Siberian Traps. We present mineralogical, geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic data on sedimentary rocks unaffected by metamorphism, and meta-sedimentary rocks from selected contact aureoles at Norilsk, to examine the mechanisms responsible for magma-evaporite interaction and its relation to the end-Permian environmental crisis. The sedimentary rocks include massive anhydrite, rock salt, dolostone, calcareous siltstones and shale, and the meta-sedimentary rocks comprise calcareous hornfels, siliceous hornfels and minor meta-anhydrite and meta-sandstone. Contact metamorphism took place at low pressure and at maximum temperatures corresponding to the phlogopite-diopside stability field. Calcareous hornfels have high CaO, MgO, CΟ2, SΟ3, low SiO2 and initial Sr isotopic ratios of 0.7079–0.7092, features indicative of calcareous siltstone protoliths. Siliceous hornfels, in contrast, have high SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, low in other major element oxides and initial Sr isotopic ratios of 0.7083–0.7152, consistent with pelitic or shaley protoliths. Loss of CO2 in a subset of calcareous hornfels can be explained by decarbonation reactions during metamorphism, but release of SO2 from evaporites cannot be accounted for by a similar mechanism. Occurrences of wollastonite and a variety of hydrous minerals in the calcareous hornfels are consistent with equilibration with hydrous fluid, which was capable of leaching large quantities of anhydrite in the presence of dissolved NaCl. In this way, substantial sediment-derived sulfur could have been mobilized, incorporated into the magmatic system and released to the atmosphere. The release of CO2 and SO2 from Siberian evaporites added to the variety of toxic gases generated during metamorphism of organic matter, coal and rock salt, contributing to the end-Permian environmental crisis. 相似文献
604.
605.
Kenji Satake Alexander B. Rabinovich Dale Dominey-Howes José C. Borrero 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(6-8):955-961
Twenty-one papers on the 2011 Tohoku, Japan tsunami are included in Volume I of the PAGEOPH topical issue “Historical and Recent Catastrophic Tsunamis in the World.” Two papers discuss seismological aspects of the event with an emphasis on tsunami generation and warning. Five papers report the impacts and effects in Japan through field surveys of tsunami heights, building damage, and tsunami deposits or analysis of satellite data. Eight papers report the tsunami effects on other Pacific coasts, including the Kuril Islands, the USA, French Polynesia, the Galapagos Islands, Australia, and New Zealand. Three papers report on analyses of the instrumental records of the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, and two more papers report their modelling efforts of the tsunami. Several of the above papers also compare the 2011 Tohoku and 2010 Chile tsunamis. 相似文献
606.
Alexander B. Rabinovich Richard E. Thomson Isaac V. Fine 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(9-10):1529-1565
The major (M w = 8.8) Chilean earthquake of 27 February 2010 generated a trans-oceanic tsunami that was observed throughout the Pacific Ocean. Waves associated with this event had features similar to those of the 1960 tsunami generated in the same region by the Great (M w = 9.5) 1960 Chilean Earthquake. Both tsunamis were clearly observed on the coast of British Columbia. The 1960 tsunami was measured by 17 analog pen-and-paper tide gauges, while the 2010 tsunami was measured by 11 modern digital coastal tide gauges, four NEPTUNE-Canada bottom pressure recorders located offshore from southern Vancouver Island, and two nearby open-ocean DART stations. The 2010 records were augmented by data from seven NOAA tide gauges on the coast of Washington State. This study examines the principal characteristics of the waves from the 2010 event (height, period, duration, and arrival and travel times) and compares these properties for the west coast of Canada with corresponding properties of the 1960 tsunami. Results show that the 2010 waves were approximately 3.5 times smaller than the 1960 waves and reached the British Columbia coast 1 h earlier. The maximum 2010 wave heights were observed at Port Alberni (98.4 cm) and Winter Harbour (68.3 cm); the observed periods ranged from 12 min at Port Hardy to 110–120 min at Prince Rupert and Port Alberni and 150 min at Bamfield. The open-ocean records had maximum wave heights of 6–11 cm and typical periods of 7 and 15 min. Coastal and open-ocean tsunami records revealed persistent oscillations that “rang” for 3–4 days. Tsunami energy occupied a broad band of periods from 3 to 300 min. Estimation of the inverse celerity vectors from cross-correlation analysis of the deep-sea tsunami records shows that the tsunami waves underwent refraction as they approached the coast of Vancouver Island with the direction of the incoming waves changing from an initial direction of 340° True to a direction of 15° True for the second train of waves that arrived 7 h later after possible reflection from the Marquesas and Hawaiian islands. 相似文献
607.
Abstract Temperature profiles (temperature as function of depth) can be used to derive vertical flow velocities or recharge rates. In many cases, solutions to the one-dimensional (1-D) heat transport equation are used, considering steady-state boundary conditions. Factors which can influence the derivation of the mean vertical flow velocity are studied here. Therefore, an explicit finite-difference approximation to the 1-D heat transport equation coupled with an inverse scheme was used to interpret temperature profiles. Measurement error (larger than 0.05°C) can result in important deviation of the derived mean flow velocity. Variation of vertical flow velocity as a function of time leads to asymmetric temperature envelopes. Yearly variation in vertical flow velocities, or temperature variations of the recharge water, also results in asymmetric temperature envelopes. Interpretation of these asymmetric envelopes leads to important differences between derived and actual mean vertical flow velocities. Citation Vandenbohede, A. &; Lebbe, L. (2010) Recharge assessment by means of vertical temperature profiles: analysis of possible influences. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(5), 792–804. 相似文献
608.
Alexander Barth Aida Alvera-Azcárate Jean-Marie Beckers Joanna Staneva Emil V. Stanev Johannes Schulz-Stellenfleth 《Ocean Dynamics》2011,61(5):599-610
Surface winds are crucial for accurately modeling the surface circulation in the coastal ocean. In the present work, high-frequency
radar surface currents are assimilated using an ensemble scheme which aims to obtain improved surface winds taking into account
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts winds as a first guess and surface current measurements. The objective
of this study is to show that wind forcing can be improved using an approach similar to parameter estimation in ensemble data
assimilation. Like variational assimilation schemes, the method provides an improved wind field based on surface current measurements.
However, the technique does not require an adjoint, and it is thus easier to implement. In addition, it does not rely on a
linearization of the model dynamics. The method is validated directly by comparing the analyzed wind speed to independent
in situ measurements and indirectly by assessing the impact of the corrected winds on model sea surface temperature (SST)
relative to satellite SST. 相似文献
609.
Marina KOLPAKOVA Stepan SHVARTSEV Vitalyi ISUPOV Sodov ARIUNBILEG Alexander VLADIMIROV Olga GASKOVA 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):142-144
正All the lakes are accumulative systems for the various chemical elements.However,the ratios of the elements in different lake types are very different.It is generally accepted that the composition of lake water determined by 相似文献
610.
正1 Introduction Many of the stratified lakes are characterized by the presence of large populations of cryptomonads in their chemocline zones(Reynolds,1992;Gervais et al,2003;Pedro's-Alio'et al.,1995).These populations are adapted to low light intensity and high sulfide concentration;they have a mixotrophic ability and form the so-called"deep chlorophyll maxima"(Gervais,1998;Marsha"and Laybourn-Parry,2002).A similar Cryptomonas sp. 相似文献