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991.
E. L. Chapin D. H. Hughes I. Aretxaga 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,393(2):653-662
We measure the local galaxy far-infrared (FIR) 60 to 100 μm colour–luminosity distribution using an all-sky IRAS survey. This distribution is an important reference for the next generation of FIR–submillimetre surveys that have and will conduct deep extragalactic surveys at 250–500 μm. With the peak in dust-obscured star-forming activity leading to present-day giant ellipticals now believed to occur in submillimetre galaxies near z ∼ 2.5 , these new FIR–submillimetre surveys will directly sample the spectral energy distributions of these distant objects at rest-frame FIR wavelengths similar to those at which local galaxies were observed by IRAS . We have taken care to correct for the temperature bias and the evolution effects in our IRAS 60-μm-selected sample. We verify that our colour–luminosity distribution is consistent with the measurements of the local FIR luminosity function, before applying it to the higher redshift Universe. We compare our colour–luminosity correlation with recent dust–temperature measurements of submillimetre galaxies and find evidence for pure luminosity evolution of the form (1 + z )3 . This distribution will be useful for the development of evolutionary models for Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) and Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) surveys as it provides a statistical distribution of the rest-frame dust temperatures for galaxies as a function of luminosity. 相似文献
992.
R. L. Karale K. K. Narula V. Dayal K. M. Saini 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1989,17(1):23-31
In order to check the premature siltation of the reservoirs and guard against the drop in the irrigation potential, the Government of India has launched the schemes of soil conservation and integrated watershed management in the catchments of RVPs and Flood Prone rivers. Owing to the large financial and manpower commitments needed to implement and execute soil conservation measures over vast catchment areas, a priority approach for treatment was identified. The methodology developed for prioritization of watersheds of a catchment area conceptualizes sedimentation of the reservoirs as a multiplicative function of erosivity value and the delivery ratio. This paper deals with the development of a computerized data base software module ‘WEIGHT’ for determination of erosivity values for the mapping units comprising assemblages of the varying combinations of climate, physiography and slope, land use and cover conditions, soil characteristics (texture, solumn thickness, permeability and pH) and the existing erosion and soil conservation measures. The WEIGHT software package is coded in FORTRON-4 for PDP 11/83 operating system. the data base comprises storage of the attributes of the different erosivity determinants of the mapping units with predetermined erosivity values sequentially on a disk and comparing the attributes of a new mapping unit to get the most probabilities erosivity value. The objective has been to eliminate the personal bias and bring about the objectivity in the process of assigning erosivity values to the different mapping units. The data base design, design logic and operational sequence of the data base are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
993.
Whistler data recorded during a 14 h period on 10–11 July 1973 at Siple (L = 4.17) and Sanae (L = 3.98) have been used to compare the apparent plasma convection patterns observed from these Antarctic stations. Two distinct bulges in the plasmasphere are seen at both stations, each bulge corresponding to an apparent outflowed followed by in flow of plasma. These structures do not coincide in U.T. or M.L.T. The first bulge is seen at Siple almost 1 h earlier in M.L.T. than at Sanae and the second bulge almost 3 h earlier. This is interpreted in terms of a fairly rapid westward and inward movement of the plasmasphere structure. 相似文献
994.
A. A. Galal H. A. Deebes Maha S. Quassim Shahinaz Yousef 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1995,70(1-3):151-162
TheK
p-indices measured at Misallat station [ø = 29°45 N; = 30°54 E] during the period 1958–1989, have been compared with the data of two geomagnetic stations; one of them has similar longitude as Misallat and the second has almost similar latitude. The spectra of daily and hourly data of the three stations are compared together to define the latitude and longitude-effects on the detected periodicities. Daily periodicities ofK
p-index activities at the values 32.7, 21.2, 12.9, 11.6 and 9.2 days have been obtained to be common in the spectra of the three stations. The existence of 5-days periodicity in these stations has also been detected. 相似文献
995.
Marc W. Pound Jave O. Kane Bruce A. Remington Dmitri D. Ryutov Akira Mizuta Hideaki Takabe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(1-2):177-181
Over the past few years, our group has been developing hydrodynamic models to simulate formation of the Eagle Nebula pillars.
The true test of any model is, of course, how well it can reproduce the observations. Here, we discuss how we go about testing
our models against observations. We describe the process by which we “observe” the model data to create synthetic maps. We
show an example of this technique using one of our model runs and compare the resultant synthetic map to the real one. 相似文献
996.
997.
Averaged many-year measurement data on the concentrations of mineral forms of biogenic elements are analyzed, and their total concentrations in the rivers of Selenga, Chikoi, Khilok, Uda, Dzhida, and Temnik are evaluated. The monthly variations of the concentrations of major biogenic substances are characterized, and their ratios within a year are determined. Characteristics of river water runoff and biogenic substance concentrations are used to evaluate their within-year discharge by rivers. Characteristic variations in the ratios between the total and mineral forms of biogenic elements discharged by rivers have been revealed. It is established that the share of mineral components in the total input into the Selenga delta Ntot and Ptot are 82 and 22%, respectively. 相似文献
998.
999.
C. P. Goff L. van Driel-Gesztelyi P. Démoulin J. L. Culhane S. A. Matthews L. K. Harra C. H. Mandrini K. L. Klein H. Kurokawa 《Solar physics》2007,240(2):283-299
A series of flares (GOES class M, M and C) and a CME were observed in close succession on 20 January 2004 in NOAA 10540. Radio
observations, which took the form of types II, III and N bursts, were associated with these events. We use the combined observations
from TRACE, EIT, Hα images from Kwasan, MDI magnetograms and GOES to understand the complex development of this event. Contrary
to a standard interpretation, we conclude that the first two impulsive flares are part of the CME launch process while the
following long-duration event flare represents simply the recovery phase. Observations show that the flare ribbons not only
separate but also shift along the magnetic inversion line so that magnetic reconnection progresses stepwise to neighboring
flux tubes. We conclude that “tether cutting” reconnection in the sheared arcade progressively transforms it to a twisted
flux tube, which becomes unstable, leading to a CME. We interpret the third flare, a long-duration event, as a combination
of the classical two-ribbon flare with the relaxation process following forced reconnection between the expanding CME structure
and neighboring magnetic fields.
Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article () contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
1000.
Geraint J. A. Harker Saleem Zaroubi Rajat M. Thomas Vibor Jeli Panagiotis Labropoulos Garrelt Mellema Ilian T. Iliev Gianni Bernardi Michiel A. Brentjens A. G. de Bruyn Benedetta Ciardi Leon V. E. Koopmans V. N. Pandey reas H. Pawlik Joop Schaye Sarod Yatawatta 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,393(4):1449-1458
Detecting redshifted 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen in the early Universe promises to give direct constraints on the epoch of reionization (EoR). It will, though, be very challenging to extract the cosmological signal (CS) from foregrounds and noise which are orders of magnitude larger. Fortunately, the signal has some characteristics which differentiate it from the foregrounds and noise, and we suggest that using the correct statistics may tease out signatures of reionization. We generate mock data cubes simulating the output of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) EoR experiment. These cubes combine realistic models for Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds and the noise with three different simulations of the CS. We fit out the foregrounds, which are smooth in the frequency direction, to produce residual images in each frequency band. We denoise these images and study the skewness of the one-point distribution in the images as a function of frequency. We find that, under sufficiently optimistic assumptions, we can recover the main features of the redshift evolution of the skewness in the 21-cm signal. We argue that some of these features – such as a dip at the onset of reionization, followed by a rise towards its later stages – may be generic, and give us a promising route to a statistical detection of reionization. 相似文献