生态文明背景下海洋经济高质量发展路径探索———以海南为例

生态文明是海洋经济发展的自然基础和约束条件,赋予了海洋经济发展更丰富的内涵。海洋经济高质量发展是生态文明背景下海洋经济发展的必然趋势,其内涵包含:（1）转变海洋经济增长方式,优化产业结构,增强内生动力,实现海洋经济量的稳定增长;（2）有效提升海洋生态产品供给能力;（3）提升社会福祉。海南省作为我国海洋面积最大的省,具有...     

地质灾害经济损失评估

地质灾害经济损失评估主要是计算地质灾害所造成的经济损失额,评价灾害事件的经济损失水平,为防灾减灾提供依据。     

卧龙自然保护区内海拔梯度上林窗如何影响植物多样性?（英文）

Understanding the underlying ecological processes that control plant diversity within(α-diversity) and among(β-diversity) forest gaps is important for managing natural forest ecosystems, and it is also a prerequisite for identifying the formation and maintenance mechanisms of forest plant communities. In this study, we focused on the interrelationships among habitat type(gap/non-gap plots), gap size, elevation and environmental factors, and we explored their effects on plant diversity(α-diversity and β-diversity). To do this, a total of 21 non-gap(i.e., closed canopy) plots(100 m2) and 63 gap plots, including 21 with large gaps(200–410 m2), 21 with medium gaps(100–200 m2) and 21 with small gaps(38.5– 100 m2),were selected along an elevational gradient in a subalpine coniferous forest of southwestern China. Using structural equation models(SEMs), we analyzed how forest gaps affected plant diversity(α-diversity and β-diversity) along an elevational gradient. The results showed that(1) as elevation increased, unimodal patterns of α-diversity were found in different-sized gaps, and β-diversity showed a consistent sinusoidal function pattern in different-sized gaps. The gap size was positively related to α-diversity, but this effect disappeared above 3500 masl. Moreover, the patterns of α-diversity and β-diversity in non-gap plots were irregular along the elevational gradient.(2) SEMs demonstrated that many environmental factors, such as the annual mean air temperature(AMAT), ultraviolet-A radiation(365 nm, UV-A365), ultraviolet-B1 radiation(297 nm, UV-B297), moss thickness(MT), soil carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N ratio), NH4-N and NO3-N, were significantly affected by elevation, which then affected α-diversity and β-diversity. The photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD), UV-A365 and UV-B297 were significantly higher in plots with forest gaps than in the non-gap plots. Moreover, the PPFD and UV-A365 were positively and directly affected by gap size. Surprisingly, except for the NH4-N and the C/N ratios, the below-ground environmental factors showed little or no relationships with forest gaps. All of these effects contributed to plant diversity. Overall, the above-ground environmental factors were more sensitive to gap-forming disturbances than the below-ground environmental factors, which affected α-diversity and β-diversity. The predicted pathway in the SEMs of the elevational effects on α-diversity andβ-diversity was relatively complicated compared with the effects of forest gaps. These results can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms driving the diversity-habitat relationship in the subalpine coniferous forests of southwestern China.     

新疆地下水开发利用现状及对策

1新疆地下水资源的基本概况新疆是内陆干旱地区,具有“荒漠绿洲、灌溉农业”型生态环境和社会经济体系,水利在新疆国民经济和社会发展中占有突出地位,它不仅是绿洲生态的命脉,也是新疆国民经济的命脉。1984年进行的水资源评价中,新疆地表水资源793亿m3,河川径流总量884亿     

四平市城市垃圾场适宜性评价

随着社会的发展,垃圾处理场越来越成为城市的一个主要的环境问题。本文结合四平市的城市地质环境背景,根据城市垃圾场的评价原则以及选址要求,对四平市的3个城市垃圾场进行了适宜性评价。     

三峡蓄水后库区洪水波传播规律初步分析

三峡水库蓄水后,原天然河道变成水库回水区,库区内洪水传播特性发生显著变化,且不同库段内洪水传播特性随库水位及上游来水条件而改变。针对三峡蓄水后库区水力条件变化,基于MIKE11模型模拟计算不同库水位及来水条件下洪水波在库区传播时间,以及影响洪水波传播的水流速度,运动波、动力波传播速度等因子,通过对计算结果验证与分析,初步揭示了三峡库区内不同库段在各种来水条件下的洪水波特性以及变化规律。     

论南极条约体系的法律实施与执行

以1959年《南极条约》为核心的南极条约体系为缔约国确立了非军事化、南极环境保护、南极海洋生物资源养护等宽泛的国际法义务。随着南极条约体系的不断发展,南极人类活动的形式也从早期单一的政府组织的科学考察活动,朝着南极旅游、南极渔业以及南极生物资源勘探等多元化的商业活动方向发展。南极条约体系主要通过国际法层面的视察机制,以及敦促缔约国采取必要的国内立法或其他适当措施的形式具体实施和执行其所确立的原则与规则。不过因视察机制缺乏必要的救济措施、属人管辖限制而造成的对非缔约国执法真空,以及因地理位置遥远、气候环境严酷而导致的法律执行不能等问题依然困扰整个南极机制。面对挑战,南极条约体系应通过强化国际执法合作、完善南极视察机制以及加强公民极地教育等综合执法手段加以积极应对。     

吉林省不同类型矿山地质环境问题及恢复治理对策初探

吉林省矿业活动引发的矿山地质环境问题主要是地面塌陷、地下水资源污染破坏、地形地貌景观破坏和压占、毁损土地资源.根据吉林省不同类型矿山引发的地质环境问题的特点,探讨各类矿山宜采取的地质环境保护与恢复治理对策,为今后实施矿山地质环境保护工程提出可行性建议.     

基于EM聚类的X射线背散射图像违禁品分割方法

X射线康普顿背散射(CBS)技术是一项较新的射线安检技术,可以提高复杂背景下安检设备对爆炸物等有机违禁品的探测力度,这其中一个重要环节就是图像中有机违禁品的分割问题,本文分析了CBS技术成像图像的特点,有针对性地提出了一种基于EM聚类的图像中有机违禁品的图像分割方法,实验结果表明该方法具有很好的适用性。     

澳大利亚南极利益——现实挑战与政策应对

地理空间上的相对邻近性与最为广阔的领土主张,使得南极一直都是澳大利亚最为重要的战略重点之一。在积极参与南极事务的过程中,澳大利亚通过对其南极利益与面临的挑战所形成的明确具体的认识,逐渐建立起一系列完善、健全的政策机制,并将维护领土主权、加大科研投入、保护南极环境、获取经济收益作为现阶段的主要目标。