暗能量的理论模型

自1998年超新星观测发现宇宙加速膨胀以来,暗能量问题已经成为当前天体物理和宇宙学研究中最重要的问题之一.此后关于宇宙微波背景辐射和大尺度结构的测量也进一步支持了1998年的发现.该文首先概述了宇宙学的起源,然后详细介绍了目前解释宇宙加速膨胀机制的三类模型,包括各模型提出的动机、存在的优缺点,以及当前的主要进展等.最后对暗能量模型作了总结和展望.     

北京城市湿地时空演变及驱动力定量分析(英文)

The decision tree and the threshold methods have been adopted to delineate boundaries and features of water bodies from LANDSAT images. After a spatial overlay analysis and using a remote sensing technique and the wetland inventory data in Beijing, the water bodies were visually classified into different types of urban wetlands, and data on the urban wetlands of Beijing in 1986, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2007 were obtained. Thirteen driving factors that affect wetland change were selected, and gray correlation analysis was employed to calculate the correlation between each driving factor and the total area of urban wetlands. Then, six major driving factors were selected based on the correlation coefficient, and the contribution rates of these six driving factors to the area change of various urban wetlands were calculated based on canonical correlation analysis. After that, this research analyzed the relationship and mechanism between the main driving factors and various types of wetlands. Five conclusions can be drawn. (1) The total area of surface water bodies in Beijing increased from 1986 to 1996, and gradually decreased from 1996 to 2007. (2) The areas of the river wetlands, water storage areas and pool and culture areas gradually decreased, and its variation tendency is consistent with that of the total area of wetlands. The area of the mining water areas and wastewater treatment plants slightly increased. (3) The six factors of driving forces are the annual rainfall, the evaporation, the quantity of inflow water, the volume of groundwater available, the urbanization rate and the daily average discharge of wastewater are the main factors affecting changes in the wetland areas, and they correlate well with the total area of wetlands. (4) The hydrologic indicators of water resources such as the quantity of inflow water and the volume of groundwater are the most important and direct driving forces that affect the change of the wetland area. These factors have a combined contribution rate of 43.94%. (5) Climate factors such as rainfall and evaporation are external factors that affect the changes in wetland area, and they have a contribution rate of 36.54%. (6) Human activities such as the urbanization rate and the daily average quantity of waste-water are major artificial driving factors. They have an influence rate of 19.52%.     

基于模型集成的北京湿地价值评价系统设计与实现

湿地价值评价让公众和管理者很直观了解湿地功能及价值大小,对于湿地保护宣传和湿地管理都有着重要的意义。本文在北京湿地的大气调节、气候调节、蓄水调洪、水质净化、地下水补给、控制土壤侵蚀、生物多样性、滞尘、生物产品、水源供给、文化遗产和旅游休憩等12项价值评价方法研究基础上,利用ArcGIS Model Builder等多种建模方式,构建了12项湿地价值评价模型,并基于ArcGIS Engine二次开发组件,在.NET环境下设计和实现了北京湿地价值评价系统。结果表明:(1)先建立模型及工具集,然后进行统一封装和调用,最后开发应用系统,这种湿地价值评价系统设计与开发方式快速简单、容易实现、而且稳定可靠;(2)该系统可以有效管理湿地资源数据,方便快捷地完成湿地资源各项功能价值评价和综合价值测算,快速获得北京湿地的各个湿地斑块、各种类型湿地、各行政区县和任何统计单元的湿地单项功能价值和综合功能价值量,还可以快速编制湿地价值空间图和统计报表;(3)该系统为湿地价值评价提供了一种自动化、流程化、标准化的测量方法,具有一定的推广潜力。     

支持向量机的北京城市热岛模拟:热岛强度空间格局曲面模拟及其应用

将支持向量机(SVM)曲面拟合算法引入城市热岛强度曲面模拟研究,以MODIS的地表温度产品(LST)数据为例,对2006～2008年北京地区城市热岛强度进行支持向量机(SVM)曲面拟合.敏感性分析和精度评价表明该算法精度较高,能够用来表征城市热岛的空间格局特征.应用结果表明,凭借该算法可对地表城市热岛制图.在年内和年际...     

坝料流变对高面板堆石坝的应力变形影响研究

在高应力状态下坝料的流变较为明显。为研究坝料流变对混凝土面板坝应力变形的影响,采用长科院九参数幂级数流变模型及其试验参数,对某高混凝土面板堆石坝进行应力、变形分析。结果表明,坝料流变使坝体变形明显增加,坝体应力有所减小。考虑坝料的流变特性后的面板法向位移(挠度)明显增加,面板坝轴向和顺坡向应力极值增加。对于分期浇筑面板和分期蓄水的高混凝土面板堆石坝,选用合适的流变本构模型正确地模拟堆石体的流变特性,可以为大坝填筑进度及面板分期浇筑时间的确定提供参考,并有助于正确地预测大坝的应力变形。     

多波多分量地震探测技术

随着油气勘探程度的提高,越来越多地显示出地下介质的复杂性,多波多分量地震勘探可以提供更多的信息。本文主要论述多波多分量地震勘探在各向异性介质中应用时的效应,可以解决的实际问题和各向异性介质中地震波传播特征,并给出实例说明多波多分量地震勘探的应用范围。     

地理国情普查遥感正射影像制作关键技术研究

遥感影像作为地理国情普查生产的主要基础影像数据源,其正射影像制作过程的关键技术控制,是普查任务正确、顺利开展的基本保障,本文对这些关键技术进行了研究和分析。     

矿化信息提取的混合蚀变遥感模型——以鹰嘴山金矿区为例

在围岩蚀变类型丰富、成矿作用复杂的甘肃省鹰嘴山金矿区,依据矿化蚀变岩与其围岩的波谱特征差异,通过对地面实测光 谱数据及其岩矿石多元数据的统计分析,建立混合蚀变遥感模型。选择最佳变量图像或变量图像组合,最终提取出该地区的混合蚀变 遥感异常信息。实践证明,该方法在矿化信息的提取上效果显著。     

指示冬小麦条锈病严重度的两个新的红边参数

通过人工田间诱发不同等级条锈病,在不同生育期测定了36条感染不同严重程度条锈病的冬小麦冠层光谱及相应叶片的生理生化参量。对测定的冬小麦红边一阶微分光谱进行分析,发现随着病情严重度的增加,红边一阶微分的前峰(700nm附近)越来越明显,后峰(约在725—740nm)越来越不突出,以红边一阶微分的双峰特征随病情指数的变化为基础,设计了两个新型的红边参数:DSr和Ar,它们可以分别用来描述红边一阶微分光谱曲线的陡峭度和不对称性,与其他常用的红边参数(红边位置、红边一阶微分最大值,红边一阶微分所包围面积)相比,新参数反演病情严重度的精度更高。     

DLG测图工作量机助评定系统开发

DLG测图过程中的复杂性和不可预知性,给作业人员的工作量评定带来很大障碍,本文基于SQL数据库,采用C#平台,开发了DLG测图工作量评定系统.