A ca. 2.2Ga Acidic Magmatic Event at the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Craton: Evidence from U‐Pb Dating and Hf Isotope Analysis of Zircons from the Kongling Complex

正Objective The Yangtze craton experienced Paleoproterozoic collisional orogeny at ca.1.95–2.0 Ga and post-orogenic extensional events at ca.1.85 Ga related to amalgamation of the Columbia(Nuna)supercontinent(Zhao and Cawood,2012).A ca.2.15 Ga suprasubduction zone ophiolitic mélange was recongized in the ArcheanPaleoproterozoic Kongling Complex of the northern     

Isolation,Identification, and Quantitative Determination of Saponin in Apostichopus japonicus by HPLC-DAD

Apostichopus japonicus is an important invertebrate that is widely used as a tonic food in Asian countries.The purpose of this study is to purify and identify a class of compound,the saponins,from the body wall of A.japonicus,and to establish a new me-thod to determine the quantity of saponins in the sea cucumber.In this study,the saponins of A.japonicus,cladoloside A(CA),were ob-tained from 80%ethanol extract by column chromatography for the first time and were characterized using the spectral method.The resulting purified saponins were then profiled using ¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,and ESI-MS,which revealed the CA molecular formula of C₅₃H₈₂O₂ and contained a triterpenoid backbone,a methylglucopyranosyl moiety,a quinovopyranosyl,and two xylopyranosyls.A me-thod for the quantitative determination of CA,comprising microwave-assisted extraction,high-performance liquid chromatography,and diode array detector method,was established.Extraction efficiency was optimized by changing microwave power,extraction sol-vent,volume,time,and temperature.Results showed that under the optimum conditions(extraction time of 10 min,temperature of 45℃,and solvent of 25 mL 70%ethanol under 400 W),the detection limit of CA was 0.0015 mg mL^?1,and the recoveries of CA from samples at spiking levels of 10,20,and 50μg g^?1 ranged from 90.1%-104%.The proposed method was successfully applied to ana-lyze the saponins in different tissues of A.japonicus collected in different seasons.The method developed in this study can provide quantitative technical support for the quality control of A.japonicus.     

Influence of Wave Direction on the Dynamic Response of A Submarine Equipment Launch and Recovery System

A launch and recovery system for a seafloor drill was studied using a dynamic model that considered the influences of seawater resistance and the elastic deformation of the cable based on the lumped mass method. The influence of wave direction angle on heave, roll, and pitch motions of the ship was analyzed, and those motion characteristics were then used to assess the tension response of the armored umbilical cable at the lifting point under different wave direction angles. By analyzing the dif...     

非理想热力学混合作用对溶体矿物热容的影响——以斜方顽火辉石—正铁辉石固

斜方顽火辉石－正铁辉石（MgSiO3-FeSiO3)中Fe^2 及Mg^2 在M2和M2两种等效位置上进行非理想混合。研究表明，辉石的等压热容(Cp)强烈依赖于组成，呈非线性关系，可表示为：Cp^Opx=XMg^OpxCp^Ep XFe^OpxCp^FS-XMg^Opx(-283086×10^3/T^2 88118.6×10^7 /T^3-561892×10^9/ T^4)-XMg^OpxXFe^Opx(XFe^Opx-XMg^Opx)(-30196.3×10^3/T^2 50360.6×10^6/T^3)-XMg^OpxXfe^Opx(XFe^Opx-XMg^Opx)^2(-343186×10^3/T^2-1010700×10^6/T^3 673448×10^9/T^4)或Cp^Opx=XMg^OpxCp^En MFe^OpxCp^Es-XFe^Pox×10^3/T^2[1475.47(1-XFe-M1)^2 10291.155(1-XFe-M2)-TMg^Opx×10/T^2[14758.47(1-XMg-M1)^2 10291.155(1-XMg-M2)^2]低温时热容的非理想混合效应显著，随着温度的升高，等温热容曲线（空间热容曲面）从一个极大值点（峰脊）分解为两个极大值点（峰脊），且逐渐趋向于理想混合热容直线（或平面）。     

The Electromagnetic Exploration Experimentation of Nihe Porphyry Iron Ore in Anhui

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The Biomarkers in the Mesoproterozoic Organic-rich Rocks of North China Craton: Implication for the Precursor and Preservation of Organism in the Prokaryotic Realm

Mesoproterozoic marine organic-rich rocks are widely distributed in the North China Craton,include the Gaoyuzhuang(GYZ),the Hongshuizhuang(HSZ),and the Xiamaling(XML)formations.According to the T;value and isomerisation ratio of C;homohopanes,the XML,HSZ,and GYZ samples were in low mature,mature and high mature stage,respectively.Biomarker distribution in extractable organic matter(EOM)of three Mesoproterozoic organic-rock samples in different maturity were analysed to reveal the organic precursor and preservation pathway of in the Mesoproterozoic Combined with gold-tube pyrolysates of three Mesoproterozoic samples,it could further illuminate the chemical composition of Mesoproterozoic kerogen,given excluding.The results indicated that the three formations were all deposited under reducing condition and their organic precursors mainly were some aquatic organisms.High content of rearranged hopanes was detected in EOM of XML and HSZ samples,whereas they were relatively low in the high mature GYZ sample.Contrast to that in EOM,the relative concentration of rearranged hopanes sharply decreased in the gold-tube pyrolysates of the XML kerogen,then slightly increased but was still significantly lower than the EOM of XML sample,which indicated that catalysis of clay minerals in the early diagenesis only changed the chemical composition of the unstable functional groups of the kerogen during the preservation.Due to the thriving heterotrophic microbes and low sink rate of particulate organic matter during the Mesoproterozoic,primary producers suffered extensive degradation during sinking process,only some resistant biopolymers lacking of lipid compounds survived from heterotrophic degradation,while heterotrophic microbes contained more proportion of organic precursors.Abundant pristane(Pr)and phytane(Ph)were only released in high mature stage because of the protection of the macromolecular structure of resistant biopolymers which prevented biomarkers from being altered by the thermal stress.The absence of 13α(n-alkyl)-tricyclic terpanes in the high matured hydrocarbon products also indicated the different precursors between different parts of Mesoproterozoic kerogen.The evolution of the biomarker composition and content of Mesoproterozoic kerogen showed some special characteristics differing from those of Phanerozoic kerogen.The total concentrations of hopanes displayed with an order of low mature stage>high mature stage>mature stage.Relative content of rearranged hopanes in the hydrocarbon generated in high mature stage was significantly lower than that in the low maturity stage.The ratios of Pr/n-C₁₇ and Ph/n-C₁₈ increased with thermal maturity,and the ratio of nC_21-/nC₂₂₊ decreased in the high maturity stage,thus displaying another order of mature stage>high maturity stage>low maturity stage.The unique preservation pathway of Mesoproterozoic organisms was attributed to the special evolution characteristics of biomarker distributions,which should be considered in the Mesoproterozoic marine environment and biological studies.     

Discovery and Genesis Discussion on A Early-Cambrian Large-Scale Vanadium Deposit from Eastern Guizhou, China

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