基于Shift-Share的辽宁老工业基地区域经济弹性特征分析

研究老工业基地经济弹性特征对于增强其应对国内外扰动,促进落后的老工业基地全面振兴具有重要意义。本文采用区域经济弹性概念,在对1990—2015年辽宁老工业基地经济周期划分的基础上,测度各城市不同周期中经济抵抗力和恢复力表征区域经济弹性,借助shift-share分析法将区域经济弹性分解为产业结构分量和区域竞争力分量,揭示区域经济弹性的作用机制,结果发现：在不同时段内的区域经济弹性具有动态差异性特征,辽宁省对冲击扰动的抵抗力较低,容易遭受冲击影响;城市产业结构和区域竞争力均对区域经济弹性产生重要作用,且区域竞争力起主导作用,当前辽宁区域经济弹性受产业结构素质低和竞争力弱双重约束;服务业受老工业基地“路径依赖”影响,长期存在结构水平低和竞争力弱问题,第二产业结构素质和竞争力不匹配问题严重,路径依赖下的制度锁定现象仍旧存在,这都限制了辽宁的区域经济弹性水平。针对区域经济弹性特征和内部机制,提出了促进辽宁老工业基地经济振兴的对策建议。     

人地关系驱动下浙北乡村聚落空间演变与发展研究

从人地关系的诱发出现、推动演化和塑造多样3个维度的作用机理及由生产作用促进力、土地承载力和生产生活组织力构成的核心推动力内涵入手,研究了人地关系驱动下的乡村聚落空间形态演变,讨论了浙北聚落空间演变的重要特征,探寻乡村聚落空间的演变动力与内在规律。结果发现:(1)人地关系所呈现出的生产作用、人地承载、生产生活组织重要特征构成了以生产促进力、土地承载力、生产生活组织力为内涵的乡村聚落空间演化核心驱动力;(2)人地关系驱动下,浙北乡村聚落先后经历了低密度散落分布的原始阶段,"由疏至密"的浙北城-镇-村的传统农业社会阶段,以上海为核心、以水路交通为联系网络的"指向性"城-镇-村近代空间体系阶段,及以交通线为发展轴、以工业和居住用地扩张为特点的改革开放后阶段;(3)在乡村振兴战略实施背景下,浙北人地关系核心驱动力在生产作用、土地承载力、生产生活组织方面发生变化,未来浙北乡村聚落空间将朝着以区域一体化为基础的"指向性"现代城-镇-村体系与集约高效的生产空间、宜居适度的生活空间和山清水秀的生态空间统筹方向发展。     

官厅水库上游河流水质空间变异多元统计分析北大核心CSCD

于2017年10月4～15日,在官厅水库上游河流设置采样点,采集水样;采用空间聚类分析、模糊综合评价法、综合判别分析和主成分分析方法,对官厅水库上游河流的水质进行了评价,辨析了流域上游河流水质空间变异的关键要素及影响因素。研究结果表明,官厅水库上游河流的总体水环境空间变异明显,上游河流溶解氧和总磷含量都高于地表水环境质量标准(GB3838—2002)Ⅲ类水域标准,其它值都低于Ⅲ类标准;水体pH平均值为11.19,水体呈强碱性,浊度的空间变异性较高;不同支流水体化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、氨氮和总溶解固体含量差异明显;桑干河和洋河下游河水污染最严重,以有机物污染和氨氮营养盐污染为主,且氨氮营养盐空间变异强烈,污染物多来自生活和工业废水;洋河上游河水污染较严重,以总磷和浊度污染为主,污染物主要来自于不合理使用化肥和有机农药;清水河和妫水河河水水质较好。洋河和桑干河是官厅水库上游需要重点治理的支流。     

“一带一路”沿线港口城市天宫二号多光谱影像数据集

港口城市在“一带一路”建设中具有重要地位和作用,遥感影像数据可以为港口城市的动态监测提供有效的信息支撑。天宫二号空间实验室搭载的宽波段成像仪是新一代中分辨率成像光谱仪,具有谱段宽、视场大等特点,在可见近红外、短波红外、热红外谱段共设置有18个通道,空间分辨率分别为100 m、200 m和400 m,自2016-09—2019-07获取了大量的对地观测多光谱影像数据。本文面向 “一带一路”沿线的25个港口城市,从天宫二号宽波段成像仪获取的多光谱数据中挑选出58组不同时间获取的高质量影像,经过预处理、辐射校正、几何校正等处理和数据质量控制,构建了“一带一路”沿线港口城市专题影像数据集,并对该数据集的应用价值和潜力进行了分析。结果表明该数据集可以为“一带一路”沿线港口城市及其周边区域资源环境遥感监测提供重要信息支撑,在港口城市相关的中大尺度场景分类识别方面具有较大应用价值。     

Seasonal and spatial variations in rare earth elements and yttrium of dissolved load in the middle,lower reaches and estuary of the Minjiang River,southeastern China

A bstract With the aim of elucidating the spatial and seasonal behaviors of rare earth elements(REEs), we investigated the dissolved REE concentrations of surface water collected during four seasons from middle, lower reaches and estuary of the Minjiang River, southeastern China. The results display that the REE abundances in Minjiang River, ranging from 3.3–785.9 ng/L, were higher than those of many of the major global rivers. The total REE concentrations(∑REE) were seasonally variable, averaging in 5 937.30, 863.79, 825.65 and 1 065.75 ng/L during second highest flow(SHF), normal flow(NF), low flow(LF) and high flow(HF) season, respectively. The R_(( L/M)) and R_((H/M)) ratios reveal the spatial and temporal variations of REE patterns, and particularly vary apparently in the maximum turbidity zone and estuary. REE patterns of dissolved loads are characterized by progressing weaker LREEs-enrichment and stronger HREEsenrichment downstream from middle reaches to estuary during all four seasons. Comparing with NF and LF seasons, in which REE patterns are relatively flat, samples of SHF season have more LREE-enriched and HREE-depleted patterns that close to parent rocks, while samples of HF season are more LREEs-depleted and HREE-enriched. REE fractionations from the middle to lower reaches are stronger in the SHF and HF seasons than those in NF and LF seasons. Generally, spatial and seasonal variations in REE abundance and pattern are presumably due to several factors, such as chemical weathering, mixture with rainfall and groundwater, estuarine mixing, runoff, biological production and mountain river characters, such as strong hydrodynamic forces and steep slopes. The highest Gd/Gd* always occurs at north ports during all four seasons, where most of the large hospitals are located. This suggests Gd anomalies are depended on the density of modern medical facilities. Y/Ho ratios fl uctuate and positively correlate to salinity in estuary, probably because of the geochemical behavior differences between Y and Ho.     

微博中蕴含台风灾害损失信息识别和分类方法

社交媒体在灾害信息的实时发布与传播中发挥着越来越重要的作用。在灾害发生过程中,社交媒体中蕴含的实时灾损信息对灾情及时响应和评估有重要意义。然而,这些涉灾文本具有信息破碎度高、文本特征稀疏、标注语料库匮乏等缺点,使得传统的基于监督学习的方法难以有效提取其中的灾损信息。为此,本文提出了一种通过扩展上下文特征和匹配特征词的方法来快速识别和分类社交媒体中蕴含的不同类别的灾损信息。本方法首先基于中文语法规则,抽取小规模不同灾损类别下微博文本中的涉灾关键词构建特征词搭配对。然后,利用词向量模型和已有词库对这些特征词搭配对进行补充和扩展。同时,根据中文词语共现规则,引入外部语料库优化特征词间的语义搭配关系。最终,以此为基础构建台风灾损分类知识库对灾情文本中蕴含的不同类别灾损信息进行识别和分类。本文以2016年9月15日台风“莫兰蒂”登陆事件作为研究案例,以评估本文方法在灾损信息识别和分类上的效果。结果表明,本文方法对微博文本中蕴含的不同类别风灾损失信息的识别和分类效果显著（各类别综合评价指标都达到了0.74以上）。基于灾损信息分类结果,本文绘制了台风影响的时空分布图,从而进一步说明本文方法在灾害损失评估和减灾救灾方面的效用。     

上新世以来南海海水表层温度（SST）的变化

The reconstruction of sea surface temperature(SST) is a key issue in research on paleoceanography. The recently related studies are mainly concentrated on the Quaternary. The skeletons of a typical species of benthonic foraminifer(Amphistegina radiata) in the top 0–375.30 m interval of Well "Xike-1" reef core, Shidao Island, the Xisha Islands, are uniformly selected. The ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations and other indicators are analyzed by an electron microprobe analysis(EMPA) with the purpose of estimating the paleo-SSTs since the Pliocene and further investigating the periodic change law of paleoclimate in the South China Sea(SCS).Meanwhile, the geologic significance of paleoclimatic events in the SCS is discussed with global perspectives. The results indicate that the paleo-SSTs reconstructed by the ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations in the SCS show a general periodic trend of "high–low–high–low" in values changes since the Pliocene. By comparison,the fluctuations of reconstructed paleo-SSTs are much stronger in the Quaternary. Moreover, the variations of the ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations in the A. radiata skeletons have recorded a series of major paleoclimatic events since the Pliocene, of which the Quaternary glaciation events and the Arctic ice cap forming events during the late Pliocene are more significant. Thus, using the changes of the ratios of magnesium to calcium concentrations in the A. radiata skeletons from Well "Xike-1" reef core to reflect the relative changes of paleo-SSTs is a relatively feasible and reliable way in the SCS, which is also proved by the correlation of drilling cores characteristics in this area.     

MCI技术及其在塔中47油藏油源对比中的应用

流体包裹体成分分析技术(MCI)是应用分子有机地球化学参数研究烃类包裹体成分的一种方法。它与常规技术相比具有三个显著优点:可以分析包裹体内烃类组成,达到分子级水平;使用化学试剂氧化处理包裹体表面污染物,避免高温操作影响流体包裹体烃类组成;空白实验贯穿全过程以确保包裹体的清洁性。该技术能够成功解决源岩、成熟度、油气充注期次及油气二次蚀变等问题。选取塔中47井石炭系和志留系的两块样品进行了MCI分析,取得正构烷烃、萜烷、甾烷等分布参数。结果显示,塔中47油藏中石炭系与志留系原油属同源;与油砂抽提物相比,包裹体烃类的成熟度较低;志留系油砂与包裹体烃类有不同的母源;志留系中至少存在两期油气充注,其晚期充注的油气有轻微水洗或生物降解作用。     

基于互信息量的地震信号检测和初至提取方法

本文将现代信息科学中的重要基础理论——信息论引入到地震信号的分析和处理中,提出了一种利用互信息量检测地震信号并进行初至提取的方法,给出了该方法的基本原理和具体算法.计算结果表明,互信息量随滑动窗口移动的变化情况可以明确标示出待测地震信号的存在,通过提取互信息量的突变点或峰值点,能够有效拾取地震波的初至时刻.这种方法还可以特别针对非传统的地震信号,如连续随机信号、随机脉冲序列等进行处理.在这些信号条件下,往往信噪比很低,波形随传播距离发生较大变化,传统的信号检测方法效果不佳,而这种以随机信号检测为基础的互信息量探测方法具有很好的性能,很有发展前景.