库车盆地古近纪和新近纪构造环境与蒸发岩沉积

库车盆地分布有沉积广厚、层数众多的古近纪和新近纪石盐岩,是我国最有找钾希望的内陆成盐盆地之一。盆地自形成以来一直处于稳定的沉降状态,在古近纪和新近纪成盐期,盆地经历了强-弱-强3个构造演化阶段,其沉降中心由北而南逐渐迁移,沉积中心由北西逐渐向东、南东方向迁移,盆地内的构造分异渐趋明显,形成了一系列次级凹陷。古近纪和新近纪成盐卤水的迁移和聚集、成盐作用的强弱以及整个含盐系的沉积发育明显受到上述构造活动的控制:含盐系的厚度随时间由北西向东、向南逐渐增厚,且厚度分布逐渐趋于复杂化;石盐岩的沉积规模和范围也逐渐向东扩大;古近纪早期和新近纪强烈的构造活动对于成盐作用而言是一种干扰因素,而古近纪中、晚期相对较弱、导致盆地缓慢持续沉降的构造活动对成盐,尤其对成钾作用则极为有利。从盆地的构造分异结果及其控制的含盐系和其中石盐岩的发育特征来看,古近纪和新近纪库车盆地已具备钾盐蒸发岩形成的构造条件。     

综合致矿地质异常信息提取与集成

矿床及其周围局部和区域的地质、地球物理和地球化学以及遥感地质等勘查信息构成认识成矿规律和资源潜力评价的基础.矿产资源综合定量评价首先涉及到以建立地质成矿概念模型为基础的地质、地球化学、地球物理以及遥感地质等单学科异常信息的提取与集成, 然后是对多学科异常信息的综合提取与集成, 最后应用综合致矿信息定量圈定找矿靶区, 评价资源潜力.阐述了综合地质异常数字找矿过程中综合致矿地质异常信息提取、信息关联、信息转换和信息集成的基本概念.强调实现“由地质异常体特征到空间地质异常信息模型, 再根据空间异常信息模型推断地质异常体特征”这一信息双向转换的重要意义.结果表明: (1) 综合致矿地质异常概念模型是选择资源评价变量和建立综合地质异常数字找矿模型的基础; (2) 非线性方法技术是提取隐蔽矿化信息的有效手段; (3) 综合致矿地质异常概念模型与数字找矿数学模型的有机结合是实现数字找矿突破的关键; (4) 应用综合致矿异常信息模拟矿产资源潜力的过程实质上是一个信息逐渐提取与集成的过程, 亦是一个空间数据→空间信息→知识决策的过程.      

Ground motion parameters of Shillong plateau: One of the most seismically active zones of northeastern India

Strong ground motion parameters for Shillong plateau of northeastern India are examined. Empirical relations are obtained for main parameters of ground motions as a function of earthquake magnitude, fault type, source depth, velocity characterization of medium and distance. Correlation between ground motion parameters and characteristics of seismogenic zones are established. A new attenuation relation for peak ground acceleration is developed, which predicts higher expected PGA in the region. Parameters of ...     

GOCO05c: A New Combined Gravity Field Model Based on Full Normal Equations and Regionally Varying Weighting

GOCO05c is a gravity field model computed as a combined solution of a satellite-only model and a global data set of gravity anomalies. It is resolved up to degree and order 720. It is the first model applying regionally varying weighting. Since this causes strong correlations among all gravity field parameters, the resulting full normal equation system with a size of 2 TB had to be solved rigorously by applying high-performance computing. GOCO05c is the first combined gravity field model independent of EGM2008 that contains GOCE data of the whole mission period. The performance of GOCO05c is externally validated by GNSS–levelling comparisons, orbit tests, and computation of the mean dynamic topography, achieving at least the quality of existing high-resolution models. Results show that the additional GOCE information is highly beneficial in insufficiently observed areas, and that due to the weighting scheme of individual data the spectral and spatial consistency of the model is significantly improved. Due to usage of fill-in data in specific regions, the model cannot be used for physical interpretations in these regions.     

中国大陆现今地壳水平运动基本特征

介绍利用中国地壳运动观测网络基本网、基准网1998年和2000年GPS观测结果所获得的中国大陆地壳水平运动信息．简要介绍这两次GPS观测概况，以及用GAMIT / GLOBK软件对所获得GPS观测数据的处理及精度分析．基准网与基本网各年观测结果得到的网内点位精度、水平分量精度平均为2mm左右，高程分量精度平均为5mm 左右，由两期观测得到的水平位移分量的精度平均为3mm 左右． 得到的1998年9月初至2000年6月中旬基本网、基准网中的地壳运动，包括以位于东部的一组稳定点为基准的各观测站位移、网内各部分的应变及部分地区的旋转量．根据所获得的我国大陆较为完整而详细的地壳水平运动图象，分析了中国大陆现今地壳运动的主要特征．在所述观测期间，我国东部地区变形较小，相对较为稳定．相对位于东部的稳定点组，东北块体向北运动，位移量约10mm；华南块体向东南运动，位移量约9mm．相对东部地区，西北部新疆地区以北西向运动为主，位移量约26mm；西南西藏地区以向北运动为主，位移量约32mm；西藏东部与云南地区形成非常明显的顺时针旋转构造运动，旋转中心位于26.5N，95.5E，旋转量为0.0045，旋转位移平均为12mm 左右．我国中部南北地震带是一强烈而复杂的变形带．GPS测量结果表明，印度板块向北挤压是影响我国地壳运动的主要因素．      

Volatiles,vesicles, and vugs: Unraveling the magmatic and eruptive histories of Steno crater basalts

In 1972, Apollo 17 astronauts returned 170.4 kg of lunar material. Within 1 month of their return, a subset of those samples was specially curated with the forethought that future analytical techniques would offer new insight into the formation and evolution of the Moon. Of interest in this work is sample 71036, a basalt collected from the rim of Steno crater in the Taurus–Littrow Valley, which was stored frozen and was processed and released for study 50 years later. We report, for the first time, the detailed mineralogy and petrology of 71036 and its companion samples 71035, 71037, and 71055 using a novel combination of 2-D and 3-D methods. We investigate lunar volatiles through in situ measurements of apatite and 3-D measurements of vesicles to understand the degassing histories of the Steno crater basalts. Our coupled 2-D petrography and 3-D tomography data sets support a model of the Steno crater basalts crystallizing in the upper crust of a mare lava flow. Apatite F and OH chemistry and the late-stage deformation of voids and formation of smaller vesicles provide evidence supporting coeval degassing of volatiles and crystallization of mesostasis apatite in Apollo 17 basalts. This work helps to close knowledge gaps surrounding the origin, magmatic evolution, emplacement, and crystallization history of high-titanium basalts.     

AsteroFLAG: First results from hare‐and‐hounds Exercise #1

We report on initial results from the first phase of Exercise #1 of the asteroFLAG hare and hounds. The asteroFLAG group is helping to prepare for the asteroseismology component of NASA's Kepler mission, and the first phase of Exercise #1 is concerned with testing extraction of estimates of the large and small frequency spacings of the low‐degree p modes from Kepler‐like artificial data. These seismic frequency spacings will provide key input for complementing the exoplanet search data. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)