南海表层黏土矿物的分布与来源

南海表层黏土矿物组合主要包括伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石和蒙皂石,这些矿物在不同地区不同水深有着不同的分布特征,而物源区的不同是导致分布特征存在差异的主要因素。结合在南海西部和北部的工作以及近年来其他学者发表的南海表层黏土矿物资料将其大致分为东南西北4个部分,并确定各自的物源区。台湾和吕宋岛是南海东部表层黏土矿物的主要来源;湄公河、婆罗洲、巽他陆架和印度尼西亚岛弧是南海南部的主要物源区;南海西部表层黏土矿物主要来自红河、湄公河、珠江、台湾、巽他陆架、印度尼西亚岛弧以及婆罗洲;珠江、台湾、长江和吕宋岛则是南海北部的主要来源。     

Intraseasonal variability of the surface zonal current in the equatorial Indian Ocean: Seasonal differences and causes

Using observations and numerical simulations, this study examines the intraseasonal variability of the surface zonal current(u ISV) over the equatorial Indian Ocean, highlighting the seasonal and spatial differences, and the causes of the differences. Large-amplitude u ISV occurs in the eastern basin at around 80°–90°E and near the western boundary at 45°–55°E. In the eastern basin, the u ISV is mainly caused by the atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations(ISOs), which explains 91% of the standard...     

关于平均海面变化研究的若干问题

论述平均海平面、海面、潮面、平均潮面和海拔的概念、定义。提出研究平均海平面的一些基本问题，以及尚待深入探讨的几个问题。给出国内外的若干研究成果     

Effects of grazing and climate change on sandy grassland ecosystems in Inner Mongolia

To understand the effects of grazing activities and climate change on sandy grassland ecosystems in northern China, a livestock field grazing and enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 to 2006 in Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that sustained heavy grazing resulted in serious degradation of the vegetation; moderate grazing can maintain vegetation stabilization; and light grazing can promote rapid restoration of degraded vegetation. The livestock productivity was the highest in the moderate grazing grassland, and sustained heavy grazing resulted in rapid decrease of the livestock productivity. Heavy grazing can cause a retrogressive succession of grassland vegetation, whereas moderate and light grazing may promote progressive succession of plant species. The effects of changing climate on succession processes were not significant in the short term; a warm-humid climate is favorable to restoration of degraded vegetation, whereas a sustained warm-drought climate may result in degradation of grassland vegetation. Heavy livestock grazing should be stopped for the sustainable use of grassland; the proper grazing intensity for sandy grassland is two to three sheep or sheep equivalents per hectare in Inner Mongolia.     

Transect-based three-dimensional road modeling and visualization

On the basis of the study on road elements and the existing three-dimensional road data models, this paper puts forward the transect-based road modeling, resolves the modeling of the simplest road with two road transects, and fulfils the visualization of the road. OpenGL is applied as the tool of visualization. The map texture technology, LOD algorithm and dynamic multi-differentiating texture technology are of benefit to the construction of 3D road GIS, and improve the speed of roaming and effective visualization. This paper also disusses the combination of 2D digitall road map and 3D road scene, and the dynamic response between them. Finally, on the basis of the research on the transect-based road model, this paper develops the three-dimen-sional road geographic information system called virtual road ( VRoad ), which not only supplies road designers with a set of tool which can turn the designed 2D road data into 3D road and the high road assistant function area in computer, but also supplies the road management with a set of tool which can realize the road real time and interactive roaming, high-efficiency management.     

Study on visualization of virtual city model based on internet

With the rapid development of computer graphics, distributed-computing and Internet, it is possible to achieve Internet-based virtual city. This paper dwells on the method of the terrain and its feature modeling and complex entity modeling in the virtual city. Then, discusses the method for Internet-based virtual city 3D visualization and the design of the Browser/Server architecture of the system of virtual city in the network environment. Finally, Java and Java 3D are used to show an experiment example, and the related conclusion about Internet-based virtual city 3D displaying and the client-side interactive operation is given.     

空-谱角匹配与多指数法相结合的OLI遥感影像水体提取

针对复杂环境条件下水体遥感提取结果不连续且易与植被、建筑物、阴影相混淆的难题,基于Landsat 8 OLI影像,以石家庄市平山县岗南水库和宿迁市骆马湖附近河流为研究区,提出了一种空-谱角匹配与多指数法相结合的水体信息提取方法;并与单波段阈值法、归一化差分水体指数法（NDWI）、光谱角匹配法（SAM）、自动水体提取指数法（AWEI）和一类支持向量机法（OC-SVM）的水体提取结果进行对比分析和精度评定。试验结果表明,本文提出的方法兼顾了多特征之间的互补性优势,引入的空间信息有效地抑制了噪声的干扰,且以像素为基元的提取策略较好地保持了水体的边缘信息,避免了出现平滑掉细节信息的情况;与传统方法相比,本文方法受植被、建筑和阴影的干扰最小,对细小水体也具备较好的识别能力。     

测绘行业入世面临的挑战与机遇

中国正式履行WTO协议已经一年,与测绘行业相关的领域也渐次开放,测绘行业限制性开放写进了最新颁布的《外商投资产业指导目录》。测绘行业已经站在开放的起跑线上,如箭在弦。面对测绘行业基于入世的种种疑惑与担心,本文在全面考量测绘行业现状的基础上,针对WTO规则中对我国测绘行业开放要求的相关条款,综合分析了中国入世所带给测绘行业的机遇与挑战,详细梳理了测绘行业现存的不利因素和有利条件,认为测绘行业在开放的大背景下将大有可为。     

在“测量平差”课程教学中融入数学建模思想的探讨

在"测量平差"课程的教学中,我们应注重案例相结合的教学方式,注重学生的实践性教学环节.本文探讨了将数学建模思想纳入到测量平差课程教学中,较好地解决了学与用之间的关系,给出了一个新的"测量平差"课程的教学改革思路.