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101.
Rui Zuo Xiaojuan Chen Xianbo Li Dan Shan Jie Yang Jinsheng Wang Yanguo Teng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(17):629
Nitrogenous pollutants from intense human activities have become serious environmental and health problems worldwide, particularly in groundwater source areas used for public water supply. To investigate the genesis and pollution risks associated with elevated concentrations of ammonium nitrogen in a groundwater source area, investigations were undertaken in the Jinji groundwater source area, located in an arid loess plain in northwestern China where 16 groundwater samples were collected from an aquifer used for water supply. The investigation indicated that high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen originated mainly from: infiltration of water from the Yellow River; livestock; and the discharge of industrial wastes. Measured parameters including pH, the permanganate index and the oxidation reduction potential could be used as important indicators of the genesis of ammonium nitrogen. A modified DRTCLN model was applied to the observed distribution of ammonium nitrogen to assess pollution risk of regional groundwater. The model was optimized by rebuilding the index system, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the rating scale of each index. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to analyze the uncertainty of results of the risk assessment. The result showed that the risk value is relatively low in most areas of the groundwater source area. Only an industrial area in the southwestern part of the groundwater source area was classified as high risk; it should be the key factor of pollution control. 相似文献
102.
Yingfeng?Zhang Guohong?ZhangEmail author Eric?A.?Hetland Xinjian?Shan Shaoyan?Wen Ronghu?Zuo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(4):1029-1038
The complete surface deformation of 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel, Chile earthquake is obtained using SAR interferograms obtained for descending and ascending Sentinel-1 orbits. We find that the Illapel event is predominantly thrust, as expected for an earthquake on the interface between the Nazca and South America plates, with a slight right-lateral strike slip component. The maximum thrust-slip and right-lateral strike slip reach 8.3 and 1.5 m, respectively, both located at a depth of 8 km, northwest to the epicenter. The total estimated seismic moment is 3.28 × 1021 N.m, corresponding to a moment magnitude Mw 8.27. In our model, the rupture breaks all the way up to the sea-floor at the trench, which is consistent with the destructive tsunami following the earthquake. We also find the slip distribution correlates closely with previous estimates of interseismic locking distribution. We argue that positive coulomb stress changes caused by the Illapel earthquake may favor earthquakes on the extensional faults in this area. Finally, based on our inferred coseismic slip model and coulomb stress calculation, we envision that the subduction interface that last slipped in the 1922 Mw 8.4 Vallenar earthquake might be near the upper end of its seismic quiescence, and the earthquake potential in this region is urgent. 相似文献
103.
Identifying gravity anomalies caused by granitic intrusions in Nanling mineral district,China: a multifractal perspective
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Several power‐law relationships of geophysical potential fields have been discussed recently with renewed interests, including field value–distance () and power spectrum–wavenumber () models. The singularity mapping technique based on the density/concentration–area (C–A) power‐law model is applied to act as a high‐pass filter for extracting gravity and magnetic anomalies regardless of the background value and to detect the edges of gravity or magnetic sources with the advantage of scale invariance. This is demonstrated on a synthetic example and a case study from the Nanling mineral district, Southern China. Compared with the analytic signal amplitude and total horizontal gradient methods, the singularity mapping technique provides more distinct and less noisy boundaries of granites than traditional methods. Additionally, it is efficient for enhancing and outlining weak anomalies caused by concealed granitic intrusions, indicating that the singularity method based on multifractal analysis is a potential tool to process gravity and magnetic data. 相似文献
104.
瀑布沟水电站库首右岸深部裂缝成因分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
水电工程常常建在高山峡谷地带,其天然岸坡通常由坡面向内有一个强卸荷带和弱卸荷带以及相应的强风化和弱风化带,内侧则为完整新鲜的岩石。对涉及的工程岸坡在正常卸荷带以内发育的一系列张性破裂或破裂带,称之为深拉裂缝。瀑布沟水电站库首右岸存在两个拉裂变形体,通过对其岸坡深部拉裂缝空间发育分布、变形特征的考察,综合分析造成深部裂缝发育规律与变形特征的因素。在此基础上提出,库首右岸深部拉裂缝是岸坡快速卸荷条件下浅表生改造的产物,其形成时期相当于河谷由宽谷深切为峡谷这一转换时期。 相似文献
105.
全球变化影响下青岛海岸带地理环境的演变 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
在全球变化的影响下,近50多年来青岛海岸带地区的地理环境要素发生了许多超常的变化。其中,年平均气温1991-2002年比20世纪50年代上升了0.94℃,同期最冷月1月平均气温上升了2.18℃,≥10℃的天数由每年207.6d增至218.5d,近海年平均海水温度在20世纪60年代为13.45℃,而1991-2002年为14.20℃,上升了0.75℃。海岸沙滩侵蚀加剧,20世纪90年代以来灵山湾每年蚀退达7m;胶州湾面积由1952年的559km。缩减为2002年的382km^2;滨海漏湖湿地几乎全部消失。由于海岸带气候和水温的变暖使研究区动植物群落发生变化,如茶树从南方引中成功并形成产业,一些本来在长江三角洲地区越冬的鸟类(如大天鹅)已迁至山东半岛越冬;某些生活在温暖海洋中的海洋动物也频现青岛。 相似文献
106.
利用资源一号卫星和神舟二号留轨舱上搭载的高能粒子探测设备对2001年2~6月同一时段内的资料进行了对比分析. 神舟二号飞船X射线探测器的观测结果反映的空间高能电子的分布, 表明在400km的较低高度上, 地理纬度40°附近以及SAA地区也可以观测到数百keV的高能电子. 资源一号卫星的探测结果显示了在800km高度附近, 同一时段内若干兆电子伏特的高能电子的全球分布. 后者出现的最低地理纬度和相应的经度位置则和前者是一致的, 说明两个高度上高能粒子的分布仍然都受地磁场控制, 粒子主要来源于地球辐射带. 资源一号卫星高能粒子探测器的能挡与神舟二号飞船X射线探测器的能挡不同, 彼此可以较好地补充. 但由于神舟二号轨道倾角较低, 全面的对比也受到一定的局限, 在进一步深入分析现有资料的同时, 可以在本文基础上设计更好的联合探测方案. 相似文献
107.
Ying-Xi Zuo Yang Li Ji-Xian Sun Ji Yang Jing-Jing Li Ye Xu Deng-Yun He Qin-Hong Fan Sheng-Hong Fan 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2011,35(4):439-446
Based on digital photogrammetric measurements, the antenna panels of the Delingha 13.7m radio telescope are adjusted to make the main dish have an optimal paraboloidal surface at the elevation of 52°, thus the overall antenna efficiency is optimized for different observing elevations. Observations indicate that the aperture efficiency of the telescope has been improved approximately twice in comparison with the antenna panels adjusted on the basis of theodolite measurements. According to the results of the measurements at different elevations, the models of antenna gravity deformation are built, including the displacement and tilt angle of the subreflector, as well as the focal length and surface error of the main reflector, as functions of elevation angle. In the process of modeling the gravity deformation of the main dish, instead of the direct calculation method, the least square fitting on the measured surface errors at different elevation angles is adopted, in order to reduce the effect of measurement errors on the accuracy of the model. 相似文献
108.
首先回顾了地震概率安全评价(Seismic Probability Safety Assessment,SPSA)方法的发展历史及应用现状;然后基于SPSA的要素,研究了SPSA方法中需要解决的主要问题,重点是地震易损性分析,并根据SPSA的任务描述SPSA流程,主要探讨电厂走访和继电器评价的方法;最后结合我国概率安全评价(Probability Safety Assessment,PSA)的研究进展、SPSA的基础等实际状况,提出适合我国的SPSA实施路线的建议,以保障核电站地震情况下的安全. 相似文献
109.
Research on the impact assessment of urbanization on air environment with urban environmental entropy model: a case study 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Qingsong Wang Xueliang Yuan Chunyuan Ma Zhen Zhang Jian Zuo 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2012,26(3):443-450
A new concept of urban environmental entropy was introduced to investigate the effect of urbanization on air environment considering
the fact that rapid development of urbanization may have negative influence on the whole air environment system. The urban
environmental entropies which were built based on the generalized thermodynamic entropy and the generalized statistic entropy,
respectively. These two entropy models have been used to analyze the relationship between the development of urbanization
and air environment. The negative entropy flow mechanism was proposed to reveal the advantages and approaches of regional
cities in improving air environment system. A case study on 17 cities in Shandong Province of China showed that the values
of urban environmental entropy were negative in most cities from 2001 to 2008, which implies that there is a positive correlation
between the development of urbanization and air environment and that is a negative entropy development level in Shandong Province
of China. In 2008, the urbanization of Qingdao city and Jinan city improved their air environments. Moreover, restraints for
both cities in air environment improvement were recognized according to the analysis of negative entropy flow mechanism. 相似文献
110.
岫岩陨石撞击坑位于辽东半岛北部低山丘陵地区,直径1.8km,保存完好。由于陨石的撞击和此后的沉积作用在坑内形成了特殊的地貌、地质和地球物理环境,使坑内与坑外的介质在速度方面存在差异,尤其是湖相沉积的软弱淤泥层使得坑底上建造的房屋就像躺在一张巨大的海绵垫上一样,使人们常常感到有微震发生,表明坑底的软弱地层对地面的震动产生了放大作用,严重地影响了地基的稳定性,从而影响到地面建筑物的抗震性能。本文采用高分辨折射探测方法,获得了陨石坑内的速度结构和软弱地层的分布,分析了陨石坑地基的抗震性能,为坑内地基和地面建筑物的地震危险性评价提供了可靠的基础资料。 相似文献