利用地震属性分析沉积环境的误区:以辽河盆地滩海东部凹陷东二段为例

为了解辽河盆地滩海地区东二段沉积相类型,通过现代河流沉积调研以及岩心、测井、地震相综合分析,结果证明:滩海地区东二段沉积相类型主要以滨浅湖-滩坝相为主,而非地震属性图所反映的河流相沉积,地震属性解释存在误区。古沉积环境解释最重要的因素就是如何理解"保存"的概念。河流在自身演化过程中迁移、改道时常发生,在漫长的地质时间内,难以保存一个完整的河道。沉积环境分析中,应当遵循从岩心相—测井相—地震相的分析过程,而不是单纯依据地震属性直接进行沉积相研究。     

再论洞穴石笋的沉积速率

通过对滇、黔、湘、桂洞穴石笋大型剖面的综合研究、,以代表性剖面和典型时（笋）段系统测年和沉积速率研究为例,初步认为,石笋沉积速率大小是气候演变、暖气候、冷气候的识别指标之一,沉积速率为10mm／100a以上是冰后（间冰）期温暖气候的沉积,趋于10mm／100a或以下者,是温暖期气候的冷转变,或冷期（阶）的沉积;1mm／100a左右是冰期寒冷气候的沉积,趋于1mm／100a或以上者是冰期寒冷气候的暖转变或间冰期的沉积;沉积速率极小,往往是冷气候显示,甚至是沉积间断,或是气候和地质、灾害事件的突变点。沉积速率具多变性,引用和识别时应避免以单一速率推算长时（笋）段年序和确定气候或地质事件的年代,不宜跨旋回计速,以避免遗漏沉积间断和气候、地质、灾害事件。石笋沉积间断很普遍,特别是寒冷的冰期气候间断更频繁,观测和测年表明,沉积间断时间累计占成笋期的28．92％～76．26％,全新世温暖气候的沉积间断时间累计,只占成笋期的13．80％以上。     

辽东海城－大石桥超大型菱镁矿矿床的地质特点及成因

中国海城－大石桥菱镁矿矿床举世闻名，矿床分布于辽东元古宙裂谷海槽北缘的次一级盒地中。含镁建造属元古宙上辽河群大石桥岩组的上部．按含矿建造组成岩石的各种成因标志，确定建造的沉积岩相为闭塞台地相，因此．推测它形成于裂谷边缘的泻湖环境。由于长期潮汐作用，泻湖内有充分的富镁海水周期性地供给，在当时炎热干旱的气候条件下，泻湖中的卤水不断浓缩，并通过化学与生物化学成矿作用，在泻湖盆地内形成了大型－超大型的菱镁矿矿床。元古宙末期矿床遭受了绿片岩－角闪岩相区域动力热流变质作用的改造。     

镶嵌图像上拼接缝 的消除方法

分析了基于小波变换的拼接缝消除方法的不足 ,提出了拼接缝消除的强制改正方法 ,并用实际图像进行了试验。结果表明 :文中提出的方法具有较好的拼接缝消除效果 ,算法简单 ,易于实现 ,可以处理彩色和黑白等多种图像。     

Compositional fractionation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the karst soils, South China

This study aims to explore the condensation and fractionation trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the karst soils. The tiankeng is a karst surface expression that can act as a focal point for introduction of contaminants to a karst aquifer, which may serve both as condenser for vapor phase POPs and as barrier/sink for particulate associated less volatile POPs. The fractionation of POPs in soils from the upper rim and floor of tiankeng is of interest in understanding the role of tiankeng in the long-distance transport of POPs. In the present study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface soils from the upper rim and floor of Dashiwei tiankeng in Southern China were analyzed. The total PAH concentrations in soils were 23.40–190 ng g⁻¹, with phenanthrene being the most abundant. The distribution patterns of PAH compounds in the soil samples matched well with their properties. It indicated the heavy PAHs were susceptible to retention by the floor soils of tiankeng than light PAHs. A plot of Cfloor/Crim against PAH molecular weight gave a good positive relationship in the molecular weight range of 152–276. It is suggested that the floor soils can be focal points of more concentrated PAH and deserve attention. The concentrations of total PAHs in the floor soils (43.40–190 ng g⁻¹, mean 87.76 ng g⁻¹) were higher than those in the upper rim (23.40–88.94 ng g⁻¹, mean 57.74 ng g⁻¹). In addition, there was a shift in compound pattern with an increase in the proportion of light PAHs (2–3 rings), a decrease in heavy PAHs (5–6 rings) and a relatively stable content of 4-ring PAHs. A combination of particulate scavenging and cold condensation is proposed as the major mechanism for the compositional fractionation of PAHs in the soils from the upper rim and floor of tiankeng.     

川西坳陷新场气田水文地质地球化学特征及天然气运聚

新场气田是川西的主力产气区,发育深层上三叠统(须家河组二段、须家河组四段)和中浅层中、上侏罗统(上沙溪庙组、蓬莱镇组)含气层系,均不同程度地产出地层水,气水关系复杂,不同层位间气水存在一定的联系。纵向上,深层地层水埋深为3 000~5 500 m,随埋深增加矿化度、盐化系数逐渐增大,呈现高演化地层水特征;中浅层地层水埋深为500~2 200 m,沟通较频繁,水化学特征差异不大,均呈现低矿化度、低盐化系数和高碳酸氢根离子浓度特点;两者之间为地层水混合过渡带。平面上,中浅层上沙溪庙组地层水矿化度在断裂发育带附近出现高值,高值范围与深层须家河组地层水矿化度低值区基本相对应。这主要是由局部深层与中浅层地层水沿向下断至深层、向上断至中浅层的断层垂向沟通并发生混合作用导致的。中浅层断裂附近,沿断裂带上涌的深层地层水与中浅层原始沉积地层水发生混合作用,使得砂体富含高矿化度地层水,天然气则沿渗透性砂体侧向运移并在一定距离的圈闭内聚集成藏,这对研究区中浅层天然勘探具有指导意义。     

Comparison of two creep degradation modeling approaches for soft structured soils

The creep degradation is a common phenomenon for soft structured clays. In this paper, the creep degradation behavior for soft structured clays is first studied by combining intrinsic creep behavior and the structure indicator. A creep-implicit model and a creep-explicit model corresponding to a stress-based and a creep-based structure indicators are developed, respectively, under one-dimensional condition. Parameters determination for both models is straightforward from oedometer tests. Coupled with consolidation theory, both models are used to simulate oedometer tests with different structural levels and load durations on three clays. The predictive ability of the two models on creep behavior, creep degradation behavior and evolution of structure indicator is analyzed. The relationship between the two structure indicators is discussed based on experimental results. The comparison between experimental and numerical results demonstrates that both models can accurately describe the creep degradation behavior of soft structured clay under one-dimensional loading.     

Maximum-likelihood ambiguity resolution based on Bayesian principle

 Based on the Bayesian principle and the fact that GPS carrier-phase ambiguities are integers, the posterior distribution of the ambiguities and the position parameters is derived. This is then used to derive the maximum posterior likelihood solution of the ambiguities. The accuracy of the integer ambiguity solution and the position parameters is also studied according to the posterior distribution. It is found that the accuracy of the integer solution depends not only on the variance of the corresponding float ambiguity solution but also on its values. Received: 27 July 1999 / Accepted: 22 November 2000     

南海北部表层颗粒有机碳的季节和年际变化遥感分析

海洋颗粒有机碳（POC）是海洋固碳的一个关键参数。为了研究南海北部陆架及海盆表层POC浓度的时空分布特征以及变化趋势,本文利用2009-2011年4个季节的实测数据,对NASA发布的MODIS/AQUA卫星月平均POC遥感产品,进行了验证和校正;并利用校正后的遥感数据分析了2003-2014年POC的时空分布特征和变化趋势。发现POC遥感产品与南海北部实测数据具有较好的线性关系（R2=0.72）,但存在系统性偏高,需利用实测数据对遥感数据进行区域性校正。分析校正后的遥感数据发现,南海北部陆架POC浓度较高,平均为（33.34±8.02）mg/m3;吕宋海峡西南海域浓度较低,平均为（29.25±6.20）mg/m3;中央海盆区浓度最低,平均为（27.02±4.84）mg/m3。春夏季POC浓度较低,最低值一般出现在5月,冬季（12月至翌年1月）POC浓度达到最高。利用2003-2014年的长时间序列遥感叶绿素（Chl a）和海表温度（SST）、混合层深度（MLD）模式数据,以及实测数据对南海北部POC浓度的影响机制进行了分析。发现POC与Chl a在秋冬呈现较好的相关关系（R2=0.51）,但在春夏季较离散,表明秋冬季生物作用对POC影响较大。2003-2014年期间,POC与Chl a、MLD及SST存在明显的年际变化,但并没有显著的上升或下降趋势。     

内蒙古荒漠-草原过渡带灌木群落特征

荒漠-草原过渡带是草原逐渐被荒漠取代的区域.沿阿拉善左旗-乌拉特后旗调查灌木群落,分析植物群落的结构和物种多样性,以期为生物多样性保育提供理论依据.结果表明:该荒漠-草原过渡带有62种植物,隶属于18科、47属,禾本科、藜科、豆科和菊科的植物较多.植物主要由灌木和多年生草本构成,以旱生植物为主,主要包括红砂(Reaum...